Citizen Emperor (195 page)

 
116
. Chandler,
Campaigns of Napoleon
, p. 887.

 
117
. Leggiere, ‘From Berlin to Leipzig’, 39–40; 120,000, according to Epstein, ‘Aspects of Military and Operational Efffectiveness’, p. 131.

 
118
. Vionnet de Maringoné,
Souvenirs
, p. 118.

 
119
. Louis-Victor-Léon de Rochechouart,
Souvenirs sur la Révolution, l’Empire et la Restauration, par le général Cte de Rochechouart
(Paris, 1933), pp. 261–4.

 
120
. Vionnet de Maringoné,
Souvenirs
, p. 118.

 
121
. Vionnet de Maringoné,
Souvenirs
, p. 120.

 
122
. Lignereux,
L’Empire des Français
, pp. 211–12.

 
123
. Telp,
The Evolution of Operational Art
, p. 124.

 
124
. Faucheur,
Souvenirs
, p. 174.

 
125
. On the battle of Bautzen see Müffling,
Memoirs
, pp. 35–43; Langeron,
Mémoires
, pp. 177–88; Chandler,
Campaigns of Napoleon
, pp. 893–7; J. p. Riley,
Napoleon and the World War of 1813: Lessons in Coalition Warfighting
(London, 2000), pp. 94–106.

 
126
. Metternich,
Mémoires
, i. p. 284.

 
127
. Marmont,
Mémoires
, v. p. 109. On Duroc see Philip Dwyer, ‘Duroc diplomate: un militaire au service de la diplomatie napoléonienne’,
Revue du Souvenir napoléonien
, 399 (1995), 21–38; Martin,
Napoleonic Friendship
, pp. 47–9.

 
128
. For the following, Coignet,
Note-Books
, p. 248; Marbot,
Mémoires
, iii. pp. 251–2, 264–81.

 
129
. Odeleben,
Relation circonstanciée
, i. pp. 102–3.

 
130
. Waresquiel (ed.),
Lettres d’un lion
, p. 128 (23 May 1813).

 
131
. Dedem de Gelder,
Un général hollandais
, pp. 323–4.

 
132
. Zamoyski,
Rites of Peace
, pp. 69, 72.

 
133
. Wilson,
Private Diary of Travels
, ii. pp. 45–6; Zamoyski,
Rites of Peace
, p. 69.

 
134
. Fain,
Manuscrit de mil huit cent treize
, i. pp. 430–5, 443–9.

 
135
. Adams,
Napoleon and Russia
, pp. 443–4.

 
136
. See Oskar Regele,
Feldmarschall Radetzky: Leben/Leistung/Erbe
(Vienna, 1957), pp. 121–8; Esdaile,
The Wars of Napoleon
, p. 271.

 
137
. Zamoyski,
Rites of Peace
, p. 94.

 
138
. On the plan see Sked,
Radetzky
, pp. 40–4.

 
139
. Friedrich Luckwaldt,
Österreich und die Anfänge des Befreiungskriege von 1813
(Berlin, 1898), pp. 308–38; and Metternich’s somewhat romanticized account of the meeting in Metternich,
Mémoires
, i. pp. 147–53, 185–92; ii. pp. 538–41. For the French perspective see Jean Hanoteau, ‘Une nouvelle relation de l’entrevue de Napoléon et de Metternich à Dresde’,
Revue d’histoire diplomatique
, 67 (1933), 421–40; Fain,
Manuscrit de mil huit cent treize
, ii. pp. 36–44. A recent reappraisal of the meeting is Munro Price, ‘Napoleon and Metternich in 1813: Some New and Some Neglected Evidence’,
French History
, 26:4 (2012), 482–503.

 
140
. Montholon,
Récits
, ii. pp. 493–8, here p. 497.

 
141
. Lieven,
Russia against Napoleon
, pp. 357–8.

 
142
. Metternich,
Mémoires
, i. pp. 143–4. At least one historian thinks so: Narocnickij, ‘Österreich zwischen Frankreich und Russland 1813’, p. 31.

 
143
. 
Corr.
xxv. n. 20175 (23 June 1813).

 
144
. Tournès,
La campagne de printemps en 1813
, pp. 47–8.

 
145
. 
Corr.
xxv. n. 19820 (7 April 1813). It may have been nothing more than an attempt to reassure his collaborators.

 
146
. Kraehe,
Metternich’s German Policy
, i. pp. 180–90; Schroeder,
Transformation of European Politics
, p. 47. Some historians, like Kissinger,
A World Restored
, pp. 64, 70, have doubted Metternich’s sincerity, arguing that in the months leading to the Austrian declaration of war he was playing a double game, assuring Russia that Austria would declare war on France, and Napoleon that it would remain loyal, all the while inching closer to the allied camp.

 
147
. Kissinger,
A World Restored
, pp. 75–6.

 
148
. Schroeder,
Transformation of European Politics
, p. 467.

 
149
. Vincent Haegele (ed.),
Napoléon et Joseph Bonaparte: correspondance intégrale 1784–1818
(Paris, 2007), p. 746 (1 July 1813); Muir,
Britain and the Defeat of Napoleon
, pp. 263–6; Esdaile,
The Peninsular War
, pp. 452–3.

 
150
. See Maria Ullrichová (ed.),
Clemens Metternich, Wilhelmine von Sagan: ein Briefwechsel, 1813–1815
(Graz, 1966).

 
151
. Antoine d’Arjuzon,
Caulaincourt: le confident de Napoléon
(Paris, 2012), pp. 244–50.

 
152
. Sorel,
L’Europe et la Révolution française
, viii. pp. 159–60.

 
153
. Charles Webster (ed.),
British Diplomacy, 1813–1815: Select Documents Dealing with the Reconstruction of Europe
(London, 1921), pp. 12–13 (13 July 1813).

 
154
. Pierrelongue (ed.),
Napoléon et Marie-Louise
, p. 126 (15 August 1813).

22: The Deliverance of Europe