Death of a Dissident (69 page)

privatization scandals and, 32, 34, 51, 53, 109, 110-11, 116, 123

Putin and, 3-4, 134-35, 156-59, 174, 177-78, 180-82, 195, 202

Russian economic crisis and, 139, 140

Skuratov scandal and, 157-58, 161

Tatarstan and, 87

Trofimov and, 73-74

“young reformers” in administration of, 111, 123, 155, 229-30

Yumashev fired by, 147

Yeltsin (Dyachenko), Tatyana, 33, 111, 144, 155, 171, 207

election of 1996 and, 65, 76, 80-81

election of 2000 and, 172, 181

loss of influence of, 204

Skuratov and, 161

Yesenin, Sergey, 260

Yuhanova, Nadezhda, 197

Yumashev, Valentin, 33, 62, 65, 75, 76, 80, 111, 126, 144, 147, 171

election of 2000 and, 181

Primakov and, 155

Putin and, 134-35, 198

Yuschenko, Viktor, 316, 320

Yushenkov, Sergei, 240, 241, 306

Moscow bombings investigation and, 249-50, 257-59, 262-64, 266, 281

Moscow theater siege investigation and, 274-75

murder of, 259-60, 275, 277-79, 348

Putin’s praise of, 277

U.S. trip of, 257-59, 273

Zakayev, Akhmed, 85-87, 280, 298

arrest and attempted extradition of, 291-96, 303-5

Basayev and, 312-13

Chechen oil pipeline reopening and, 113

Chechen peace accord and, 95, 100-103

deterioration of Russian-Chechen relations and, 151-54

Dudayev assassination and, 91, 92

extradition fight of, 299, 300, 301

as FSB target, 311, 328-29

Litvinenko and, 92-94, 287, 298, 305, 311, 317, 322-24, 325, 326, 328-29, 331-33, 339, 344

Litvinenko’s conversion to Islam and, 332-33

Moscow theater siege investigation and, 275

Politkovskaya murder and, 328-29

Raduyev and, 107-8

Rybkin and, 288-90, 294, 295, 307

second Chechen war and, 195-96, 260, 287, 312

Zarakhovich, Yuri, 251-52

Zhiguli automobiles, 30

Zhirinovsky, Vladimir, 63, 78, 194

Zinaida (Marina Litvinenko’s mother), 245

Zyuganov, Gennady, 33, 63-64, 69-71, 77, 78, 177

ALEX GOLDFARB, PH.D., was a dissident scientist who left Russia in the 1970s, joining the faculty of Columbia University. After the Soviet Union collapsed in 1991, he went to work for U.S. philanthropist George Soros directing charitable initiatives in Russia. He befriended Alexander Litvinenko in the 1990s. They became close when Goldfarb accompanied the ex-spy and his family in their dramatic escape to freedom in 2000. Goldfarb later helped Litvinenko work on his memoirs and supported his efforts to expose the abuses of the newly ascendant FSB. Goldfarb is currently the executive director of the International Foundation for Civil Liberties, set up by Boris Berezovsky as an umbrella group for human-rights activists.

MARINA LITVINENKO first met Alexander at her thirty-first birthday party, in 1993, when he was a young officer in the FSB. They married and she gave birth to a son soon thereafter. In 2000, the three of them sought asylum in the United Kingdom, and she continues to live in London with her twelve-year-old son.

Alexander (“Sasha”) Litvinenko with his mother in Nalchik, 1966. (
Courtesy of the author
)

The wedding of Sasha and Marina Litvinenko, October 14, 1994. (
Courtesy of the author
)

Sasha, Marina, and Tolik celebrate their first New Year’s Eve in London. (
Courtesy of the author
)

Sasha at Counterintelligence school. (
Courtesy of the author
)

Sasha, right, with Alexander Gusak during the siege of Pervomaisk, during the first Chechen War, 1996. (
Courtesy of the author
)

Negotiations in Chechnya. Yeltsin, Rybkin, Berezovsky, Udugov, Maskhadov, Zakayev. (
Courtesy of the author
)

Vladimir Gusinsky and Boris Berezovsky, 1996. (
Aleksander Potapov/Kommersant
)

George Soros at Davos. (
AP Images/Alessandro della Valle
)

Vladimir Putin at the Kremlin. (
KLIMENTYEV MIKHAIL/ITARTASS/Landov
)

Sasha Litvinenko’s 1998 press conference, denouncing corruption at the FSB, along with Viktor Shebalin. (
Sergei Kaptilkin/REUTERS/Landov
)