Cleopatra and Antony (36 page)

“in very . . . wife . . . the son . . . for Caesar’s sake”: ibid., 41.

Plutarch . . . costume: The quotes in this paragraph are from Plu.Ant, 54.

the triple uraeus . . . of Kings”: For a discussion of the linkage by S.-A. Ashton of the triple uraeus with Cleopatra and of Cleopatra’s possible motives for adopting this insignia, see her article in the
British Museum Occasional Paper
, no. 103, p. 26, and D. E. E. Kleiner’s
Cleopatra
and Rome
, pp. 140–42. The chief evidence for associating the triple uraeus with Cleopatra is provided by a piece of a limestone crown found in a shrine in a temple to Isis at Coptos by Sir Flinders Petrie, the front of which bears three uraei. Sally-Ann Ashton dismisses the view that the crown might have belonged to the earlier Ptolemaic queen Arsinoe II, arguing that evidence from relief carvings in the temple and from the crown itself suggest that the shrine was dedicated early in Cleopatra’s reign when she was sharing the throne with one of her two half brothers. She has also identified a blue glass intaglio in the British Museum depicting an Egyptian queen wearing a magnificent headdress with triple uraeus as a representation of Cleopatra and has linked this to a series of statues of a queen of the late Ptolemaic period, again prominently displaying the triple uraeus.

“was only . . . son”: DioCass.RH., XLIX.41.

And now . . . tolerate: The quotes in this paragraph are from Plu.Ant, 50 and 54.

Parts . . . done so: The quotes in this paragraph are from Suet.A, 69.

“at a feast . . . twelve . . . The gods . . . grain”: ibid., 70.

“like the slave . . . sale”: ibid., 69.

“that it . . . matters”: Plu.Ant, 56.

Whether bribed . . . decree: A papyrus granting land to Canidius Crassus is reproduced and translated in P. Jones,
Cleopatra: A Source Book
, pp. 205–6.

“carefully . . . Antony”: Josephus,
Antiquities
, XV.5.1.

“to her . . . possible”: ibid.

“Every practitioner . . . victories?”: Plu.Ant, 56.

“She left . . . war”: ibid., 57.

“diseased with desertion”: Velleius Paterculus,
Roman History
, II.83.

“one . . . world”: ibid., 85.

“the Egyptian . . . things”: DioCass. RH, XLVIII.24.

“a slave . . . Cleopatra”: ibid., XLIX.34.

“degenerated . . . monster . . . a crown . . . queen”: Florus,
Epitome of Roman History,
II.21.

“an enormity . . . ashamed”: Pliny the Elder,
Natural History
, XXXIII.50.

“to be . . . understood . . . our . . . Asiatic orators”: Suet.A, 86.

“Who would not . . . Egyptian”: DioCass.RH, L.25–7.

“We . . . eunuchs?”: ibid., 24–5.

“so as . . . wiles . . . no . . . treacherous”:
The Alexandrian
War,
24.

“he plays . . . lust”: DioCass.RH, L.27.

“unchastity . . . dear”: Luc.Phar, X, line 58.

“Antony . . . Nile”: Plutarch,
Comparison of Demetrius and Antony
, 3.

“as surely . . . Capitol”: DioCass.RH, L.5.

“And . . . curse”:
Oracula Sibyllina
, III.75 ff.

“the whole . . . way”:
Res Gestae Divi Augustus
, 25.

Geminius . . . from you”: Plu.Ant, 59.

“that Antony’s . . . deserted him”: DioCass.RH, L.4.

“Their . . . clothes”: Quoted E. Bradford,
Cleopatra,
p. 205.

“Who . . . way?”: DioCass.RH, L.9.

“Some . . . birds”: Plu.Ant, 60.

“all . . . knights . . . to demonstrate . . . people”: DioCass. RH, L.11.

“I like . . . traitors”: Quoted M. Foss,
The Search for Cleopatra,
p. 157.

“angered”: DioCass.RH, L.13.

“upset . . . deal . . . from . . . treachery”: Plu.Ant, 63.

“undermined . . . everything”: DioCass. RH, L.13.

“What . . . ladle?”: Plu.Ant, 62.

“the circus . . . civil wars”: Seneca (the Elder),
Suasoriae,
I.7.

“press-ganging . . . age”: Plu.Ant, 62.

“an infantry . . . stand”: ibid., 64.

“while it . . . a man”: ibid., 65.

“the fight . . . towers”: ibid., 66.

