Disaster at Stalingrad: An Alternate History (40 page)

Woodman,
Arctic Convoys,
p. 200.

Woodman,
Arctic Convoys,
pp. 200-1.

Irving,
Destruction of Convoy PQ-17,
pp. 37-8.

Irving,
Destruction of Convoy PQ-17,
pp. 50-1, taken from Lieutenant Douglas Fairbanks, Jr., USNR: ‘Cruiser Covering Force June 25 to July 8, 1942’.

Douglas TBD Devastator,
wikipedia.org/wiki/TBD_Devastator
, accessed 6 March 2012.

Characteristics of aircraft aboard HMS Victorious and USS
Wasp:

Irving,
Destruction of Convoy PQ-17,
p. 19.

Woodman,
Arctic Convoys,
p. 201.

Irving,
Destruction of PQ-17,
pp. 65-6.

The caution of
P.614’s
captain may have due to the fact that his boat was one of four built for the Turkish Navy but retained by the Royal Navy when the war started.

Wragg,
Sacrifice for Stalin,
p. 144.

*Joseph P. Hartwell,
Aerial Predator: The Life of Josef ‘Pips’ Priller
(Boulder, CO: Air Force Academy Press, 1992), p. 129.

Woodman,
Arctic Convoys,
pp. 204-5.

Irving,
Destruction of Convoy PQ-17,
p. 105; Woodman,
Arctic Convoys,
p. 207.

Woodman,
Arctic Convoys,
pp. 208-9.

Irving,
Destruction of Convoy PQ-17,
p. 107.

*William H. Crowdon,
Brave Cruisers: The Cruiser Covering Force at the Battle of Bear Island
(London: Collins, 1958), p. 90.

*Franklin R. Miller,
Treason on the Troubador: Mutiny in the Face of the Enemy
(Annapolis: Naval Society Press, 1980), p. 138. The mutineers were returned to the United States at the conclusion of the Treaty of Dublin and the American citizens among them successfully prosecuted for treasonously aiding and abetting an enemy in wartime.

*Alexander Stuart,
Convoy Disaster
(Aberdeen: Highland University, 1963), p. 221.

Irving,
Destruction of Convoy PQ-17,
p. 214.

Irving,
Destruction of Convoy PQ-17,
pp. 184-6.

Wragg,
Sacrifice for Stalin,
pp. 148-9.

Tsouras,
Book of Military Quotations,
p. 27.

A comparison of armour on the German and American cruisers at the Battle of Bear Island:

*Crowdon,
Brave Cruisers,
pp. 83-4.

wikipedia.org
‘Battle of Drøbak Sound’, accessed 3 March 2012.

*Edwin Markham,
On HMS London at the Battle of Bear Island
(London: Charing Cross Publishers, 1983), p. 93.

*Hartwell,
Aerial Predator,
pp. 153-6.

*Rudolf Schumdt,
In the Wolfsschanze with Hitler: As Told by his Chief Adjutant
(New York: Harper et Doubleday, 1956), p. 232.

*Yelena Markova,
Hard as Men: Soviet Women in the War with Germany
(Moscow: Progress, 1978), p. 265.

*Schumdt,
Wolfsschanze,
p. 233.

10th U-Boat Flotilla,
wikipedia.org/wiki/10th_U-boat_Flotilla
, accessed 5 March 2012.

*Samuel Morison,
The Battle That Won the War for Germany
(Annapolis: Naval Society Press, 1955), p. 299.

*Morison,
The Battle That Won the War for Germany,
p. 370.

*Richard Sullivan,
USS Wainwright: Hero of the Battle of Bear Island
(Annapolis: Naval Association Press, 1963), p. 189.

*Steven J. Yablonsky,
The Cruiser Action at The Battle of 20° East
(Philadelphia: Appleton, 1986), p. 157.

*James R. Edison,
Rolf Carls: The Knightly Admiral
(London: Castlemere Publishers Ltd), p. 311. Carls’s rescue of so many British and American sailors made him the object of professional admiration in both countries to which he was welcomed after the war as a guest of their naval societies.

*Bruce W. Watson,
The Intelligence Duel at the Battles of Bear Island and Twenty East
(Washington, DC: Defence Intelligence University Press, 2010), p. 245.

*Robert C. Giffen,
The Battle of 20° East
(Boston: Liber Scriptus, 1952), p. 233.

Pope,
73 North,
p. 184.

