Einstein (127 page)

26
. Michelmore, 95; Fölsing, 485.

27
. Einstein to Heinrich Zangger, Dec. 24, 1919.

28
. Einstein, “My First Impressions of the U.S.A.,”
Nieuwe Rotterdamsche Courant
, July 4, 1921, CPAE 7, appendix D; Einstein 1954, 3–7.

29
. Einstein, “Einstein on His Theory,”
The Times
of London, Nov. 28, 1919.

30
. Einstein to Hedwig and Max Born, Jan. 27, 1920; Einstein to Arthur Eddington, Feb. 2, 1920. Einstein graciously told an embarrassed Eddington, “The tragicomical outcome of the medal affair [is] insignificant compared to the self-sacrificing and fruitful labors you and your friends devoted to the theory of relativity and its verification.”

31
. Frida Bucky, quoted in Brian 1996, 230.

32
. Einstein, “The World as I See It” (1930), in Einstein 1954, 8. A different translation is in Einstein 1949a, 3.

33
. This appraisal appears with slight variations in Infeld, 118; Infeld, “To Albert Einstein on His 75th Birthday,” in Goldsmith et al., 25; and in the
Bulletin of the World Federation of Scientific Workers
, July 1954.

34
. Editorial note by Max Born in Born 2005, 127.

35
. Abraham Pais, “Einstein and the Quantum Theory,”
Reviews of Modern Physics
(Oct. 1979). See also Pais, “Einstein, Newton and Success,” in French, 35; Pais 1982, 39.

36
. Einstein, “Why Socialism?,”
Monthly Review
, May 1949, reprinted in Einstein 1954, 151.

37
. Erik Erikson, “Psychoanalytic Reflections on Einstein’s Centenary,” in Holton and Elkana, 151.

38
. This idea is from Barbara Wolff of the Einstein archives at Hebrew University.

39
. Levenson, 149.

40
. Einstein to Paul Ehrenfest, Jan. 17, 1922; Fölsing, 482.

41
. Einstein to Eduard Einstein, June 25, 1923, Einstein family correspondence trust, unpublished, letter in possession of Bob Cohn, who provided me a copy. Cohn is a collector of Einstein material. The letters in his possession have been translated by Dr. Janifer Stackhouse. I am grateful for their help.

42
. Michelmore, 79.

43
. Einstein to Mileva Mari
, May 12, 1924, AEA 75-629.

44
. Einstein to Michele Besso, Jan. 5, 1924, AEA 7-346; Einstein to Hans Albert Einstein, Mar. 7, 1924.

45
. Einstein to Heinrich Zangger, Mar. 1920; Fölsing, 474; Highfield and Carter, 192; Clark, 243.

46
. Paul Johnson,
Modern Times
(New York: HarperCollins, 1991), 1–3. This section is adapted from an essay I wrote when Einstein was chosen as
Time’s
Person of the Century: “Who Mattered and Why,”
Time
, Dec. 31, 1999. For a critique of this idea, which I also draw on in this section, see David Greenberg, “It Didn’t Start with Einstein,”
Slate
, Feb. 3, 2000, www.slate.com/id/74164/. Miller 2001 is also an important resource.

47
. Charles Poor, professor of celestial mechanics, Columbia University, in the
New York Times
, Nov. 16, 1919.

48
.
New York Times
, Dec. 7, 1919.

49
. Isaiah Berlin, “Einstein and Israel,” in Holton and Elkana, 282. See also, from his stepson-in-law Reiser, 158: “The word relativity was confused in lay circles and, today, is still confused with the word relativism. Einstein’s work and personality, however, are far removed from the ambiguity and the concept of relativism, both in the theory of knowledge and in ethics . . . Ethical relativism, which denies all the generally obligatory moral norms, totally contradicts the high social idea which Einstein stands for and always follows.”

50
. Haldane, 123. For a contemporary book treating, in more sophisticated depth, many of the same topics, and sharing a title, see Ryckman 2005.

51
. Frank 1947, 189–190; Clark, 339–340.

52
. Gerald Holton, “Einstein’s Influence on the Culture of Our Time,” in Holton 2000, 127, and also Holton and Elkana, xi.

53
. Miller 2001, especially 237–241.

54
. Damour 34; Marcel Proust to Armand de Guiche, Dec. 1921.

55
. Philip Courtenay, “Einstein and Art,” in Goldsmith et al., 145; Richard Davenport-Hines,
Proust at the Majestic
(New York: Bloomsbury, 2006).

CHAPTER THIRTEEN: THE WANDERING ZIONIST

1
.
The Times
of London, Nov. 28, 1919.

2
. Kurt Blumenfeld, “Einstein and Zionism,” in Seelig 1956b, 74; Kurt Blumenfeld,
Erlebte Judenfrage
(Stuttgart: Verlags-Anstalt, 1962), 127–128.

3
. Einstein to Paul Epstein, Oct. 5, 1919.

4
. Einstein to German Citizens of the Jewish Faith, Apr. 5, 1920, CPAE 7: 37.

5
. Einstein, “Anti-Semitism: Defense through Knowledge,” after Apr. 3, 1920, CPAE 7: 35.

6
. Einstein, “Assimilation and Anti-Semitism,” Apr. 3, 1920, CPAE 7: 34. See also Einstein, “Immigration from the East,” Dec. 30, 1919, an article in
Berliner Tageblatt
, CPAE 7:29.

