Drug War Capitalism (46 page)

30 Ibid.

31 Ibid., 5.

32 James
Munson, “Before the Rush: The Rancher’s Rebellion,”
Ipolitics.ca
,
http://www.ipolitics.ca/2013/03/04/before-the-rush-the-ranchers-rebellion-2/
. A board member for MAG Silver hinted that Solorio was involved in criminal activity—an insinuation that, in Mexico, is enough to suggest that victims of violence are somehow deserving of their fate.

33 Dan
MacInnis, personal communication, March 28, 2013.

34 Rogelio Agustín Esteban, “Investigan escalada de violencia en zona minera,” May 16, 2013, http://www.milenio.com/cdb/doc/noticias2011/9f20
e3acb061086cf7606c9c464e2422.

35 Notinfomex, “Guerrero: encuentran dos ejecutados en el KL. 170 de la carretera Iguala-Chilpancingo,” July 18, 2013, http://www.notinfomex.info/2013/07/guerrero-encuentran-dos-ejecutados-en.html.

36 Sergio Ocampo and Héctor Briseño, “La violencia en Tierra Caliente, por ‘alianza’ del gobierno con el hampa para explotar minas,”
La Jornada
, July 21, 2013, http://www.jornada.unam.mx/2013/07/21/politica/010n1pol.

37 Brisa Araujo, “Te sumas al narco, te vas, o te mueres: desplazados en Guerrero,”
Desinformemonos
, July 2013, http://desinformemonos.org/2013/07/te-sumas-al-narco-te-vas-o-te-mueres-desplazados-en-guerrero/.

38 Ibid.

39 Redacción, “Carbón, nueva actividad del narco en Coahuila: Moreira,”
El Universal
, October 26, 2012, http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/notas/879116.html.

40 Channel 4 News, “On the Trail of a Mexican Drug Lord,” January 28, 2014, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jX7dbLW-47M.

41 José Juan Estrada Serafín, “Estamos en defensa de nuestras familias y de la comunidad indígena: San Miguel Aquila,”
Subversiones
, June 2013, http://www.agenciasubversiones.org/?p=8080.

42 El Consejo de Autodefensa de Aquila, Michoacán, “Primer Comunicado del Grupo de Autodefensa de Aquila, Michoacán,” January 19, 2014, http://elenemigocomun.net/es/2014/01/autodefensa-aquila-michoacan/.

43 IDMC, “Briefing Paper By the Norwegian Refugee Council’s Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre on Forced Displacement in Mexico Due to Drug Cartel Violence,” December 2010, http://www.refworld.org/docid/4d2714522.html, 6.

44 Melissa del Bosque, “The Deadliest Place in Mexico,”
The Texas Observer
, February 29, 2013, http://www.theinvestigativefund.org/investigations/international/1615/the_deadliest_place_in_mexico/.

45 Prudential Real Estate Investors, “2011 Sustainability Report,” 2011, http://www3.prudential.com/prei/pdf/2011_PREI_Sustainability_Report.pdf, 19.

46 Sandra Rodríguez, “Nueva ciudad en San Agustín,” April 19, 2011, http://zuelos.com/blog/nueva-ciudad-en-san-agustin/.

47 Diana Washington, “$400M Development Planned for Area in Juárez Valley,”
El Paso Times
, May 23, 2011, http://www.elpasotimes.com/ci_18118303.

48 Harold L. Sirkin, Michael Zinser, and Douglas Hohner, “Made in America, Again Why Manufacturing Will Return to the U.S.,”
BCG.com
, August 2011, http://www.bcg.com/documents/file84471.pdf, 12.

49 Sandra Rodríguez, “Demandan no convertir en otro Riberas del Bravo a San Agustín,”
El Diario de Juárez
, April 20, 2011, http://www.skyscrapercity.com/showthread.php?p=75966555.

50 Nicholas Casey and Alexandra Berzon, “Mexico Tourism Feels Chill of Ongoing Drug Violence,”
Wall Street Journal
, June 8, 2011, http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10001424052702304432304576367710290674534.

51 Adriana Covarrubias, “Confirman violación a seis turistas españolas en Acapulco,”
El Universal
, February 4, 2013, http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/notas/900731.html.

52 Gay Nagel Myers, “Acapulco Fights Image Woes as It Seeks Return to Glory,”
Travel Weekly
, May 16, 2012, http://www.travelweekly.com/Mexico-Travel
/Acapulco-fights-image-woes-as-it-seeks-return-to-glory/.

