Concise Oxford Dictionary of Archaeology (747 page)
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Authors: Timothy Darvill
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Tripolye, Russia
[Si].
[Si].
trireme
[Ar].
[Ar].
The earliest type of Greek warship which used a battering ram in the prow as its main weapon. Named after the three banks of oars by which it was propelled, it was the standard warship of the 5th and 4th centuries
bc
.
bc
.
trivet
[Ar].
[Ar].
A ceramic, stone, or metal stand on which a cooking pot or kettle is stood for support or to protect an underlying surface.
trolling lure
[Ar].
[Ar].
A fishing device which is towed behind a moving boat.
trowelling
[Te].
[Te].
Excavation technique in which a mason's pointed trowel is used to shave thin slices of material from the floor or face of an excavation unit. At the start of an excavation the entire
TRENCH
floor may be cleaned several times by trowelling in different directions in order to identify the position, extent, and nature of archaeological features and their relationships.
TRENCH
floor may be cleaned several times by trowelling in different directions in order to identify the position, extent, and nature of archaeological features and their relationships.
Troy, Turkey
[Si].
[Si].
Large tell near Hissarlik on the Aegean coast of Asia Minor overlooking the Dardanelles, discovered by
HEINRICH SCHLIEMANN
in ad 1871 and proclaimed as the lost city of Troy referred to by
HOMER
in
The Illiad
. Schliemann excavated at the site between 1871 and 1890. The results from this and subsequent work, notably by Carl Blegen in the 1930s, allow the identification of seven successive cities, each with numerous subphases, spanning the period 3000 bc to 1000 bc.
Troy I dates to the period 3000 bc to 2500 bc and was a small settlement of 0.5ha defended by a mud-brick wall set on stone foundations. Houses of the period had built-in cupboards and sleeping platforms. Tin-bronze was introduced during Troy I. Late in the 4th millennium the site was destroyed.
Troy II, dated to 2500 bc to 2300 bc, was larger and wealthier than its predecessor, but the buildings were still modest in scale. Most were of
MEGARON
form. It was from this phase of the site that Schliemann recovered a massive hoard of nearly 9000 objects that have become known as the Treasure of Priam.
Troy III–V dates to the period 2300 bc down to 1900 bc. During this time the citadel grew in size, but was not especially wealthy.
Troy VI, broadly 1900 bc to 1350 bc saw a new fortification built around a town of 2ha. This was a wealthy town with evidence of trade with the
MYCENAEAN
centres of Greece. The defensive wall was of fine ashlar masonry with a pronounced batter. The destruction of the site around 1300 bc was probably the result of an earthquake.
Finally, Troy VII was probably the town that should be identified with Homer's Troy. It was destroyed in the mid 13th century
bc
, perhaps by Greeks fighting the Trojan War.
Around 700 bc the site was re-occupied by Greeks from Lemnos and, as Illium, became the capital of a league of cities in the coastal region of Anatolia formed in 306 bc. There were further prosperous times in the later Roman period before a period of decline and decay that led to the town's disappearance for many centuries.
[Sum.: C. Blegen , 1963,
Troy and the Trojans
. London: Thames & Hudson]
HEINRICH SCHLIEMANN
in ad 1871 and proclaimed as the lost city of Troy referred to by
HOMER
in
The Illiad
. Schliemann excavated at the site between 1871 and 1890. The results from this and subsequent work, notably by Carl Blegen in the 1930s, allow the identification of seven successive cities, each with numerous subphases, spanning the period 3000 bc to 1000 bc.
Troy I dates to the period 3000 bc to 2500 bc and was a small settlement of 0.5ha defended by a mud-brick wall set on stone foundations. Houses of the period had built-in cupboards and sleeping platforms. Tin-bronze was introduced during Troy I. Late in the 4th millennium the site was destroyed.
Troy II, dated to 2500 bc to 2300 bc, was larger and wealthier than its predecessor, but the buildings were still modest in scale. Most were of
MEGARON
form. It was from this phase of the site that Schliemann recovered a massive hoard of nearly 9000 objects that have become known as the Treasure of Priam.
Troy III–V dates to the period 2300 bc down to 1900 bc. During this time the citadel grew in size, but was not especially wealthy.
Troy VI, broadly 1900 bc to 1350 bc saw a new fortification built around a town of 2ha. This was a wealthy town with evidence of trade with the
MYCENAEAN
centres of Greece. The defensive wall was of fine ashlar masonry with a pronounced batter. The destruction of the site around 1300 bc was probably the result of an earthquake.
Finally, Troy VII was probably the town that should be identified with Homer's Troy. It was destroyed in the mid 13th century
bc
, perhaps by Greeks fighting the Trojan War.
Around 700 bc the site was re-occupied by Greeks from Lemnos and, as Illium, became the capital of a league of cities in the coastal region of Anatolia formed in 306 bc. There were further prosperous times in the later Roman period before a period of decline and decay that led to the town's disappearance for many centuries.
[Sum.: C. Blegen , 1963,
Troy and the Trojans
. London: Thames & Hudson]
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