Eleanor de Montfort: A Rebel Countess in Medieval England (31 page)

29
  

That the Marshal had, indeed, considered taking other brides is confirmed by a papal mandate issued on 16 June 1222: ‘Regesta 11: 1220–1222’ in
Calendar of Papal Registers relating to Great Britain and Ireland, Volume 1, 1198–1304
, ed. W. H. Bliss (1893). London: HMSO, p. 88, available online at
http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=96004
, accessed on 14 March 2010.

30
  

Royal Letters
, i, pp. 244–6 no. CCXI, esp. p. 244; Carpenter,
The Minority
, p. 245.

31
  

Carpenter,
The Minority
, p. 245.

32
  

Royal Letters
, i, pp. 244–6 no. CCXI, esp. p. 244; Carpenter,
The Minority
, p. 247.

33
  

Carpenter,
The Minority
, pp. 247–8.

34
  

‘Annales prioratus de Dunstaplia’, p. 68; Carpenter,
The Minority
, p. 247.

35
  

Royal Letters
, i, pp. 244–6 no. CCXI, esp. p. 245.

36
  

‘Regesta 11: 1220–1222’, in
Calendar of Papal Registers, Volume 1: 1198–1304
, p. 88. The process of securing the consent of a number of leading figures, including the king’s uncle, the Earl of Salisbury, might well have been facilitated by a series of generous royal grants from the summer of 1220 onwards: Carpenter,
The Minority
, p. 246.

37
  

Royal Letters
,
i, pp. 244–6 no. CCXI, esp. p. 245; Powicke,
Henry III
, i, p. 158.

38
  

Carpenter,
The Minority
, pp. 271–2;
Royal Letters
, i, pp. 244–6 no. CCXI, esp. p. 245.

39
  

Royal Letters
, i, pp. 244–6 no. CCXI, esp. p. 245; Powicke,
Henry III
, p. 157.

40
  

Holt,
Magna Carta
, p. 453 (appendix 6).

41
  

At the time of this marriage, de Burgh had not yet attained the rank of earl; he was granted the earldom of Kent in 1227: F. J. West (2004), ‘Burgh, Hubert de, Earl of Kent (c.1170–1243)’,
ODNB
, available online at
http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/3991
, accessed on 15 April 2010; W. W. Scott (2004), ‘Margaret, Countess of Kent (1187x95–1259)’,
ODNB
, available online at
http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/49377
, accessed on 15 April 2010.

42
  

Upon his return to England in 1226, Salisbury complained directly to the king that the justiciar had sent ‘a man of low birth … to contract an adulterous marriage with her [his wife] by force’:
Wendover
, ii, pp. 294–5, 297–8.

43
  

Royal Letters
, i, pp. 244–6, no. CCXI, esp. p. 246.

44
  

Wendover
, ii, p. 270; ‘Annales de Dunstaplia’, pp. 82–3; Walker, ‘Hubert de Burgh and Wales’, 474.

45
  

PR, 1216–25
, pp. 413–14; Walker, ‘Hubert de Burgh and Wales’, 475.

46
  

Royal Letters
, i, pp. 244–6 no. CCXI, esp. p. 246. Philip’s daughter, Marie, had married Philip, Marquis of Namur, and his sister, Alice, had married the Count of Ponthieu:
Catalogue des actes de Philippe-Auguste
, ed. L. Delisle (1856). Paris: Auguste Durand, p. 230 nos 1001, 1002 (marriage of Marie); D. Power (2004),
The Norman Frontier in the Twelfth and Early Thirteenth Centuries
. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, p. 168 n. 127 (marriage of Alice).

47
  

Royal Letters
, i, pp. 244–6 no. CCXI, esp. p. 246. In 1223, Agnes of Beaujeu, the eldest daughter of Guichard of Beaujeu by Sibyl of Hainaut, the sister of Isabella (the first wife of Philip Augustus), and therefore a cousin of Louis VIII, married Count Thibaut (IV) of Champagne: T. Evergates (1999), ‘Aristocratic Women in the County of Champagne’, in idem (ed.),
Aristocratic Women in Medieval France
. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press, pp. 74–110, at p. 80; C. B. Bouchard (1987),
Sword, Miter and Cloister: Nobility and the Church in Burgundy, 980–1198
. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, p. 294 (Appendix A: Family Trees).