53 Ibid.

54 Dolia Estevez, “Can Billionaire Carlos Slim Return Acapulco to its Past Glory?,”
Forbes
, February 12, 2013, http://www.forbes.com/sites/doliaestevez
/2013/02/12/can-billionaire-carlos-slim-return-acapulco-to-its-past-glory/.

55 Castillo García, “Tamaulipas enfrenta diáspora de ganaderos por causa del narco,”
La Jornada
, November 13, 2010, http://www.jornada.unam.mx/2010/11/13/index.php?section=politica&article=003n1pol.

56 Editor, “Otros ganaderos abandonan sus ranchos en Tamaulipas,”
Milenio
, November 24, 2010, http://www.milenio.com/cdb/doc/noticias2011/d9733f1d182257206a2cdeac4ff310a5.

57 Los Zetas have forcibly recruited Central Americans, in addition to Guatemalan special forces who work with the cartels.

58 Donna Chollett, “From Sugar to Blackberries: Restructuring Agro-export Production in Michoacán, Mexico,”
Latin American Perspectives
36, no. 3 (May 2009): 79.

59 Aguilar Valenzuela, Rubén, “Cártel de los Valencia,”
El Economista
, August 30, 2011, http://eleconomista.com.mx/columnas/columna-especial-politica
/2011/08/30/cartel-valencia.

60 The first state where Felipe Calderón sent troops was Michoacán, his home state.

61 Arturo Cano, “‘Me llaman templario mayor por revancha política’, asegura alcalde de Tepalcatepec,”
La Jornada
, February 8, 2014, 9.

62 Humberto Padgett, “Aguacate: el ‘oro verde’ de los Templarios,”
Sin Embargo
, October 11, 2013, http://www.sinembargo.mx/11-10-2013/780868.

63 Marcela Salas Cassani, “Hablan las mujeres de Cherán, protagonistas de la insurrección,”
Desinformemonos
, April, 2012, http://desinformemonos.org/2012/04/mujeres/.

64 Administrador, “Fotos limoneros emboscados por los Caballeros Templarios,” April 10, 2013, http://www.historiasdelnarco.com/2013/04/fotos-limoneros
-emboscados-por-los.html.

65 La Policiaca, “Veta crimen a limoneros,” April 14, 2013, http://www.lapoliciaca
.com/nota-roja/veta-crimen-a-limoneros/.

66 Redaccion, “Acusan a guardias comunitarias de Michoacán de obedecer al Cártel de Jalisco,”
Proceso
, May 2, 2013, http://www.proceso.com.mx/?p=340789.

67 Paula Chouza, “El infierno también está en Michoacán,”
El Pais
, October 28, 2013, http://internacional.elpais.com/internacional/2013/10/28/actualidad
/1382921848_799992.html.

68 Ibid.

69 Patrick
Corcoran, “Counterinsurgency is not the Answer for Mexico,”
InSight Crime
, September 26, 2011,
http://www.insightcrime.org/news-analysis/counterinsurgency-is-not-the-answer-for-mexico.

CHAPTER 7: DRUG WAR CAPITALISM IN GUATEMALA

1 FAO, “The Continuing Need for Land Reform: Making the Case for Civil Society,” FAO Land Tenure Series: Concept Paper, volume 1, http://www.landcoalition.org/sites/default/files/legacy/legacydocs/odfaomon2guate.htm.

2 Mexican painter Diego Rivera depicts the scene in a painting titled “Gloriosa Victoria”: Allen Dulles, who was on the board of the United Fruit Company, stands beside his brother John Foster, the US secretary of state, who shakes the hand of Castillo Armas, Washington’s choice for president. A bomb in front of the men is painted with the face of Dwight Eisenhower, then president of the United States. The US ambassador and the Archbishop of Guatemala stand by, giving their blessings to the coup. In the background, Guatemalan laborers carry stems of bananas onto a waiting cargo ship; the foreground is littered with dead bodies. Ernesto “Ché” Guevara, who was in Guatemala when the coup took place, fled to the relative safety of Mexico with other progressives, and it was there he would meet Fidel Castro.

3 Luis Solano, “En manos de quién estará la seguridad en el futuro gobierno PP?,”
Enfoque
, November 28, 2011, http://www.albedrio.org/htm/documentos/EnfoqueAnalisisSituacion182011.pdf, 5.

