Eleanor de Montfort: A Rebel Countess in Medieval England (41 page)

136

The Letters of Adam Marsh
, i, pp. 57–63 no. 25, esp. pp. 57–8, pp. 145–9 no. 52, esp. pp. 146–7.

137

Ibid., i, pp. 56–9 no. 25, esp. pp. 58–9.

138

Chronica majora
, v, p. 416. See also Maddicott,
Simon de Montfort
, p. 122.

139

Letters of Adam Marsh
, ii, pp. 385–7 no. 159, 386–7 no. 160.

140

Ibid., ii, pp. 388–91 no. 162, esp. pp. 390–1.

141

Ibid., ii, p. 334–7 no. 138, esp. pp. 336–7.

142

Ibid., ii, pp. 338–9 no. 139.

143

Ibid., ii, pp. 341–51 no. 141, esp. pp. 350–1.

144

Ibid., ii, pp. 326–9 no. 134, esp. pp. 326–7.

145

Ibid., ii, pp. 376–9 no. 156.

146

For Eleanor of Provence’s children, see Howell,
Eleanor of Provence
, pp. 27–8, 30, 35, 44–5. Another daughter, Katherine, was born in 1253: ibid., pp. 117–18.

147

TNA: PRO E 101/308/1, m. 1. For another messenger, Robert de Gaugy, who was dispatched to Kenilworth, see ibid.

148

E 101/308/1, m. 1.

149

Ibid.

150

Ibid., m. 2.

151

Ibid.

152

Ibid.; Green,
Lives
, ii, p. 105.

153

TNA: PRO E 101/349/18, m. 1. In the autumn, the queen also paid for a russet robe of Eleanor’s to be sheared and purchased a red squirrel fur for the countess’s use: ibid.

154

TNA: PRO E 101/349/12, m. 1.

155

Ibid., m. 3. By this time, Richard of Havering was Earl Simon’s steward and ‘righthand’ man: Maddicott,
Simon de Montfort
, p. 67.

156

Bémont,
Simon de Montfort
, pp. 321–4 no. xxviii bis; Maddicott,
Simon de Montfort
, p. 119. The king had granted the Lord Edward the province in April 1252:
CChR, 1226–57
, p. 386.

157

Maddicott,
Simon de Montfort
, pp. 120–1, 124.

158

Chronica majora
, v, pp. 415–16.

159

It was also on this occasion that the king improved the terms by which the couple held the castle of Kenilworth and the manor of Odiham, so that both properties were now held for the life of the earl and/or countess:
CPR, 1247–58
, pp. 249–50. The 600 mark fee was, essentially, an extension of, and in the fine detail of its terms an extremely generous re-working of, a fee of 500 marks that the king had granted the earl and countess in 1244: Maddicott,
Simon de Montfort
, pp. 122–3.

160

H. W. Ridgeway (1989), ‘Foreign Favourites and Henry III’s Problems of Patronage, 1247–58’,
EHR
, 104, 590–610; Howell,
Eleanor of Provence
, ch. 3.

161

See p. 79. See also
CR, 1256–9
, pp. 28, 34.

162

Chronica majora
, v, pp. 634, 676–7; Howell,
Eleanor of Provence
, pp. 142, 148.

163

Maddicott,
Simon de Montfort
, pp. 128–9.

164

In December 1257, the king acknowledged that he owed a total of £1,198 14s. 10½d., for all the debts Henry owed to the earl and the countess:
CPR, 1247–58
, p. 609; Maddicott,
Simon de Montfort
, pp. 133–4. Henry III had also become indebted to Earl Simon in the county of Bigorre, south of Gascony, when Esquivat de Chabnais, the grandchild of Simon’s sister-in-law, Petronilla, Countess of Bigorre, transferred the debts Henry III owed to him for leasing his castles and for military service during the Gascon campaign to Simon de Montfort, to whom Esquivat was indebted from the time when Simon had been appointed guardian of the county on Petronilla’s death in 1251:
CPR, 1247–58
, p. 609; Maddicott,
Simon de Montfort
, pp. 134–5.

165

Chronica majora
, v, p. 366, 415.

166

Ibid., v, p. 415.

167

Maddicott,
Simon de Montfort
, p. 140. The earl also pursued his own business in France during the early part of 1255: ibid., p. 141.

168

Ibid., pp. 139–40.

1
    

DBM
, pp. 96–113 no. 5, esp. 96–9 (The Provisions of Oxford, 1258).

2
    

These developments are summarized in Maddicott,
Simon de Montfort
, p. 126.

3
    

D. A. Carpenter (1996), ‘What Happened in 1258?’, in idem,
The Reign of Henry III
, pp. 183–98; Maddicott,
Simon de Montfort
, p. 153.

4
    

Carpenter, ‘What Happened in 1258?’, p. 183; Maddicott,
Simon de Montfort
, pp. 153–4.

5
    

CPR, 1247–58
, p. 627. See also pp. 91–2.

6
    

Chronica majora
, v, p. 560; Maddicott,
Simon de Montfort
, p. 126.

7
    

CR (Supplementary), 1244–66
, p. 15 no. 172.

8
    

Maddicott,
Simon de Montfort
, p. 155.

9
    

Ibid.

10
  

Ibid., pp. 155–7.

11
  

Richard of Cornwall had been elected king of the Romans (i.e. of Germany) in January 1257 after the German throne became vacant in 1256: Vincent, ‘Richard, First Earl of Cornwall and King of Germany (1209–1272)’,
ODNB
.

12
  

See, for example, I. J. Sanders (1951), ‘The Texts of the Treaty of Paris’,
EHR
, 66, 81–97, at 89.

13
  

CPR, 1247–58
, p. 663.

14
  

DBM
, pp. 194–211 no. 29, esp. pp. 194–5.

15
  

Ibid.

16
  

Bémont,
Simon de Montfort
, pp. 328–30 no. xxxi, esp. p. 328; Maddicott,
Simon de Montfort
, p. 40 (who translates this passage).

17
  

The earl wanted the couple’s mutual friends, Richard Gravesend, Grosseteste’s successor as Bishop of Lincoln, and Adam Marsh, to counsel his executors should the need arise: Bémont,
Simon de Montfort
, pp. 328–30 no. xxxi.

18
  

The second visit was dominated by Earl Simon’s desire to pursue his own claims to the county of Bigorre, which had been granted to him in 1256, and re-granted in 1258 by Esquivat de Chabnais: Maddicott,
Simon de Montfort
, pp. 142, 155–6, 159, 172–8.

19
  

Simon also refused to renounce his claims to his family’s ancestral French lands:
CPR
1258–66
, pp. 25, 106–7.

20
  

DBM
, pp. 194–211 no. 29, esp. pp. 196–7.

21
  

See p. 91.

22
  

P. Chaplais (1952), ‘The Making of the Treaty of Paris (1259) and the Royal Style’,
EHR
, 67, 235–53, esp. 243–4; Labarge,
Simon de Montfort
, p. 156.