Empires and Barbarians (127 page)

language of
209

mercenary service with Roman Empire
214

originally nomads thesis
209
–12

raids on Roman Empire
163
,
174
,
213
–14,
219

relations with Roman Empire
213
–14,
220

seeking asylum in east Roman Empire (mid-460s)
223
,
224
,
258
,
259

sweeping away of system of ranked kings
220
,
235
–6

weaponry
217
–18

Iazyges
98
,
102
,
114

Ibn Fadlan
468
,
472
,
477
,
566

Iceland
10
,
26
–7,
500
,
582
,
585
,
596

colonization of by Vikings
464
,
488
–9,
491
,
508
–9

identity
24
–8
see also
group identity

Igor
535
,
541

Ine’s Law
275
,
301
,
302
,
303

information availability
see
fields of information

inherent mobility
184
–5,
205
–6,
593
–4

and Germanic migration
146
–7,
168
,
172
.
184
–5,
593

and Hunnic migration
219

and post-Hunnic Empire migration
259
–60

and Slavic migration
446
,
593

and Tervingi
594

invasion hypothesis
17
–18,
20
,
21
,
22
,
23
,
31
,
34
,
119
,
122
,
133
,
143
,
155
,
251
,
295
,
330
,
578
–9,
615
–16

modifications needed to
585
–91

Ireland

Viking raids and settlement
455
,
457
–8,
462
–3,
484
,
487
,
497

Irish Republic, migration from
1
–2

iron
74
,
79
,
91

Islam
378
,
379
–81,
385
,
403
,
465

Islamic Empire
380
–2,
465
,
474
,
477

isotope analysis
276
–7

itineration
63
–4

as key mechanism of government in new entities
529
–30

and new states
529
–30,
551
,
610

Iuthungi
124
,
129

Ivar the Boneless
458
,
483

Jelling dynasty
509
,
517
,
520
,
524
,
528
,
529
,
538
–9,
573
–4

Jones, H.M.
175

Jordanes
113
,
114
,
119
,
122
,
123
,
124
–5,
133
,
157
,
209
,
222
,
223
–4,
239
,
394
,
395
,
396
–7,
442
,
586
,
587

Julian, Emperor
62
,
73
,
84
,
306
,
326

Justinian, Emperor
361
,
364
,
378
,
379
,
401
,
403

Kablow
57

Khazaks
211

Khazars
465

Khusro II, King
378

Kiev
466
,
467
,
479
–81,
493
,
517
,
549
,
551

kingship

rise of military kingship amongst Germani
43
–7

Korchak system
288
,
389
,
393
,
395
–6,
403
–4,
408
–11,
414
,
417
,
418
,
419
,
421
–2,
423
,
442
,
448
–9,
582

Korosec
389

Korstrzewski
392

Kosovan Albanians
1

Kossinna, Gustav
16
–18,
103
,
105
,
390

Kostrzewski
389
,
390
–1,
392

Krefeld-Gellep, cemetery at
318
–19,
323
–4,
331

Kulikowski, Michael
113
,
114

kuning
46

Ladoga, Lake
476
,
477
,
501

laeti
314

Langobardi
96
,
100
,
101
,
126
,
127
,
136

law texts

and new states
527

Leach, Edmund
14
,
24

Lech, battle of the (955)
369

Leo, Emperor
249
,
257
,
259

Life of St Anskar
471
,
511

Life of St Germanus of Auxerre
295

Life of St Severinus, The
258

Limigantes
85
,
87
,
88
,
128
,
183

Lincoln
485

Lincolnshire
485

Lindisfarne
453

literacy
518
–19,
526
–7

Liutizi
556
,
571

Lombards
225
–6,
240
,
251
–3,
260
,
261
,
374

burial practices
253

destruction of Heruli (508)
225
,
226
,
242
,
257

destruction of kingdom of by Charlemagne

(mid-770s)
367

gathering of groups under
240

historical process behind expansion in

Middle Danube
251
–2

kings
241

material culture
253

migration of and motivations behind expansion
157
,
257
–8,
356
,
584
,
587
,
588
–9

move to Italy (560s)
252
,
589

move to Middle Danube region and becomes dominant power in
225
,
251
,
253
,
257
,
260

