Core Topics in General & Emergency Surgery: Companion to Specialist Surgical Practice (95 page)
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Authors: Simon Paterson-Brown MBBS MPhil MS FRCS
BOOK: Core Topics in General & Emergency Surgery: Companion to Specialist Surgical Practice
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N
Nasoenteric tubes,
315
315
National Association of EMS Physicians (NAEMSP), Air Medical Taskforce,
229–230
229–230
National Association of Health Authorities and Trusts (NAHAT) (UK),
17
17
National Association for the Welfare of Children in Hospital,
52–53
52–53
2001 plan,
41
41
Economic Evaluation Database (NHS EED),
5
5
Institute for Innovation and Improvement,
50
50
Management Executive’s value-for-money unit,
42
42
NHS Evidence (internet),
4
4
Quality Improvement Scotland,
12
12
Research and Development (R&D) Programme,
1
1
National Healthcare system, day surgery,
50
50
Clinical Guideline 92 - venous thromboembolism (VTE),
274b
274b
Diagnostic Assessment Programme (DAP),
12
12
Interventional Procedures Programme (IPP),
5
5
Medical Technologies Evaluation Programme (MTEP),
12
12
Medical Technology Guidance 3,
304
304
National Institute for Health Research (NIHR),
5
5
Health Technology Assessment programme (HTA),
5
5
National Library of Medicine (USA),
4
4
National Service Frameworks,
2
2
Natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES),
53
53
Neck procedures, head and,
51
51
Necrosis, pancreatic,
151
151
Necrotising enterocolitis (NEC),
222–223
222–223
Necrotising infection,
208
208
Neonatal period, surgical emergencies,
215–224
215–224
Neoplastic disease,
121
121
Neostigmine,
187
187
Nifedipine,
210
210
Nissen’s double-layer closure technique,
104
104
Nitrogen
balance,
313
313
disturbances,
319b
319b
sources,
318
318
Non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV),
300–301
300–301
Non-specific abdominal pain (NSAP),
84–86
84–86
Norfloxacin,
147
147
North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial,
3
3
Nottingham Health Profile (NHP),
28
28
Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine,
2
2
Numerical indication of risk,
288
288
Nutrients
supplementation,
322–325
322–325
Nutritional deficiencies,
356–357
356–357
O
Obesity,
271
271
causes,
344–345
344–345
Oesophageal atresia,
218
218
Oesophageal injury scale,
259t
259t
Oesophageal perforation,
105–110
105–110
classification,
105
105
management, non-operative,
107–108
107–108
surgical intervention,
108–110
108–110
immediate resection,
109–110
109–110
oesophageal exclusion/diversion,
109
109
Oesophagitis,
121
121
Ogilvie’s syndrome,
185
185
Omega-3 fatty acids,
322
322
Omental necrosis,
353–354
353–354
Omental repair technique,
102
102
‘On the balance of probabilities’, defined,
15
15
Onlay technique, mesh repair,
74
74
OPCS (classification of interventions and procedures) code,
42–43
42–43
O-POSSUM (oesophagogastric),
289
289
Opportunity cost, concept,
32
32
Opsite® sandwich technique,
240
240
Organ injury scaling systems,
240
240
Outcome, in healthcare delivery,
18
18
Outcome measures,
23–30
23–30
condition-specific,
25–26
25–26
health-related quality of life,
27–28
27–28
mortality,
24–25
24–25
pain,
26–27
26–27
patient-reported (PROMs),
26
26
quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs),
28–30
28–30
Ovary injury scale,
265t
265t
Oxygen delivery,
300–301
300–301
P
PACE (Promoting Action on Clinical Effectiveness),
17
17
Paediatric surgical emergencies,
215–228
215–228
neonatal period,
215–224
215–224
prenatal diagnosis,
215
215
infancy,
224–225
224–225
intussusception,
224–225
224–225
children,
225–227
225–227
fluid resuscitation,
226
226
trauma,
226–227
226–227
Pain, measurement,
26–27
26–27
Pancreas injury
scale,
259t
259t
Pancreatectomy,
152–153
152–153
Pancreatic abscess, defined,
142b
142b
Pancreatic necrosis, defined,
142b
142b
Pancreaticobiliary emergencies,
132–157
132–157
acute acalculous cholecystitis (ACC),
139–140
139–140
iatrogenic,