7
. Einstein, “Anti-Semitism: Defense through Knowledge,” after Apr. 3, 1920, CPAE 7: 35; Hubert Goenner, “The Anti-Einstein Campaign in Germany in 1920,” in Beller et al., 107.

8
. Elon, 277.

9
. Hubert Goenner, “The Anti-Einstein Campaign in Germany in 1920,” in Beller et al., 121.

10
.
New York Times
, Aug. 29, 1920.

11
. Frank 1947, 161; Clark, 318; Fölsing, 462; Brian 1996, 111.

12
. “Einstein to Leave Berlin,”
New York Times
, Aug. 29, 1920; the story, datelined Berlin, begins, “Local newspapers state that Professor Albert Einstein will leave the German capital on account of the many unfair attacks made against his relativity theory and himself.”

13
. Einstein, “My Response,” Aug. 27, 1920, CPAE 7: 45.

14
. See, in particular, Philipp Lenard to Einstein, June 5, 1909.

15
. Einstein, “My Response,” Aug. 27, 1920, CPAE 7: 45.

16
. Seelig 1956a, 173.

17
. Hedwig Born to Einstein, Sept. 8, 1920.

18
. Paul Ehrenfest to Einstein, Sept. 2, 1920.

19
. Einstein to Max and Hedwig Born, Sept. 9, 1920.

20
. Einstein to Paul Ehrenfest, before Sept. 9, 1920.

21
. Arnold Sommerfeld to Einstein, Sept. 11, 1920.

22
. Jerome, 206–208, 256–257.

23
. Born 2005, 35; Einstein to Max Born, Oct. 26, 1920.

24
. Clark, 326–327; Fölsing, 467; Bolles, 73.

25
. Fölsing, 523; Adolf Hitler,
Völkischer Beobachter
, Jan. 3, 1921.

26
.
Dearborn
(Mich.)
Independent
, Apr. 30, 1921, on display at the “Chief Engineer
of the Universe” exhibit, Kronprinzenpalais, Berlin, May–Sept. 2005. A headline at the bottom of the page reads, “Jew Admits Bolshevism!”

27
. Einstein to Paul Ehrenfest, Nov. 26, 1920, Feb. 12, 1921, AEA 9-545; Fölsing, 484. The Einstein letters after 1920 have not yet been published in the CPAE series, and I identify these unpublished letters by the Albert Einstein Archives (AEA) call numbers.

28
. Clark, 465–466.

29
. Einstein to Maurice Solovine, Mar. 8, 1921, AEA 9-555.

30
. Einstein statement to Abba Eban, Nov. 18, 1952, AEA 28-943.

31
. Fritz Haber to Einstein, Mar. 9, 1921, AEA 12-329.

32
. Einstein to Fritz Haber, Mar. 9, 1921, AEA 12-331.

33
. Seelig 1956a, 81; Fölsing, 500; Clark, 468.

34
.
New York Times
, Apr. 3, 1921.

35
. Illy, 29.

36
.
Philadelphia Public Ledger
, Apr. 3, 1921.

37
. These quotes and descriptions are taken from the Apr. 3, 1921, stories in the
New York Times, New York Call, Philadelphia Public Ledger
, and
New York American
.

38
. Weizmann, 232.

39
. “Einstein Sees End of Time and Space,”
New York Times
, Apr. 4, 1921.

40
. “City’s Welcome for Dr. Einstein,”
New York Evening Post
, Apr. 5, 1921.

41
. Talmey, 174.

42
.
New York Times
, Apr. 11 and 16, 1921.

43
. The memorial, at the corner of Constitution Avenue and Twenty-second Street N.W.near the Mall, is a hidden treasure of Washington.(See picture on p.605.) The sculptor was Robert Berks, who also did the bust of John Kennedy at the Kennedy Center nearby, and the landscape architect was James Van Sweden. On the tablet that Einstein holds are three equations, describing the photoelectric effect, general relativity, and of course
E=mc
²
. On the marble steps where the statue reclines are three quotes, including: “As long as I have any choice in the matter, I shall live only in a country where civil liberty, tolerance, and equality of all citizens before the law prevail.” See www.nasonline.org.

44
.
Washington Post
, Apr. 7, 1921;
New York Times
, Apr. 26 and 27, 1921; Frank 1947, 184. An account of the Academy dinner by Caltech astronomer Harlow Shapley is at the Einstein papers in Pasadena.

45
. Charles MacArthur, “Einstein Baffled in Chicago: Seeks Pants in Only Three Dimensions, Faces Relativity of Trousers,”
Chicago Herald and Examiner
,May 3, 1921.

46
.
Chicago Daily Tribune
, May 3, 1921.

47
. Memorandum of Agreement, Einstein and Princeton University Press, May 9, 1921. The deal was an exclusive one; no other venue in the United States was permitted to publish any of his lectures. The four lectures appeared as
The Meaning of Relativity
. It is now in its fifth edition.

48
.
Philadelphia Evening Bulletin
, May 14, 1921.

49
. Einstein to Oswald Veblen, Apr. 30, 1930, AEA 23-152. Pais 1982, 114, gives
a history of this phrase, which is recounted in a memo prepared for the Einstein archives by Einstein’s secretary Helen Dukas. The fireplace is in room 202, the faculty lounge of what is now called Jones Hall at Princeton and was earlier known as Fine Hall, until that name moved to a newer math building.