Eleanor de Montfort: A Rebel Countess in Medieval England (40 page)

BOOK: Eleanor de Montfort: A Rebel Countess in Medieval England
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81
  

BnFr MS Clairambault 1188, f. 16v. Eleanor’s seal is reproduced in Maddicott,
Simon de Montfort
, p. 45 plate 3.

82
  

The Letters of Adam Marsh
, ii, pp. 378–9 no. 157, 382–3 no. 158, 388–9 no. 161, 388–9 no. 162.

83
  

Ibid., ii, pp. 384–7 no. 159, esp. pp. 384–5.

84
  

Ibid., i, pp. 158–61 no. 60, esp. 158–9.

85
  

Ibid.

86
  

Ibid., ii, pp. 341–51 no. 141, esp. 348–9, 376–7 no. 155. See also ibid., ii, pp.357–9 no. 144, esp. 358–9 for Geoffrey’s delay in joining the earl and countess in Gascony in 1250, and pp. 382–3 no. 158 for the difficulties that Marsh encountered in finding a suitable priest to enter the Montforts’ household.

87
  

Ibid., ii, pp. 562–3 no. 241.

88
  

Ibid., ii, pp. 326–9 no. 134.

89
  

Ibid., ii, pp. 341–51 no. 141, esp. pp. 350–1.

90
  

91
  

Ibid., pp. 169–70.

92
  

On this, see Maddicott,
Simon de Montfort
, pp. 92–3.

93
  

Monasticon anglicanum
, vi, pt iii, p. 1486.

94
  

C. Douais (1885),
Les Frères prêcheurs en Gascogne au XIII
me
et au XIV
me
siècle
. Paris: Société historique de Gascogne, 2 vols, i, p. 265; Maddicott,
Simon de Montfort
, p. 44.

95
  

CR, 1254–6
, p. 244.

96
  

The Letters of Adam Marsh
, ii, pp. 370–3 no. 151.

97
  

Ibid., ii, pp. 326–9 no. 134, esp. pp. 326–7.

98
  

John founded Beaulieu Abbey in Hampshire, which later served as the burial place of Richard of Cornwall’s wife, Isabella Marshal. Richard also founded Hailes Abbey in 1246, which served as his burial place and that of Sanchia of Provence, his son Henry of Almain and another son who died in infancy. See
The Beaulieu Cartulary
, ed. S. F. Hockey (1974). Southampton: Southampton Record Series, vol. 17; D. Westerhoff (2008),
Death and the Noble Body in Medieval England
. Woodbridge: Boydell Press, pp. 58–9.

99
  

‘Annales de Waverleia’, p. 336. Waverley was situated just ten miles from Odiham Castle: Labarge,
Simon de Montfort
, p. 79.

‘Annales de Waverleia’, p. 336; Maddicott,
Simon de Montfort
, p. 42.

‘Annales de Waverleia’, p. 336.

‘Early Charters and Patrons of Leicester Abbey, Appendix: The Charters of Leicester Abbey, 1139–1265 ’, ed. D. Crouch (2006), in J. Story, J. Bourne and R. Buckley (eds),
Leicester Abbey: Medieval History, Archaeology and Manuscript Studies
. Leicester: Leicestershire Archaeological Society, pp. 225–87, at pp. 269–70. No mention was made of Eleanor in another charter issued by the earl in c. 1239: ibid., pp. 267–8.

BnFr MS Clairambault 1021; Maddicott,
Simon de Montfort
, p. 104. According to the Dunstable annalist, Earl Simon secured similar rights from Dunstable Priory in 1263, but Eleanor’s involvement, on this occasion, was not recorded: ‘Annales prioratus de Dunstaplia’, p. 226.

BnFr MS Clairambault 1021.

BL MS Cotton Otho D. III (St Albans cartulary), f. 111r.

Maddicott,
Simon de Montfort
, p. 55.

CR, 1247–51
, pp. 22, 74, 302;
CR, 1251–3
, p. 356;
CR, 1254–6
, pp. 87, 329, 330.

The Montforts’ voluntary exile prompted Henry to grant Odiham to Engelard de Cigogné. After Cigogné’s death in 1243, Odiham was restored to them: MacGregor,
Odiham Castle
, p. 52;
CFR, 1243–4
, no. 451, available online at
http://www.finerollshenry3.org.uk/content/calendar/roll_041.html
, accessed on 06 April 2011.

CR, 1242–7
, p. 424.

Ibid., p. 458.

See p. 55.

CPR, 1232–47
, p. 419.

R. Allen-Brown (1955), ‘Royal Castle-Building in England, 1154-1216’,
EHR
, 276, pp. 353–98, at pp. 368, 394.

A. Pettifer (1995),
English Castles: A Guide by Counties
. Woodbridge: Boydell Press, pp. 256–8.

CLR, 1226–40
, p. 220.

CLR, 1240–45
, pp. 32–3.

Ibid., p. 71. For renovations to the castle, see also
The Great Roll of the Pipe for the Twenty-Sixth Year of the Reign of King Henry III, A.D. 1241–1242
, ed. H. L. Cannon (1918). New Haven: Yale University Press, p. 177; Bémont,
Simon de Montfort
(2nd edn), p. 32.

CPR, 1247–58
, p. 5.

Ibid., p. 250.

SCLA, DR10/1356.

The Letters of Adam Marsh
, ii, pp. 378–83 no. 157, esp. pp. 378–9.

Chronica majora
, v, p. 1; Maddicott,
Simon de Montfort
, pp. 106–7.

Chronica majora
, v, pp. 98–9.

Harris,
English Aristocratic Women
, p. 99.

See, for example, Howell,
Eleanor of Provence
, pp. 255–6; Parsons, ‘Mothers, Daughters’, pp. 73–5; J. C. Parsons (1996), ‘The Pregnant Queen as Counsellor and the Medieval Construction of Motherhood’, in Parsons and Wheeler (eds),
Medieval Mothering
, pp. 39–61.

Chronica majora
, iii, p. 518; Stacey,
Politics, Policy and Finance
, p. 124 n. 168.

Paris noted that Eleanor was ‘then pregnant’:
Chronica majora
, iii, p. 567.

Chronica majora
, iv, p. 44 n. 6 (marginal note); Maddicott,
Simon de Montfort
, p. 43.

For discussion on this, see Maddicott,
Simon de Montfort
, p. 43.

Ibid., pp. 43–4.

See p. 84.

Breastfeeding helps to suppress a new mother’s fertility.

For an image of a noblewoman testing the breast of a wet nurse, see BL MS Sloan 2435, f. 28v (Aldobrandino of Siena,
Li Livres dou Santé
, France, late thirteenth century). See also W. F. MacLehose (2010), ‘Health and Science’, in L. J. Wilkinson (ed.),
A Cultural History of Childhood and Family
, Oxford: Berg, pp. 161–78, at pp. 168–70, esp. fig. 9.1.

‘Annales prioratus de Dunstaplia’, p. 152.

L. J. Wilkinson (2010), ‘Education’, in idem (ed.),
A Cultural History of Childhood and Family
, pp. 91–108, at p. 98.

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