4
Dawn Paley, “Conflict, Repression, and Canadian Mining & Oil Companies in Guatemala,” May 14, 2012,
http://dawnpaley.tumblr.com/post/23043137951/conflict-repression-and-canadian-mining-oil.

5 Paula Worby, “America’s Country of Origin Series: Guatemala Background Paper,” United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, October 2013, http://www.refworld.org/pdfid/53832fe84.pdf, 14.

6 InSight Crime, “Special Series: The Zetas in Guatemala,”
InSight Crime
, September 2011, http://www.insightcrime.org/special-series/the-zetas-in
-guatemala.

7 Romina
Ruiz-Goireina and Martha Mendoza, “200 US Marines Join Anti-Drug Effort in Guatemala,” August 29, 2012,
http://bigstory.ap.org/article
/200-us-marines-join-anti-drug-effort-guatemala.

8
CNN Wire Staff, “Guatemala’s President Calls on Troops to ‘Neutralize’ Organized Crime,” January 16, 2012,
http://articles.cnn.com/2012-01-16/americas/world_americas_guatemala-military_1_alta-verapaz-peten-civil
-war?_s=PM:AMERICAS.

9
Rodrigo Baires Quezada, “Presupuesto: más represión que investigación y justicia,”
Plaza Publica
,
November 7, 2012
, http://www.plazapublica.com.gt/content/presupuesto-mas-represion-que-investigacion-y-justicia.

10
Department of Defense, “Western Hemisphere Defense Policy Statement,” October 2012,
http://www.defense.gov/news/WHDPS-English.pdf, 6.

11
Ibid., 8.

12 Annie
Bird and Alex Main, “Collateral Damage in the Drug War: The May 11 Killings in Ahuas and the Impact of the US War on Drugs in La Moskitia, Honduras,” August 2012,
http://www.cepr.net/documents/publications/honduras-2012-08.pdf, 20.

13 Carlos
Hernández, “Estados Unidos concluye ‘Operación Martillo’ en el país,”
Diario de Centro América
,
October 23, 2012,
http://www.dca.gob.gt/index.php/template-features/item/5940-estados-unidos-concluye-%E2%80%9Coperaci
%C3%B3n-martillo%E2%80%9D-en-el-pa%C3%ADs.html
. Further proof of the whereabouts of US Marines during Operation Martillo is based on visual evidence posted
by
US Southern
Command and the US
Embassy
in
Guatemala.
Note that
the
image
of
Santa
Elena is mislabeled
with the dateline
RETALHULEU:
http://www.flickr.com/photos/ussouthcom/7979820592/in/photostream/. The same dateline issue appears here: http://www.2ndmaw.marines.mil/Photos
.aspx?mgqs=2207160. Puerto Quetzal: http://www.flickr.com/photos/ussouth
com/7979821816/in/photostream. Guatemala City: http://www.flickr.com/photos/usembassyguatemala/sets/72157631809378179/.

14 The media silence around the deployment of US combat troops to Guatemala has been deafening. To illustrate, a
Los Angeles Times
article purporting to review US involvement in anti-narcotics activities in Central America left it out entirely. See: Tracy Wilkinson and Richard Fausset, “US Gingerly Expands Security Role in Central America,”
Los Angeles Times
, December 4, 2012, http://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/world/la-fg-us-central-america-20121205,0,7198665,full.story.

15
The original 1949, 1954, and 1955 agreements (in Spanish) are available here:
https://s3.amazonaws.com/TowardsFreedom/1949+agreement.pdf; https://s3.amazonaws.com/TowardsFreedom/1954+agreement.pdf; https://s3.amazo
naws.com/TowardsFreedom/1955+Agreement.pdf

16
Organismo Ejecutivo. “Acuerdo por Canje de Notas entre el Gobierno de la Republica de Guatemala y el Gobierno de Estados Unidos de America Relativo a la Operacion Martillo,”
Diario de Centro América
18, tomo CCXCV (August 20, 2012),
https://s3.amazonaws.com/TowardsFreedom/Canje+De+Notas+Martillo+2012.pdf.

17
Ibid. Recall that, in February 2011, a US Air Force cargo plane arriving in Argentina for joint police training exercises was found to contain weapons and morphine that were not declared by the US soldiers: CNN Wire Staff, “Cargo Sparks Dispute between Argentina, US,” February 16, 2011,
http://www.cnn.com/2011/WORLD/americas/02/15/argentina.us.spat/index.html
. The agreement allowing US Marines arriving in Guatemala prevents Guatemalan agents from revising the contents of aircraft or other vehicles entering the country.