war with Gepids
226

Louis the German
368
,
460
,
461
,
532

Louis the Pious
457
,
468
,
475

Ludi Apolinares
25
,
113
,
118

Luka Raikovetska system
416
,
417
,
419

Macedonia
403

Macrianus
40
–1,
90

Magnus Maximus
179
,
194
,
214

Magyars
213
,
369
,
577
,
613

Malchus of Philadelphia
246

manors
292
–3,
298
–9,
546

Marcomanni
6
,
38
,
61
–2,
94
,
95
–6,
96

Marcomannic War
43
,
96
,
96
–107,
109
,
127
,
128
,
131
,
136
,
188
,
363

and archaeological excavations
102
–5

causes of
98
–100

damage caused by barbarians
100

defeat of barbarians and restoring of order
97
–8

and expansion of Wielbark culture
105
–6

geographical displacement during
101
–2,
106
–7,
125
–6

scale of and number of people involved
100

Marcus Aurelius
94
,
95
,
96
–7,
98
,
99
,
100
–1

Maroboduus
38
,
40

Martel, Charles
367

Marxism/Marxists
47
–8,
102
–3,
467

Maslomelcz group
125

mass migration
347
–50

definition
31
–2

and social stress
329
–31

Maurice, Emperor
401
,
428

Mecklenburg
429

Mederichus
38
–9

Mercia
459
,
460

Merovech
306

Merovingian Franks
220
,
286
,
306
–10,
363
–7,
368
,
371

political fragmentation of Empire
366
–7

role of migration in sixth century
317
–29

status groups in
320
–1

metal production, Germani
52
–3

Middle Danube
222
–6,
257

Miesco I
533
,
555

migration costs
594
–5

military capability

of new states
522
–4

military kingship

Germani and rise of
43
–7

military retinues
61
,
145
,
150
,
171
,
284
,
505

and new states
540
–1,
547
,
563
–4

Miracles of St Demetrius
403
,
404
,
423

modern migration
141
,
142
,
146
,
161
,
353
,
592
–3,
602

Mogilany culture
410
–11,
411
,
412
,
426

Moldavia
393
,
439
,
446

Moravia/Moravians
xiii
–xix
409
,
411
,
516
–17,
532
–3,
557
,
563

and castles
521

Christian basilicas in
525

conversion to Christianity
518
,
568

creation of
516
–17,
532
–3

fighting of Magyars
613

and imperial predation
558

military power of
522

trading of land
528

Musocius
424

Naristi
98
,
101
,
128
,
132

nationalism
13
–14

Nazis
13
,
118
–19

Nedao, battle of the (454)
207
,
208
,
223

Neolithic period
22

new states
610
–12

and agricultural production
545
–8,
552
,
612

castle construction
521
–2

church building
525

and codes of law
527

and communication
525
–6

conversion to Christianity
517
,
518
,
519
,
558
,
567
–72,
610

dynastic ambition as activating mechanism for state formation
553

fur and slave trade
564
–5

and globalization
563
–72

governmental capacity
521

and itineration
529
–30,
551
,
610

lack of secondary migration
575
–6,
612
–13

military capabilities
522
–4,
564
,
610
,
611

and military retinues
540
–1,
563
–4

operating within distinct centre-periphery dichotomy
551

and population densities
550

products of long and complex processes of transformation
572
–3

and record-keeping
526
–7

relations with Empire
554
–63,
574
–5

rise of dynasties
531
–9,
610

size and scale of
520
–1

state-building
539
–53

and swapping of land
528
–9,
610

and trade networks
548
–9,
552
,
564
–7,
573
,
610
,
611
,
612

transformation and ‘peer polity interaction’
573

nomads
7
,
184
–5,
211
–12,
213
,
220
,
406

Norman Conquest
23
,
267
,
292
,
298
–9,
301
–2,
327
,
329
–30,
349
,
350
,
487
,
580
,
614

North Africa

Vandal-Alan invasion of (429)
7
,
73
,
176
,
340
,
351
,
354
,
589

North European Plain
6
,
7
–8

Northern Crusades
556
–7

Northumbria
496
,
502
,
510