Empires and Barbarians (126 page)

transformation of society by contact with

Rome
86
–7,
91
–2

transformations in material cultural systems
104
–5

transport
77
see also
Alamanni; Tervingi

Germanic migration
9
,
113
,
114
–20,
122
–48,
147
,
265
,
603
–4

alliances forged
187
,
188

archaeological evidence for
119
–21

call for military manpower when moving into frontier zone
142
–3

carried out by subgroups
125
–7

and creation of Cernjachov system
117
–19

departure from invasion-hypothesis model
123
–4

differences between east and west and effect of Roman frontier structures
136
–7

economic motivations
137
–42,
149
–50,
168
,
599
,
600
–1

and fields of information
134
–6,
591

flow of
123
–34

Gothic in
376
see
Gothic migration

impact of Roman immigration policies on
136

and inherent mobility
146
–7,
168
,
172
,
184
–5,
593

inner and outer peripheries
134
–42

invitation by Romans argument
337

as major factor in reconstruction of Roman frontier
148
–9

and mixed groups
143
–4

motivations
137
–40,
178
–86,
188

participation of women and children
130
–2,
133
,
143
,
145
–6,
150
,
171
–2,
600
–1

political motivations
125
,
134
,
135
–6,
141
–2,
185
–6

pressure from Huns to move
184
,
186

prompting of by developments within

Empire
178
–80

relationship between incoming migrants and indigenous populations
165
–7

resistance to by Romans
175
,
187
,
188

scale and size of
127
–9,
132
,
133
,
142
–3,
145
–6,
149
,
154
,
174
–6

second bout of (406 onwards)
173
–88,
336
,
383

triggering of by Roman withdrawal of troops from frontier argument
179
,
181
–2

and warbands
126
–7,
133

Gesimund
358

Gibbon
156
,
210

Gildas
277
,
278
,
280
,
282
,
285
,
287
,
289

The Ruin of Britain
267
–8,
272
,
278
–9

glass production, Germani
54

global warming
213

globalization

and Germani
91
–3

and new states
563
–72

Gnezdovo
480
,
493

Godfrid
461
,
509
,
548
–9,
574

Godlowski, Kasimierz
120
,
373
[Kazimierz p. 373]

Goffart, Walter

Barbarian Tides
178

gold
236

Gorm
538
–9

Gorodishche
551

Gothic Christians
60
,
164

Gothic migration
116
,
118
,
123
–5,
127
,
584
,
587
–8

(376)
151
–73,
175
,
180
,
185
,
186
,
336
,
339
,
345

and inherent mobility
168
,
185
,
195

motivations
167
–70

participation of women and children in
171
–2

and political structures
171

relations with indigenous populations brought about by migration
165
–7

threat of Huns as motive for
157
,
159
–60,
161
–3

after Alaric rebellion and motives
190
–1,
195
–202,
203

and Greece (
295
–7)
190
,
195
,
196

into Black Sea
141
,
143
,
157
,
169
–70,
173
,
586

and Italy
190
,
196
,
198
,
595

settlement in Gaul (
412
–15)
197
,
198

Goths
20
,
60
,
106
,
109
,
112
–14,
130
,
153
–5,
157
–8,
182
,
223
–4,
233

agreement with Romans (418)
197
,
198
,
201

Amal-led
see
Amal-led Goths

attack on by Huns
162
–3,
208
,
209

attacks upon Roman Empire
109
–10,
111
,
127
,
338

conflict with Slavs
442

contingent within Attila’s Empire
222
–3,
231
,
233

defeat by Claudius
111
,
127

emergence of domination of and reasons for
112
–14,
115

gaining access to the wealth of frontier zone
141

negotiations with Romans over revisions of treaty
195
–6

participation in Roman civil wars
194

rebellion of under Alaric (395)
190
,
191
–3,
194
–5

recruitment into Roman army
135
,
171
,
194

social stratification
164

and sociopolitical reorganization
113
–14

treaty with Romans (382) and relations with
190
,
192
–3,
194
,
195
–6,
357

unification of Alaric’s
205

unifications of groups and forging of group identity
199
–201,
244
see also
Greuthungi; Osogoths; Tervingi; Visigoths

