Crazy Horse and Custer: The Parallel Lives of Two American Warriors (82 page)

CHAPTER 18

1. Stanley Vestal,
   Sitting Bull: Champion of the Sioux
   (Norman, Okla., 1957), 250–51, a fine biography.
   

2. Ibid.; Utley,
   Frontier Regulars,
   236.
   

3. Utley,
   Frontier Regulars,
   242.
   

4. Vestal,
   Sitting Bull,
   125–30; Sandoz,
   Crazy Horse,
   273–74; Utley,
   Frontier Regulars,
   236, 242; Robinson,
   A History of the Dakota,
   401.
   

5. Hinman interview with Red Feather, Nebraska State Historical Society.
   

6. Ibid.; Hinman interview with He Dog, Nebraska State Historical Society; Sandoz,
   Crazy Horse,
   253–55.
   

7. Monaghan,
   Custer,
   339.
   

8. Utley,
   Frontier Regulars,
   242.
   

9. Lloyd Lewis,
   Sherman, Fighting Prophet
   (New York, 1932), 407.
   

10. Stanley’s letters are in Stanley,
    Personal Memoirs,
    238–39; Custer’s are in Custer Mss., Custer Battlefield National Monument, Crow Agency, Montana, and are reprinted in Merington,
    The Custer Story,
    248–50, and Elizabeth Custer,
    “Boots and Saddles,”
    225–30.
    

11. Elizabeth Custer,
    “Boots and Saddles,”
    232.
    

12. Stanley,
    Personal Memoirs,
    241.
    

13. Elizabeth Custer,
    “Boots and Saddles,”
    233.
    

14. Ibid., 257–58.
    

15. Stanley,
    Personal Memoirs,
    239.
    

16. Merington,
    The Custer Story,
    252.
    

17. Stanley,
    Personal Memoirs,
    240.
    

18. Elizabeth Custer,
    “Boots and Saddles,”
    230; Monaghan,
    Custer,
    343.
    

19. Stanley,
    Personal Memoirs,
    241.
    

20. Merington,
    The Custer Story,
    259.
    

21. Ibid., 265, 267.
    

22. Ibid., 258.
    

23. Ibid., 251.
    

24. Elizabeth Custer,
    “Boots and Saddles,”
    234.
    

25. Monaghan,
    Custer,
    345.
    

26. Ibid., 345–46; Custer’s battle report, reprinted in Elizabeth Custer,
    “Boots and Saddles,”
    237; Sandoz,
    Crazy Horse,
    275.
    

27. Custer’s battle report, in Elizabeth Custer,
    “Boots and Saddles,”
    237–38.
    

28. Ibid., 240.
    

29. Ibid., 238.
    

30. Ibid., 239.
    

31. Ibid., 239–40; Monaghan,
    Custer,
    347; Utley,
    Frontier Regulars,
    242–43.
    

32. Custer’s battle report, in Elizabeth Custer,
    “Boots and Saddles,”
    241–47.
    

33. Merington,
    The Custer Story,
    261.
    

34. Custer’s battle report, in Elizabeth Custer,
    “Boots and Saddles,”
    247–48.
    

CHAPTER 19

1. John F. Reiger, ed.,
   The Passing of the Great West: Selected Papers of George Bird Grinnell
   (New York, 1972), 79.
   

2. Robert V. Bruce,
   1877: Year of Violence
   (Indianapolis, 1959), Chap. 1.
   

3. Edgar I. Stewart,
   Custer’s Luck
   (Norman, Okla., 1955), 61; Sandoz,
   Crazy Horse,
   287.
   

4. Max E. Gerber, “The Black Hills Expedition of 1874: A New Look,”
   South Dakota History,
   June–July, 1970, 8.
   

5. Hyde,
   Red Cloud’s Folk,
   217.
   

6. Gerber, “The Black Hills Expedition,” 10; Monaghan,
   Custer,
   353; Reiger, ed.,
   The Passing of the Great West,
   81; Stewart,
   Custer’s Luck
   , 62–63.
   

7. Merington,
   The Custer Story,
   272–73; Monaghan,
   Custer,
   354–55; Gerber, “The Black Hills Expedition,” 11; Elizabeth Custer,
   “Boots and Saddles,”
   261.
   

8. Merington,
   The Custer Story,
   273; Gerber, “The Black Hills Expedition,” 10.
   

9. Gerber, “The Black Hills Expedition,” 12.
   

10. Monaghan,
    Custer,
    355; Gerber, “The Black Hills Expedition,” 12.
    

11. Merington,
    The Custer Story,
    275.
    

12. Reiger, ed.,
    The Passing of the Great West,
    105–6.
    

13. New York
    Tribune,
    August 28, 1874; Gerber, “The Black Hills Expedition,” 14; Monaghan,
    Custer,
    355.
    

14. Custer’s report was printed as Executive Document No. 32, 43d Congress, Second Session, Washington, D.C., 1874. Reprinted in Robinson,
    A History of the Dakota,
    289.
    