48
  

Royal Letters
, i, pp. 244–6 no. CCXI, esp. p. 246.

49
  

L’histoire de Guillaume le Maréchal
, ed. P. Meyer (1891–1901). Paris: La sociéte de l’histoire de France, 3 vols, iii, pp. ii-xix; Crouch,
William Marshal
, pp. 1–2. For the most recent edition of this text, see
History of William Marshal
, ed. A. J. Holden (2002–6), trans. S. Gregory, with historical notes by D. Crouch. London: Anglo-Norman Text Society, 3 vols.

50
  

On the date of composition of the text, see
History of William Marshal
, iii, pp. 23–6; D. Crouch (2006), ‘Writing a Biography in the Thirteenth Century: The Construction and Composition of the “History of William Marshal” ’, in D. Bates, J. Crick and S. Hamilton (eds),
Writing Medieval Biography, 750–1250
. Woodbridge: Boydell, pp. 221–35, at p. 223. For discussion of the ‘chivalry’ of William senior, see Crouch,
William Marshal
, ch. 7. See also L. Ashe (2008), ‘William Marshal, Lancelot and Arthur: Chivalry and Kingship’, in C. P. Lewis (ed.),
Anglo-Norman Studies XXX: Proceedings of the Battle Conference 2007
. Woodbridge: Boydell, pp. 19–40.

51
  

History of William Marshal
, iii, p. 4.

52
  

Ibid., iii, p. 40.

53
  

Ibid., iii, p. 24.

54
  

Ibid.; Crouch, ‘Writing a Biography’, pp. 223, 225.

55
  

See p. 26.

56
  

History of William Marshal
, ii, pp. 244–5, ll. 14873–82.

57
  

See pp. 34–5.

58
  

There might just possibly have been another copy in the possession of the Beauchamp earls of Warwick:
History of William Marshal
, iii, pp. 10–11; Crouch,
William Marshal
, pp. 2–3.

59
  

‘Regesta 11: 1220–1222’, in
Calendar of Papal Registers, Volume 1: 1198–1304
, p. 88.

60
  

Carpenter,
The Minority
, ch. 8.

61
  

Ibid., pp. 306–7, 316–17, 345–6.

62
  

Ibid., p. 343.

63
  

PR, 1216–1225
, p. 426.

64
  

The Historical Works of Gervase of Canterbury
, ed. W. Stubbs (1879–80). London: Longman, Rolls Series, ii, p. 113 (‘Gesta Regum Continuata’). See also: ‘Annales prioratus de Wigornia’, pp. 415–6 (under 1224); ‘Annales de Oseneia’, in
Ann. Mon
., iv, p. 64 (under 1224); ‘Annales prioratus de Dunstaplia’, p. 91 (under 1225); ‘Annales de Waverleia’, p. 299 (under 1224).

65
  

For the betrothal, see
Rotuli chartarum in turri Londinensi asservati, vol. I, pars 1, 1199–1216
, ed. T. D. Hardy (1837). London: Record Commission, pp. 112b–113. See also R. F. Walker (2004), ‘William Marshal (II), Fifth Earl of Pembroke (c. 1190–1231), Magnate’,
ODNB
, available online at
http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/18127
, accessed on 22 April 2010.

66
  

Royal Letters
, i, pp. 244–6 no. CCXI, esp. p. 246.

67
  

‘Annales prioratus de Dunstaplia’, p. 91.

68
  

PR, 1216–1225
, p. 437 (appointment as justiciar). The Marshal held the office of justiciar in Ireland until 22 June 1226:
Cal. Docs. Ireland
, i, p. xxxvi, p. 209 no. 1380;
GEC
, x, p. 366.

69
  

Parsons, ‘Mothers, Daughters’, pp. 66, 68.

70
  

M. Howell (2002), ‘Royal Women of England and France in the Mid-Thirteenth Century: A Gendered Perspective’, in B. K. U. Weiler and I. W. Rowlands (eds),
England and Europe in the Reign of Henry III (1216–1272)
. Aldershot: Ashgate, pp. 163–82, at p. 166.

71
  

K. Norgate (2004, rev. T. Reuter), ‘Matilda, Duchess of Saxony (1156–1189)’,
ODNB
, available online at
http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/18339
, accessed on 22 April 2010.