Citizen Emperor (141 page)

 
107
. Thibaudeau,
Mémoires sur le Consulat
, pp. 405–7; Sorel,
L’Europe et la Révolution française
, vi. p. 217.

 
108
. Throughout the month of April 1803, there were rumours of the inevitability of war. Aulard,
Paris sous le Consulat
, iv. pp. 5, 9, 12, 16, 18–19, 21, 23, 24, 25, 27, 29, 32.

 
109
. 
Corr.
viii. n. 6759 (22 May 1803). On this episode see Grainger,
The
Amiens Truce
, pp. 200–3; Michael Lewis,
Napoleon and his British Captives
(London, 1962), pp. 22–30; Alger,
Napoleon’s British Visitors
, pp. 177–80.

 
110
. [Bertie Greatheed],
A Tour in France, 1802
(London, 1808), p. 86.

 
111
. According to Lewis,
Napoleon and his British Captives
, p. 36; Roy and Lesley Adkins,
War for All the Oceans: From Nelson at the Nile to Napoleon at Waterloo
(London, 2006), p. 116.

 
112
. 
Corr.
ix. n. 7273 (12 November 1803).

 
113
. Bell,
Total War
, p. 234.

 
114
. Bertaud,
Quand les enfants parlaient de gloire
, p. 216.

 
115
. Gershoy,
Bertrand Barère
, pp. 317–18.

 
116
. 
Mémorial anti-britannique, journal historique et politique
, which went from 26 September 1803 to 30 November 1804. It was then renamed the
Mémorial Européen; journal de politique et de littérature
, until March 1810. See also Barère de Vieuzac’s
Les Anglais au XIXe siècle
(Paris, 1804). Barère fell out with Napoleon around the time of the Empire (Jean-Pierre Thomas,
Bertrand Barère: la voix de la Révolution
(Paris, 1989), pp. 263–4).

 
117
. 
Mémorial anti-britannique
, 16 November 1804.

 
118
. 
Mémorial anti-britannique
, 2 December 1804.

 
119
. Take, for example, Comte de Montlosier’s
Le peuple anglais, bouffé d’orgueil, de bière et de thé, jugé au tribunal de la raison
(Paris, 1802). But there were also political pamphlets, like the Comte d’Hauterive’s
Observations sur le manifeste du roi d’Angleterre
(Paris, 1802).

 
120
. Examples in Aulard,
Paris sous le Consulat
, iv. pp. 152–3, 635.

 
121
. Lloyd,
The French Are Coming
, pp. 92–4.

 
122
. Lloyd,
The French Are Coming
, pp. 17–23.

 
123
. 
Morning Chronicle
, 5 October 1803.

 
124
. For the rumours around the invasion see Wheeler and Broadley,
Napoleon and the Invasion of England
, pp. 281–3, 349–50; Carola Oman,
Britain against Napoleon
(London, 1942), pp. 205–13.

 
125
. John Newman, ‘“An Insurrection of Loyalty”: The London Volunteer Regiments’ Response to the Invasion Threat’, in Philp (ed.),
Resisting Napoleon
, pp. 75–89; Richard Glover,
Britain at Bay: Defence against Bonaparte, 1803–14
(London, 1973), pp. 30–54; and Charles John Fedorak, ‘In Defence of Great Britain: Henry Addington, the Duke of York and Military Preparations against Invasion by Napoléonic France, 1803–1804’, in Philp (ed.),
Resisting Napoleon
, pp. 75–89 and 91–110.

 
126
. Norman Longmate,
Island Fortress: The Defence of Great Britain, 1603–1945
(London, 1993), pp. 271–3.

 
127
. See Wheeler and Broadley,
Napoleon and the Invasion of England
, pp. 329–62; Alexandra Franklin and Mark Philp,
Napoleon and the Invasion of Britain
(Oxford, 2003), pp. 60–3.

 
128
. The Martello was a small defensive fort twelve metres high with thick walls built to withstand cannon, garrisoned by fifteen to twenty-five men. It was based on the Genoese tower in Corsica. Frank McLynn,
Invasion: From the Armada to Hitler, 1588–1945
(London, 1987), pp. 100–1; Longmate,
Island Fortress
, pp. 275–9.

 
129
. Longmate,
Island Fortress
, pp. 267–9.

 
130
. Longmate,
Island Fortress
, pp. 279–83.

 
131
. 
Spirit of the Public Journals
for 1805
(London, 1806), p. 308.

7: The End of the Revolution