15. Reiger, ed.,
    The Passing of the Great West,
    106.
    

16. Gerber, “The Black Hills Expedition,” 19.
    

17. Bismarck
    Tribune,
    September 8, 1874.
    

18. Merington,
    The Custer Story,
    274.
    

19. Grouard, “An Indian Scout’s Recollections,” 70–72; Sandoz,
    Crazy Horse,
    284–86. All sources agree that Crazy Horse mourned his daughter deeply, but Grouard is the sole source for the claim that he went with Crazy Horse, and Grouard is not the most reliable witness.
    

20. Hinman interviews with He Dog, Red Feather, and others, Nebraska State Historical Society; Sandoz,
    Crazy Horse,
    290.
    

21. Whittaker,
    Custer,
    636; Monaghan,
    Custer,
    358–59; Frost,
    Custer Album,
    135–47, has some striking photographs taken that winter.
    

CHAPTER 20

1. Robinson,
   A History of the Dakota,
   416.
   

2. Hyde,
   Red Cloud’s Folk,
   253.
   

3. Sandoz,
   Crazy Horse,
   280.
   

4. Hyde,
   Red Cloud’s Folk,
   253.
   

5. Sandoz,
   Crazy Horse
   , 281.
   

6. Hyde,
   Red Cloud’s Folk,
   223.
   

7. Hinman interview with He Dog, Nebraska State Historical Society; Sandoz,
   Crazy Horse,
   222.
   

8. Olson,
   Red Cloud,
   177; Robinson,
   A History of the Dakota,
   414–15; Hyde,
   Red Cloud’s Folk,
   230–31.
   

9. Olson,
   Red Cloud,
   177–98.
   

10. Hyde,
    Spotted Tail’s Folk,
    210–11.
    

11. Olson,
    Red Cloud,
    203–4.
    

12. Sandoz,
    Crazy Horse,
    293.
    

13. Hyde,
    Spotted Tail’s Folk,
    213.
    

14. Hyde,
    Red Cloud’s Folk,
    243–44; Hyde,
    Spotted Tail’s Folk,
    213–14; Olson,
    Red Cloud,
    204–5.
    

15. Robinson,
    A History of the Dakota,
    418; Hyde,
    Spotted Tail’s Folk,
    214.
    

16. The fullest account is Robinson,
    A History of the Dakota,
    418–20; see also Hyde’s books and Olson,
    Red Cloud,
    204–12, which is the best analysis of the council.
    

17. Garnett interview, Ricker tablets, Nebraska State Historical Society.
    

18. Robinson,
    A History of the Dakota,
    420.
    

19. Ibid., 421; Utley,
    Frontier Regulars,
    246; Hyde,
    Red Cloud’s Folk,
    250.
    

20. Robinson,
    A History of the Dakota,
    422–23; Utley,
    Frontier Regulars,
    246–47; Hyde,
    Red Cloud’s Folk,
    250.
    

21. Hyde,
    Spotted Tail’s Folk,
    219; Olson,
    Red Cloud,
    214–20.
    

22. Utley,
    Frontier Regulars,
    246.
    

23. Hyde,
    Spotted Tail’s Folk,
    220.
    

24. Ibid., 221; Utley,
    Frontier Regulars,
    248; Sandoz,
    Crazy Horse,
    300–1.
    

25. Utley,
    Frontier Regulars,
    248.
    

26. Stewart,
    Custer’s Luck,
    120–21.
    

27. Elizabeth Custer,
    “Boots and Saddles,”
    207–9; Merington,
    The Custer Story,
    277.
    

28. Stewart,
    Custer’s Luck,
    123–28.
    

29. Ibid., 127; Monaghan,
    Custer,
    361.
    

30. Stewart,
    Custer’s Luck,
    121.
    

31. Monaghan,
    Custer,
    368.
    

32. Stewart,
    Custer’s Luck,
    121; Merington,
    The Custer Story,
    289.
    

33. Stewart,
    Custer’s Luck,
    121.
    

34. Merington,
    The Custer Story,
    294.
    

35. Ibid., 277.
    

36. Ibid.
    

37. Elizabeth Custer,
    “Boots and Saddles,”
    211–13.
    

38. Stewart,
    Custer’s Luck,
    124.
    

39. Merington,
    The Custer Story,
    284.
    

40. Ibid., 283–85, 291.
    

41. William B. Hesseltine,
    Ulysses S. Grant: Politician
    (New York, 1936), 395–96.
    

42. Merington,
    The Custer Story,
    293; for Custer’s testimony, see Stewart,
    Custer’s Luck,
    124–31.
    

43. Merington,
    The Custer Story,
    281.
    

44. Stewart,
    Custer’s Luck,
    132–33; Monaghan,
    Custer,
    367.
    

45. New York
    Herald,
    May 6, 1876, quoted in Stewart,
    Custer’s Luck,
    134.
    

46. St. Paul
    Pioneer-Press,
    May 11, 1876, quoted in Stewart,
    Custer’s Luck,
    135.
    

47. Stewart,
    Custer’s Luck,
    136.
    

48. Ibid., 135–37.
    

49. Quoted, ibid., 138.
    

50. This story appears in Orin G. Libby, ed.,
    The Arikara Narrative of the Campaign Against the Hostile Dakotas, June, 1876
    (North Dakota Historical
    Collections,
    VI, Bismarck, 1920), 58–63, and is based on Arikara sources. It is summarized in Stewart,
    Custer’s Luck,
    181.
    

