For Lust of Knowing (53 page)

15
. E. Lévi-Provençal,
Séville musulmane au début du XIIe siècle: Traité d'Ibn ‘Abdun sur la vie urbaine et les corps de métiers
(Paris, 1947), p. 128.

16
. Charles Burnett, ‘The Translating Activity in Mediaeval Spain', in Jayyusi (ed.),
The Legacy of Muslim Spain
, pp. 1036–58.

17
. James Kritzek,
Peter the Venerable and Islam
(Princeton, 1964), p. 30.

18
. M. T. d'Alverny, ‘Deux traductions latines du Coran au Moyen Age',
Archives d'histoire doctrinale et littéraire du moyen-âge
, vols 22–23(1947–8),
pp. 69–131; Kritzek,
Peter the Venerable and Islam
,
passim
; Thomas E. Burman, ‘
Tafsir
and Translation: Traditional Arabic Qur'an in Exegesis and the Latin Qur'ans of Robert of Ketton and Robert of Toledo',
Speculum
, vol. 73(1998), pp. 703–32.

19
. Kritzek,
Peter the Venerable
, pp. 45–6.

20
. Ibid., pp. 155–99, 220–91.

21
. D'Alverny, ‘Deux traductions', pp. 113–19; D'Alverny and G. Vajda, ‘Marc de Tolède, traducteur d'Ibn Tumart',
Al-Andalus
, vol. 16 (1951), pp. 99–140, 259–308; vol. 17, pp. 1–56.

22
. On medieval translations from Arabic of scientific, mathematical and philosophical works in general, see Burnett, ‘The Translating Activity'; Burnett,
Adelard of Bath: An English Scientist and Arabist of the Early Twelfth Century
, Warburg Institute Surveys and Texts, vol. 14 (London, 1987); Burnett,
The Introduction of Arabic Learning into England
(London, 1996); W. Montgomery Watt,
The Influence of Islam on Medieval Europe
(Edinburgh, 1972), pp. 58–71; Donald R. Hill,
Islamic Science and Engineering
(Edinburgh, 1993), pp. 220–35.

23
. On the impact of Arabic mathematics in Europe, see George Gheverghese Joseph,
The Crest of the Peacock: Non-European Roots of Mathematics
(London, 1991), pp. 301–47; Alexander Murray,
Reason and Society in the Middle Ages
(Oxford, 1978), pp. 167–75.

24
. Bertrand Russell,
A History of Western Philosophy
(London, 1961), p. 417.

25
. On the philosophy of Avicenna and its transmission to the West, see Salvador Gómez Nogales, ‘Ibn Sina', in M. L. J. Young, J. D. Latham and R. B. Serjeant (eds),
The Cambridge History of Arabic Literature: Religion, Learning and Science during the ‘Abbasid Period
(Cambridge, 1990), pp. 398–404; Gordon Leff,
Medieval Thought: St Augustine to Ockham
(Harmondsworth, 1958), pp. 148–55.

26
. Burnett, ‘Translating Activity', pp. 1038–9.

27
. Paul Kraus,
Jabir ibn Hayyan: Contribution à l'histoire des idées scientifiques dans l'Islam
, 2 vols (Cairo, 1942–3).

28
. [Pseudo-]al-Majriti,
Ghayat al-Hakim
, edited by H. Ritter (Leipzig and Berlin, 1933); David Pingree (ed.),
Picatrix: The Latin Version of the Ghayat al-Hakim
(London, 1986); David Pingree, ‘Some of the Sources of the Ghayat al-Hakim',
Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes
, vol. 43(1980), pp. 1–15; Vittore Perrone Compagni, ‘Picatrix Latinus: concezioni filosoficoreligiose e prassi magica',
Medioévo, Rivista di storia della filosofia medievale
, 1(1975), pp. 237–337.

29
. G. N. Atiyeh,
Al-Kindi: The Philosopher of the Arabs
(Rawalpindi, 1966); M. T. d'Alverny and F. Hudry, ‘
De Radiis
',
Archives d'histoire doctrinale et littéraire du moyen-âge
, 41 (1975), pp. 139–60, reprinted in Sylvie Matton
(ed.),
La Magie arabe traditionelle
(Paris, 1977), pp. 77–128; Fritz W. Zimmerman, ‘Al-Kindi', in Young, Latham and Serjeant (eds),
The Cambridge History of Arabic Literature: Religion, Learning and Science in the ‘Abbasid Period
, pp. 364–9.

30
. On the pseudepigrapha of Aristotle, see Lynn Thorndike,
A History of Magic and Experimental Science During the First Thirteen Centuries of Our Era
(New York, 1923), vol. 2, pp. 246–78; A. F. L. Beeston, ‘An Arabic Hermetic Manuscript',
Bodleian Library Record
, 7 (1962), pp. 11–23; Dorothy Metzlitzki,
The Matter of Araby in Medieval England
(New Haven and London, 1977), pp. 86–92, 106–11; Norman Penzer,
Poison Damsels and Other Essays in Folklore and Anthropology
(London, 1952), pp. 113–71; J. Kraye, W. F. Ryan and C. B. Schmidt (eds),
Pseudo-Aristotle in the Middle Ages
, Warburg Institute Surveys and Texts vol. 11 (London, 1987).