151–153
151–153
post-pancreatectomy haemorrhage,
152–153
See also
Acute cholangitis
Acute cholecystitis
Acute pancreatitis
Biliary colic
152–153
See also
Acute cholangitis
Acute cholecystitis
Acute pancreatitis
Biliary colic
Parathyroid surgery,
51
51
Parenteral nutritional (PN) support,
317–319
317–319
access routes,
317–318
317–318
delivery/administration,
319
319
nutrient solutions,
318–319
318–319
perioperative,
320–321
320–321
Pathological Society of London,
194
194
Patient Assessment Questionnaires (ePAQ),
26
26
Patient information,
294
294
leaflets,
47
47
Patient-related risk,
287
287
Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs),
26
26
Pelvic abscess,
175
175
Penicillin,
332
332
Penis injury scale,
266t
266t
cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2)-specific inhibitor,
103
103
gastric ulcers,
105
105
laparoscopic vs open repair,
104
104
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS),
102–103
102–103
prognosis,
100–101
100–101
Peptic Ulcer Perforation (PULP) score,
101
101
Peptic ulcers, bleeding
endoscopic management,
122–125
122–125
endoscopic treatment,
122–124
122–124
Hemospray®,
124
124
injection,
123
123
limit,
124
124
mechanical methods,
124
124
second-look,
124–125
124–125
single vs combined methods,
124
124
thermal methods,
123
123
pharmacological management,
125
125
acid suppression,
125
125
recurrent,
126–128
126–128
surgical management,
125–126
125–126
Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC),
141–142
141–142
Perfloxacin,
147
147
children,
208–209
208–209
clinical features,
205
205
secondary sepsis,
208
208
inflammatory bowel disease (IBD),
208
208
malignant disease,
208
208
necrotising infection,
208
208
treatment,
206–208
206–208
fistula-in-ano,
207–208
207–208
Perioperative/intensive care management,
298–306
298–306
cardiac response,
299
299
mortality rate,
298–299
298–299
outcomes, strategies for improvement,
300–302
300–302
cardiac output,
300–301
300–301
oxygen delivery,
300–301
300–301
postoperative complications,
300
300
splanchnic circulation,
300
300
Peripheral vascular organ injury scale,
267t
267t
Peripheral venous access,
318
318
Peritonitis,
164–167
164–167
generalised,
196
196
Pethidine,
48
48
Phlegmasia caerulea dolens,
275
275
Physiological function, assessment,
314
314
PICO (population, intervention, comparison, outcome), for questioning,
3
3
Piperacillin,
141
141
PLIP (Purchaser Led Implementation Projects),
17
17
Polymeric diets,
316
316
Polyribonucleotides,
322
322
Port problems,
353
353
infection,
353
353
leakage,
353
353
migration,
353
353
POSSUM (Physiological and Operative Severity Score for the enUmeration of Mortality and morbidity),
288
,
288b
288
,
288b
CR-POSSUM (colorectal),
288–289
288–289
O-POSSUM (oesophagogastric),
289
289
RAAA-POSSUM (ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms),
289–290
289–290
V-POSSUM (vascular),
289–290
289–290
Postoperative complications
variables,
300
300
Post-site hernias,
76
76
Pre-albumin,
313
313
Prenatal diagnosis,
215
215
Pringle’s manoeuvre,
244
244
Probabilistic sensitivity analysis (PSA),
36–37
36–37
Probiotic therapy,
150
150
Procedural-related risks,
286–287
286–287
Process, in healthcare delivery,
18
18
Prolactine,
309b
309b
PROPATRIA trial,
150
150
Prostatectomy,
51
51
assessment,
314
314
C deficiency, inherited,
270
270
metabolism,
308–309
308–309
S deficiency,
270
270
Prothrombin gene mutation,
270
270
Proton-pump inhibitors,
340
340
Puerperium, venous thromboembolism (VTE),
272
272
Pulmonary embolism (PE),
276
276
clinical presentation,
276
276
diagnostic methods,
278
278
investigations,
277–278
277–278
chest X-ray (CXR),
277
277
computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA),
277
277
echocardiography,
277
277
magnetic resonance imaging (MRI),
277
277
pregnancy,
277–278
277–278
ventilation/perfusion (V/Q) scanning,
277
277
Pyloroplasty, Finney,
104
104
PYTHON trial,
149–150
149–150
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