51. Stewart,
    Custer’s Luck,
    138.
    

CHAPTER 21

1. Stewart,
   Custer’s Luck,
   188; Olson,
   Red Cloud
   , 219–22; Hyde,
   Red Cloud’s Folk,
   258–61.
   

2. Hinman interview with Short Buffalo, Nebraska State Historical Society; Sandoz,
   Crazy Horse,
   303–4; Stewart,
   Custer’s Luck,
   90.
   

3. Telegram, Lieutenant Ruhlen to Adjutant General, April 19, 1876, War Department Records, AGO, Division of the Missouri; Stewart,
   Custer’s Luck,
   90–91, 309; Olson,
   Red Cloud,
   217; Robinson,
   A History of the Dakota,
   423–24.
   

4. The best discussion is Stewart,
   Custer’s Luck,
   309–12; see also Hyde,
   Red Cloud’s Folk,
   261, and Utley,
   Frontier Regulars,
   255.
   

5. Vestal,
   Sitting Bull,
   146; Utley,
   Frontier Regulars,
   71.
   

6. Stewart,
   Custer’s Luck,
   192.
   

7. For a good discussion, see Vestal,
   Sitting Bull,
   142–43.
   

8. Stewart,
   Custer’s Luck,
   187.
   

9. Ibid., 192–95; Vestal,
   Sitting Bull,
   149–51.
   

10. Sandoz,
    Crazy Horse,
    314–15; Vestal,
    Sitting Bull,
    152–53; Hyde,
    Red Cloud’s Folk,
    263.
    

11. Elizabeth Custer,
    “Boots and Saddles,”
    270.
    

12. Ibid., 270.
    

13. Ibid., 274.
    

14. Ibid., 268.
    

15. Ibid., 270–71; Monaghan,
    Custer,
    370.
    

16. Stewart,
    Custer’s Luck,
    226.
    

17. Ibid., 201–2; Utley,
    Frontier Regulars,
    255; for an eyewitness account by a newspaperman of the ensuing battle, see John F. Finerty,
    War-Path and Bivouac: The Big Horn and Yellowstone Expedition,
    ed. by Milo M. Quaife (Chicago, 1955), 124–52.
    

18. Utley,
    Frontier Regulars,
    255.
    

19. Hyde,
    Red Cloud’s Folk,
    264.
    

20. David Mears, “Campaigning Against Crazy Horse,” Nebraska State Historical Society
    Publications,
    XV (1907), 68–77.
    

21. Hinman interview with Short Buffalo, Nebraska State Historical Society.
    

22. Sandoz,
    Crazy Horse,
    318–19.
    

23. Grinnell,
    The Fighting Cheyennes,
    336.
    

24. See Stewart,
    Custer’s Luck,
    204–6; Stands-in-Timber,
    Cheyenne Memories,
    186–87; Hyde,
    Red Cloud’s Folk,
    264; Sandoz,
    Crazy Horse,
    318–21; various Hinman interviews, Nebraska State Historical Society; Grinnell,
    The Fighting Cheyennes,
    334–45.
    

25. Utley,
    Frontier Regulars,
    256.
    

26. Stewart,
    Custer’s Luck,
    206.
    

27. Quoted, ibid., 234.
    

28. Ibid., 237.
    

29. Elizabeth Custer,
    “Boots and Saddles,”
    275.
    

30. Quoted in Stewart,
    Custer’s Luck,
    238.
    

31. Ibid., 285.
    

32. Ibid., 255.
    

33. Ibid., 249–50.
    

34. Elizabeth Custer,
    “Boots and Saddles,”
    275–76; Monaghan,
    Custer,
    376.
    

35. Brady,
    Indian Fights and Fighters,
    223.
    

36. Quoted in Stewart,
    Custer’s Luck,
    253.
    

37. W. A. Graham,
    The Custer Myth: A Source Book of Custeriana
    (Harrisburg, Pa., 1953), 135.
    

38. The following account of Custer’s march to the Little Bighorn is based on many sources, but primarily Stewart’s careful and exciting account in
    Custer’s Luck,
    263–82; see also Utley,
    Frontier Regulars,
    258–59; Monaghan,
    Custer,
    382–84; and especially Graham,
    The Custer Myth,
    135–38, which reprints Godfrey’s narrative.