31
. Dag Nikolaus Hasse,
Avicenna's De Anima in the Latin West: The Formation of a Peripatetic Philosophy of the Soul 1160–1300
(London and Turin, 2000), pp. 168–9, 172.

32
. Charles Homer Haskins,
Studies in the History of Medieval Science
, 2nd edn (Cambridge, Mass., 1927), p. 19.

33
. Oswei Temkin,
Galenism: The Rise and Decline of Medical Philosophy
(Ithaca, NY, 1973); Manfred Ullman,
Islamic Medicine
(Edinburgh, 1978), pp. 33–8; Franz Rosenthal,
The Classical Heritage in Islam
(London, 1975), pp. 182–3, 192–4; Michael Dols,
Majnun: The madman in medieval Islamic society
(Oxford, 1992), pp. 17–47.

34
. Ullman,
Islamic Medicine
, pp. 45–6; Haskell D. Isaacs, ‘Arabic Medical Literature', in Young, Latham and Serjeant (eds),
The Cambridge History of Arabic Literature: Religion, Learning and Science in the ‘Abbasid Period
, pp. 356–8; Ursula Weiser, ‘Ibn Sina und die Medzin des arabisch-islamischen Mittelalters-Alte und Neue Urteile und Vorurteile',
Medizinhistorisches Journal
, 18 (1983), pp. 283–305; Nancy G. Siraisi,
Avicenna in Renaissance Italy: The Canon and Medical Teaching in Italian Universities after 1500
(Princeton, NJ, 1987); Dols,
Majnun
, pp. 73–103.

35
. On Ptolemaic astronomy and astrology in the Arablands and their transmission to the West, see Thorndike,
A History of Magic and Experimental Science
, vol. 1, pp. 697–719; vol. 2, pp. 66–98; David King, ‘Astronomy', in Young, Latham and Serjeant (eds),
The Cambridge History of Arabic Literature: Religion, Learning and Science during the ‘Abbasid Period
, pp. 274–89; David Pingree, ‘Astrology', in ibid., pp. 290–300; F. J. Carmody,
Arabic Astronomical and Astrological Sciences in Translation
(Berkeley and Los Angeles, 1956); Hill,
Islamic Science and Engineering
, pp. 42–6; Joseph F. O'Callaghan,
The Learned King: The Reign of Alfonso X of Castile
(Philadelphia, 1993), pp. 141–3.

36
. Ernest Renan's unreliable and outdated
Averroès et l'Averroïsme
(Paris,
1861) is discussed and criticized in chapter six. More reliable accounts of Averroes's thinking can be found in Oliver Leaman,
Averroes and his philosophy, revised edn
(Richmond, Surrey, 1998); Majid Fakhry,
Averroes (Ibn Rushd), His Life, Works and Influence
(Oxford, 2001). For his impact on the West, see Leff,
Medieval Thought
, pp. 155–62; Paul Oscar Kristeller, ‘Paduan Averroism and Alexandrism in the Light of Recent Studies', in Kristeller,
Renaissance Thought II, Papers on Humanism and the Arts
(New York, 1965), pp. 111–18; Kristeller, ‘Petrarch's “Averroists”: A note on the history of Averroism in Venice, Padua and Bologna',
Bibliothèque d'Humanisme et Renaissance
, 14 (1952), pp. 59–65.

37
. Leff,
Medieval Thought
, p. 218; Daniel,
The Arabs and Medieval Europe
, pp. 250, 281–3.

38
. Southern,
Western Views of Islam
, pp. 30–31; Daniel,
The Arabs and Medieval Europe
, pp. 236, 238; John France, ‘The First Crusade and Islam',
Muslim World
, vol. 67 (1977), pp. 247–57; Tolan,
Saracens
, pp. 135–47.

39
. Jacques de Vitry,
Lettres de la Cinquième Croisade
:
1160/1170–1240
,
évêque de Saint-Jean d'Acre
, edited by R.B.C. Huygens (Leiden, 1960); Kedar,
Crusade and Mission
, pp. 112–31.

40
. Southern,
Western Views of Islam
, pp. 62–3; Kedar,
Crusade and Mission
, pp. 180–82; Daniel,
The Arabs and Medieval Europe
, pp. 211–12, 243; Tolan,
Saracens
, pp. 203–9.

41
. Ricoldo de Monte Croce,
Pérégrination en Terre Sainte et au proche Orient. Texte latin et traduction. Lettres sur la chute de Saint-Jean d'Acre
, edited and translated by René Kappler (Paris, 1997); Southern,
Western Views of Islam
, pp. 69–70; Daniel,
The Arabs and Medieval Europe
, pp. 201–2, 218–20, 247–9; Tolan,
Saracens
, pp. 245–54.