*Dudley Patterson,
The Big George: The Story of the Battleship, USS Washington
(Norfolk, VA: Warships Press, 1955), p. 93. The Washington was the only battleship in WWII to sink two enemy battleships, one in each theatre of war. Off Guadalcanal in 1943 it sank the IJN
Kirishima
without taking a single hit.

*Hartwell,
Aerial Predator,
p. 142.

*Morison,
The Battle That Won the War for Germany,
p. 290.

Lieutenant David McCampbell would go on to become the US Navy’s top-scoring ace of World War II.

*Wilson J. Johnson,
Duel of the Titans: Washington versus Tirpitz
(New York: Gotham Publishers, 1960), p. 322.

*Morison,
The Battle That Won the War for Germany,
p. 376.

*Gerhardt von Kitzengen,
Der Schalcht bei 20° Ost
(Frankurt: Markbreit, 1976), p. 299.

*Harrison Kitteridge,
For Want of a Nail: The Closure of the Arctic Convoy Route to Russia
(New York: Mason Ɛt Chandler, 1995), pp. 322-34.

*Schumdt,
Wolfsschanze,
p. 287.

Kessel,
literally a kettle, but meaning in a military sense an encircled pocket of enemy forces.

Carell,
Stalingrad,
p. 63.

Carell,
Hitler Moves East,
p. 511.

Benôit Lemay,
Erich von Manstein: Hitler’s Master Strategist
(Philadelphia: Casemate, 2011), pp. 250-66.

Lemay,
Manstein,
pp. 34-8.
Mischlinge
was the Nazi term for Germans with a Jewish parent or grandparent.

Carell,
Stalingrad,
pp. 64-5.

Horst Scheibert,
Panzer-Grenadier Division Grossdeutschland
(Warren, MI: Squadron/Signal, 1977), pp. 7, 39-41.

NKVD - Narodnyi Kommissariat Vnutrennikh Del - People’s Commissariat for Internal Affairs - the Soviet secret police at the time of the Second World War.

Jones,
Stalingrad,
pp. 46-7.

Remaining at this point were USS
Ranger, Saratoga, Enterprise
and
Hornet.
The first of the Essex Class, the USS Essex, was commissioned in December 1942 and joined the fleet the next year. Also in 1943, the new USS
Yorktown, Intrepid
and
Hornet
joined the fleet in the Pacific.
Yorktown
and
Hornet
were named for the original ships lost at the battles of Midway and the Santa Cruz Islands.

*Edward W. Pruitt,
Strategic Command Decisions of World War II
(Washington, DC: Center for Military History, 1962), pp. 138-40.

Carell,
Stalingrad,
p. 63.

Jones,
Stalingrad,
pp. 23, 25.

Homer, tr. Robert Fagles,
The Iliad
(New York: Viking, 1990), 9.1-8.

Philipp von Boeselager,
Valkyrie: The Plot to Kill Hitler
(London: Phoenix, 2009), p. 72.

Matthew Hughes Ɛt Chris Mann,
Inside Hitler’s Germany: Life Under the Third Reich
(New York: MJF Books, 2000), p. 80.

Boeselager,
Valkyrie,
p. 74.

Chuikov,
Battle for Stalingrad,
pp. 18-19.

Jones,
Stalingrad,
p. 39.

Not to be confused with Rostov Veliki (Rostov the Great), a medieval city north of Moscow.

Carell,
Stalingrad,
p. 74.

Carell,
Stalingrad,
p. 78.

*Franz Halder,
Decision at Werewolf
(Frankfurt: Schiller, 1960), pp. 35-9.

*Erich von Manstein,
Desperate Victories
(New York: Steindorf, 1963), p. 131.

Craig,
Enemy at the Gates,
pp. 19-20.

Carell,
Hitler Moves East,
pp. 583-4.

Earl E. Zeimke,
Stalingrad to Berlin
(New York: Barnes Ɛt Noble, 1996), pp. 34, 39. Tank armies were made up of tank and mechanized corps, equivalent to panzer and panzergrenadier divisions.

Chuikov,
Battle for Stalingrad,
p. 31.

Stalin to Churchill, 23 July 1942,
Works,
Vol. 17, 1942,
www.revolutionarydemocracy.org/Stalin/v17_1942.htm
; accessed 30 March 2012.

Carell,
Hitler Moves East,
p. 587.

Chuikov,
Battle for Stalingrad,
pp. 33-6.

Jones,
Stalingrad,
p. 41.

V. I. Stalin,
Sochineniia,
Vol. 15 (Moscow, 1977), pp. 110-11.

^*
Gill, ‘Into the Caucasus’, pp. 150-1.