Core Topics in General & Emergency Surgery: Companion to Specialist Surgical Practice (96 page)
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Authors: Simon Paterson-Brown MBBS MPhil MS FRCS
BOOK: Core Topics in General & Emergency Surgery: Companion to Specialist Surgical Practice
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R
RAAA-POSSUM (ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms),
289–290
289–290
Radiation enteritis,
162
162
Radiography, abdominal trauma,
231
231
Radiological imaging
acute abdomen,
87–95
87–95
acute pancreatitis,
145
145
contrast,
87–91
87–91
Radionuclide imaging,
198
198
Random-effect model (meta-analysis),
9
9
Ranson scoring system,
145
145
Rating scales vs visual analogue scales (VAS),
29
29
Rectum injury scale,
261t
261t
Recurrent inguinal hernias,
70–71
70–71
Recurrent peptic ulcer bleeding,
126–128
126–128
Re-feeding syndrome,
314–315
314–315
Regional trauma systems,
230
230
Reliability, defined,
24
24
Remifentanil,
48
48
Renal function,
238–239
238–239
Renin,
309b
309b
Resources
evidence,
3–5
3–5
Respiratory function,
239
239
Respiratory muscle,
313
313
Resting metabolic rate (RMR),
292
292
Resuscitation, postoperative,
237
237
Retinol-binding protein,
313
313
Review Body for International Procedures (ReBIP),
5
5
Ribonucleic acid,
322
322
Richter hernia,
163
163
Risk
prediction models,
287–291
287–291
Ropivacaine,
49t
49t
Royal College of Psychiatrists,
4
4
Ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms (RAAAs),
289–290
289–290
S
Sandwich technique,
237
237
Scopinaro procedure,
347
347
Scoring systems,
287–291
287–291
SCOTIA study,
190
190
Scottish Medicines Consortium,
280
280
Scrotum injury scale,
266t
266t
Sedation,
48
48
Sedo-analgesia,
48
48
Self-expandable covered stents (SEMS),
108
108
Sensitivity analysis,
36–37
36–37
Sepsis
defined,
329b
329b
Septic shock, defined,
329b
329b
Serum proteins,
312–313
312–313
Severe acute pancreatitis, defined,
142b
142b
Severe sepsis, defined,
329b
329b
Short stay cases,
53
53
Shouldice technique,
69b
69b
Sickle cell disease,
47
47
Skeletal muscle,
313
313
Sleeve stenosis,
354
354
Small-bowel enterotomy,
354
354
Small-bowel injury scale,
260t
260t
causes,
159b
159b
management
initial,
159–160
159–160
non-operative,
160–161
160–161
mechanism,
158–159
158–159
presentation,
159
159
special conditions,
162–164
162–164
connective tissue disorders,
164
164
enterolith obstruction,
163–164
163–164
intestinal obstruction, postoperative,
164
164
intussusception,
164
164
malignant obstruction,
162–163
162–163
radiation enteritis,
162
162
operative principles,
161–162
161–162
Smoking,
45
45
SNAP (Sepsis, Nutrition, Anatomy, Procedure) fistula care,
339–340
339–340
Soave procedure,
219
219
Social factors,
44
44
Somatostatin,
120
120
Special formulations,
316
316
Spinal anaesthesia,
49
49
Splanchnic circulation,
300
300
Spleen injury
blunt,
250
250
scale,
258t
258t
Splenic infarction,
353
353
Standard gamble method,
29
29
Stasis,
269
269
Stercoral perforation,
194–195
194–195
diagnostic criteria,
195
195
Stomach injury scale,
260t
260t
Stoppa technique,
70
70
Strategic Health Authorities (SHAs),
50
50
STROBE statement (Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology),
7
7
Structure, in healthcare delivery,
18
18
Studies
applicability,
15
15
robustness of findings,
15
15
type/quality,
14
14
Subcutaneous fat thickness,
312
312
Subjective global assessment,
314–315
314–315
Submucosal tumours, endotherapy,
110
110
Subspecialisation, emergency general surgery,
83
83
Superficial thrombophlebitis (STP),
272
272
Superior mesenteric artery (SMA),
179–180
179–180
Surgical nutrition,
307–327
307–327
anthropometric measures,
312
312
biochemical measures,
312–313
312–313
function tests,
313
313
status assessment,
313–315
313–315
metabolic responses,
307–310
307–310
nutritional support,
315–320
315–320
acute pancreatitis,
321
321
bariatric patients,
354b
354b
enterocutaneous fistulas,
322
322
inflammatory bowel disease,
321–322
321–322
major burns,
322
322
monitoring,
320
320
multidisciplinary teams,
320
320
perioperative period,
320–321
320–321
routes,
315
315
Surgical risk,
286–297
286–297
biomarkers,
294
294
clinical assessment,
287
287
communicating risk,
294–296
294–296
definition, GMC,
286b
286b
prediction models/scoring systems,
287–291
287–291
Swenson procedure,
219
219
Systematic literature reviews,
8–9
8–9
T
Tariffs/commissioning,
54
54
Tazobactam,
141
141
Testis injury scale,
266t
266t
Testosterone,
309b
309b
Thermal methods, peptic ulcers,
123
123
Thiamine,
311b
311b
deficiency,
315b
315b
Thoracic vascular injury scale,
257t
257t
Threshold analysis,
36
36
Thrombocytopenia (HIT), heparin-induced,
271
271
Thrombolysis,
280
280
Thrombophlebitis (STP), superficial,
272
272
Thromboprophylaxis,
273–274
273–274
duration,
274
274
methods,
273
273
mechanical,
273
273
pharmacological,
273–274
273–274
Thyroid hormones,
309b
309b
Time trade-off method,
29
29
Tonsillectomies,
51
51
Toxic colitis,
193–194
193–194
Transferrin,
313
313
Transition zone, Hirschsprung’s disease (HD),
219
219
Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP),
51
51
Transverse colonic volvulus,
184
184
Trauma
anorectal,
211
211
children,
226–227
226–227
Travel, venous thromboembolism (VTE),
272
272
Tumours, mucosal/submucosal,
110
110
U
Ultrasound (US)
abdominal trauma,
232
232
venous,
276
276
Umbilical hernias,
61–63
61–63
infantile,
61–62
61–62
clinical presentation,
61
61
complications,
62
62
management,
61–62
61–62
operative details,
62
62
adult,
63
63
congenital,
61
61
clinical presentation,
61
61
management,
61
61
clinical presentation,
62
62
complications,
63
63
operative details,
62–63
62–63
Uncontrolled systemic cytokine release,
329
329
‘Unproven’, defined,
15
15
Upper gastrointestinal (UGI) tract, bleeding,
117–131
117–131
aetiology,
117–118
117–118
assessment/triage,
118–119
118–119
endoscopy,
120–121
120–121
technique,
120–121
120–121
blood/blood products,
119
119
massive haemorrhage,
119
119
pharmacological treatment,
120
120
management algorithm,
128f
128f
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS),
128
128
Upper gastrointestinal (UGI) tract, perforations,
100–116
100–116
corrosive,
110
110
duodenal/jejunal, ERCP,
110–112
110–112
endotherapy, mucosal/submucosal tumours,
110
110
Ureter injury scale,
263t
263t
Urethra injury scale,
264t
264t
Uterus injury scale
pregnant,
264t
264t
non-pregnant,
264t
264t
Utilities,
29–30
29–30
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