Gotland
505

Grand Narrative
10
–12,
15
,
17
,
18
,
21
,
22
,
34
,
98

Gratian, Emperor
183

Great Eurasian Steppe
209
–10,
212

Great European Plain
3
,
5
,
6

Great Hungarian Plain
208
,
217
,
218
,
376
,
401
,
444

Great Migration Debate
12
–21

Greece
404

Greenland
452
,
464
,
490
,
582

Gregory of Tours
282
,
308
,
309
,
310
,
311
–12,
318

Greuthungi
60
,
116
,
151
,
152
,
154
,
160
,
199
,
338
,
357

attack on by Huns
162

exclusion from Roman Empire
169
,
170
,
336

peace with Romans (382)
180
,
189

seeking refuge inside Roman Empire (376)
163
,
217

unification with Tervingi
199
–200

group identity
12
–15,
17
,
18
,
24
–6,
27
,
28
,
34
,
240
–3,
343
–5,
356
–7

and Alaric’s Goths
199
–201

constraining of individuals
24
–5

and Germani
19
–20,
41
–3,
243
,
244

and Goths
199
–201,
244

and Hunnic Empire
227
–38,
255
,
263

malleability of
20

and migration
34

post-Attilan groups
240
–4

renegotiation of due to rise and fall of Hunnic Empire
244
–5,
263

and Rhine invaders
204
–5

Gundilas
244

Gundobad
308

Gundomadus
41
,
89

Habyarimana, President Juvénal
1

Hadrianople
199
,
200

Hadrianople, battle of (378)
189
,
193
,
357

Hadrian’s Wall
139
,
271

Halsall, Guy
160
,
179
,
294
,
295
,
296
,
314
,
316

Harold Bluetooth
509
,
517
,
521
,
522
,
525
,
530
,
537
,
539
,
567

Hasding Vandals
131
,
173
,
175
,
176
,
188
,
189
,
204
,
338
,
383

Healfdan
458

Henry I
523
,
554
,
555
,
556
,
569

Henry II
519

Henry, King of the east Franks
368
–9

Heraclius, Emperor
379
,
402
,
403
,
405

Hernac
223
,
259

Heruli
111
,
115
,
124
,
222
,
224
,
225
–6,
251
,
254
,
258
,
343
–4

defeat of by Lombards (508)
225
,
226
,
242
,
257

and Gepids
250
,
259
,
261

and group identity
242
,
243

migration and motives
115
,
116
,
250

Scandinavian mission
242
–3,
251
,
261
,
408
,
430

split in caused by defeat (508)
225
,
251
,
256

Hildegesius
408

hillforts
544
,
572

Historia Augusta
99
,
107

Histria
109
,
127
,
141

Honorius, Emperor
278

Horic II
510
,
511

Hunnic Empire
263
,
359

absence of Slavs in
394

assertion of independence by subject groups
207
,
224
,
234
,
237
,
238
–9,
259
,
263

collapse
207
,
208
,
223
,
226
,
238
,
249
,
316
–17,
359

demographic impact of
264

detaching subject peoples from by Romans
231
–2

Gothic contingent
222
–3,
234
,
231
,
233

and group identity
227
–38,
255
,
263

incorporation of non-Hunnic contingents
221
–2,
231
,
263

instability of
231
–4

migration and rise and fall of
157
,
159
–60,
161
,
245
,
254
–6,
335
,
346
,
375
,
383
,
587

migration within
221
–7

multicultural nature of
237

relations and conflicts between subject peoples and Huns
231
–3,
236
–7,
245

Hunnic migration
258
,
259
,
260

and climate change
212
–13

economic reasons and inequalities of wealth as reasons for
213
–15,
221

growth in size of groups in second stage of
216
–17

and inherent mobility
219

involvement of women and children
219

motivations
209
,
212
–15,
217
,
221

reasons for gaps between two main phases of
219

size of groups
217
–18

triggering major sociopolitical restructuring by
220
–1

warbands (
376
–80)
215
–16,
218

Huns
99
,
151
,
152
,
153
,
157
,
161
,
177
,
207
–65,
262
,
340
,
384

attacks on Goths
162
–3,
208
,
209

dearth of information on
208
–9

ferocity of
209

impact of on migration of other groups
153
,
157
,
159
–60,
161
–3,
184
,
207
,
209