42
.
Encyclopaedia of Islam
, 2nd edn (Leiden, 1954–2002),
S.V
. ‘Ibn Hazm' [Arnaldez]; Anwar G. Chejne,
Muslim Spain: Its History and Culture
(Minneapolis, 1974), pp. 306–7; William Montgomery Watt,
Muslim–Christian Encounters, Perceptions and Misperceptions
(London, 1991), pp. 33, 65–7; Jacques Waardenburg, ‘Muslim Studies of Other Religions: The Medieval Period', in Geert van Gelder and Ed de Moor,
Orientations. The Middle East and Europe: Encounters and Exchanges
(Amsterdam, 1992), pp. 21–4.

43
. Nancy N. Roberts, ‘Reopening the Muslim–Christian Dialogue of the 13th–14th Centuries: Critical Reflections on Ibn Taymiyyah's Response to Christianity in
al-Jawab al-Sahih li-man Baddala Din al-Masih', Muslim World
, 86 (1996), pp. 432–66; S. M. Stern, ‘The Oxford Manuscript of Ibn Taymiyya's Anti-Christian Polemics',
Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies
, 22 (1959), pp. 124–8.

44
. Aziz al-Azmeh, ‘Mortal Enemies, Invisible Neighbours: Northerners in Andalusi Eyes', in Jayyusi (ed.),
The Legacy of Muslim Spain
, pp. 267–8.

45
. Meisami,
The Sea of Precious Virtues
, pp. 231–2.

46
.Lévi-Provençal,
Séville Musulmane
, pp. 108–9.

47
. On Arabpopular epics, see Wolfdietrich Fischer, ‘Die Nachwirkung der Kreuzzüge in der arabischen Volksliteratur', in Wolfdietrich Fischer and Jürgen Schneider (eds),
Das Heilige Land im Mittelalter: Begegungsraum zwischen Orient und Okzident
(Neustadt an der Aisch, 1982), pp. 145–54; M. C. Lyons, The Arabian Epic: Heroic and oral story-telling, 3 vols (Cambridge, 1995).

48
.
The Song of Roland
, tranlated by Dorothy L. Sayers (Harmondsworth, 1957), p. 87; cf. p. 21.

49
. Norman Daniel,
Heroes and Saracens: A Re-interpretation of the Chansons de Geste
(Edinburgh, 1984).

50
. Dante,
Inferno
, Canto XXVIII.

51
. Dante,
Purgatorio
, Canto IV.

52
. On Dante and Islam, see Miguel Asin Palacios's still highly controversial
Islam and the Divine Comedy
(London, 1926). See also Southern,
Western Views of Islam
, pp. 55–6; Southern, ‘Dante and Islam', in Derek Baker (ed.),
Relations between East and West in the Middle Ages
(Edinburgh, 1973), pp. 133–45; Philip F. Kennedy, ‘Muslim Sources of Dante', in Dionysius A. Agius and Richard Hitchcock (eds),
The Arab Influence in Medieval Europe; Folia Scholastica Mediterranea
(Reading, 1994), pp. 63–82.

53
. A. C. Lee,
The Decameron: Its Sources and Analogues
(London, 1909), p. 171; cf. p. 312; Robert Irwin,
The Arabian Nights: A Companion
(London, 1994), pp. 64, 96–7.

54
. Ramon Lull,
Selected Works of Ramon Lull
, edited by A. Bonner (Princeton, 1985); E. Allison Peers,
Ramon Lull: A Bibliography
(London, 1929); J. N. Hillgarth,
Lull and Lullism in Fourteenth-Century France
(Oxford, 1972); Frances Yates,
Lull and Bruno: Collected Essays
(London, 1982). On Lull and Islam, see Aziz Suriyal Atiya,
The Crusade in the Later Middle Ages
(London, 1938), pp. 74–94; Southern,
Western Views of Islam
, pp. 68, 72n; Kedar,
Crusade and Mission
, pp. 188–99; Tolan,
Saracens
, pp. 256–74.

55
. Lull,
Blanquerna
, translated by E. A. Peers (London, 1925).

56
. Southern,
Western Views of Islam
, p. 72n; Louis Massignon,
Opera Minora
, edited by Y. Moubarac (Beirut, 1963), vol. 1, p. 12.

57
. Edward Said,
Orientalism
(London, 1978), pp. 49–50.

58
. Southern,
Western Views of Islam
, pp. 72–3, 88; Roberto Weiss, ‘England and the Decree of the Council of Vienne on the Teaching of Greek, Arabic, Hebrew and Syriac',
Bibliothèque d'Humanisme et Renaissance
, 14 (1952), pp. 1–9.

59
. Southern,
Western Views of Islam
, p. 78.

60
. Ibid., pp. 86–93; Robert Schwoebel,
The Shadow of the Crescent: The Renaissance Image of the Turk (1453–1517)
(Nieuwkoop, 1967), pp. 223–5; John Robert Jones,
Learning Arabic in Renaissance Europe (1505–1624)
,
Ph.D. thesis (School of Oriental and African Studies, London University, July 1988), pp. 20–21.

61
. Southern,
Western Views of Islam
, pp. 77–83.