“doting mallard”: W. Shakespeare,
Antony and Cleopatra
, Act III, scene 10, line 20.

“roasted . . . ovens”: DioCass.RH, L.34.

“the wild . . . eunuchs”: Horace, “Ode,” I.37.

“a Roman . . . by sale”: Horace, “Epode,” IX.

“the leading . . . shrines”: DioCass.RH, LI.5.

“since . . . parents”: ibid., 6.

“His official . . . intact”: ibid.

“He . . . unharmed”: ibid., 8.

“rescued . . . danger”: Quoted M. Grant,
Cleopatra
, p. 223.

“a woman of insatiable sexuality”: DioCass.RH, LI.15

“wonderfully enhanced . . . beauty”: DioCass.RH, LI.12.

“to suck . . . wound”: Suet.A, 17.

Asp is a . . . Octavian: The information on the various effects of snakebite draws on Lucy Hughes-Hallett,
Cleopatra—Histories,
pp. 106–7, and her source, F. W. Fitzsimmons,
Snakes and the Treatment of Snakebite,
Cape Town, 1929.

“with the . . . queen”: Plu.Ant, 86.

“too . . . good thing”: ibid., 81.

“surpassed . . . magnificence”: DioCass.RH, LI.21.

“came . . . corpses . . . accustomed . . . cattle”: ibid., 16.

“They forgot . . . foreigners”: ibid., 21.

“did not . . . casually”: Suet.A, 84.

By now Rome . . . amulets: In the centuries following Cleopatra’s death, Egyptian and Roman art fused intriguingly in Alexandria. Catacombs built in the second century AD are decorated with carvings of cobras and of the Apis bull but also with Medusa heads. A tunic-clad figure of the god Anubis is depicted mummifying a body, while another figure of Anubis is figure of the god Anubis is depicted mummifying dressed as a Roman soldier.

“who refrained . . . woman”:

“a passion . . . wife”: ibid., 71.

In his
Pensées
: Pascal’s reflections on the size of Cleopatra’s nose are in
Pensées
ref. S. 32 (p. 6 of the edition listed in the bibliography). See also
Pensées
ref. S. 228 (p. 57).

“yours my Roman . . . intransigent”: Vergil,
Aeneid
, Book VI, lines 853ff.

Cicero,
Tusculum Disputations, Letters to Atticus, Letters to Friends, Quintilianus, On the Consular Provinces, On the Nature of the Gods, Philippics, Pro Sestio,
“Speech Before the Senate on His Return from Exile,” et al.

Dio Cassius,
Roman History

Diodorus Sicculus,
History

Florus,
Epitome of Roman History

Herodotus,
History

Horace,
Odes and Epodes

Josephus,
Antiquities, Wars of the Jews

Julius Caesar,
The Gallic Wars, The Civil Wars

Livy,
History of Rome

Lucan,
Pharsalia

Macrobius,
Saturnalia

Martial,
Poems

Ovid,
Art of Love, Amores

Pliny the Elder,
Natural History

Plutarch’s
Lives,
in particular those of Antony, Julius Caesar, Pompey, Brutus, Cato the Younger, Demetrius and Alexander

Sallust,
Conspiracy of Catiline

Seneca the Elder,
Suasoriae

Strabo,
Geography

Suetonius,
The Lives of the Twelve Caesars

Velleius Paterculus,
History of Rome

Vergil,
The Aeneid, Eclogues, Georgics

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Bradford, E.
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———.
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Braund, D., and C. Gill, eds.
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Carcopino, J.
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———.
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Connolly, P.
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Cook, S. A., F. E. Adcock, and M. P. Charlesworth, eds.
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Dupont, F.
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Empereur, J.-Y.
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Everitt, A.
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———.
The First Emperor
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Flamarion, E.
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Foreman, L.
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Foss, M.
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Gill, A.
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Goddio, F., and A. Bernand,
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Grant, M.
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———.
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. London: Routledge, 1995.

———.
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Hamer, M.
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Holland, R.
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Holland, T.
Rubicon
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Hughes-Hallett, L.
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Huzar, E. G.
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Jones, P.
Cleopatra: A Source Book
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Jones, P., and K. Sidwell, eds.
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Kleiner, D. E.
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Pascal, B.
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———.
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———. ed.
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Powell, A., ed.
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Richlin, A.
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Royster, F.
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Syme, R.
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Southern, P.
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Stadter, P. A., ed.
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Stanwick, P. A.
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Tannahill, R.
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———.
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Latomus

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