Fundamentals of Midwifery: A Textbook for Students (165 page)

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Authors: Louise Lewis

BOOK: Fundamentals of Midwifery: A Textbook for Students
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Fundamentals of Midwifery: A Textbook for Students
, First Edition. Edited by Louise Lewis.
© 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Published 2015 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Companion website: www.wileyfundamentalseries.com/midwifery
women’s self-identity and decision-making about care, 131, 133
antenatal period considerations in, 68–69 psychological factors in, 69
psychosocial factors in, 69–70
antenatal screening and diagnostic testing, 53, 55, 245
antepartum haemorrhage, 354–356
definition of, 84, 354, 370
management of, 356
placenta praevia, 355
placental abruption, 354–355 predisposing factors for, 355b
anterior pituitary gland, 215, 216, 228, 233
anthropology, 91 anthroposophical medicine, 306t anthroposophy, 306t
anti-bullying policies, 27
anti-D immunoglobulin, 127, 182, 356 antibacterial medications
macrolides, 333–334
penicillin, 333
antibodies, 261
anticoagulant medication, teaching women and their families about, 173
antidepressant therapy, 291
antiemetics, 336
antihistamines, 332
anus in newborn, examining, 195t anxiety, 282, 287, 288, 294
antenatal period and, 69, 70
assessing, 291
depression co-morbid with, 291–292 milk production difficulties and, 226 pathological and normal, 291
in pregnancy, 131
APG.
See
Anterior pituitary gland Apgar, Virginia, 189
Apgar score, 189–190, 191t, 193, 194f
definition of, 207
low, maternal anxiety and, 291 APH.
See
Antepartum haemorrhage
appointment schedule, for antenatal care, 128t
aromatherapy, 305t, 312
arterial embolisation, postpartum haemorrhage and, 360
artificial insemination by donor, 44
genetic mothers and, 96
artificial rupture of membranes, 154 ASFR.
See
Age-specific Fertility Rates assessment
ABCDE, of critically ill patient, 350b definition of, 370
emergencies in midwifery and, 347
of practice, in midwifery programmes, 11 Association of Chartered Physiotherapists in
Women’s Health, 182
asthma, definition of, 233
asylum seekers, racial hatred and, 52 asylum status, 245
atonic uterus, 357t, 358f, 359 attachment
bonding compared with, 79 definition of, 78, 79
importance of, 79–80
maternal psychsocial status and, 81 attachment parenting, 111–112
attachment theory, 78
attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, 254 attribution theory, definition of, 84
audit, definition of, 260 aura, 307t
austerity
health inequalities and, 47
reproductive technologies in time of, 54 Australia
CAM in hospital midwifery in, qualitative study on, 311
CAM use by women in, 307 Australian Medical Association, 28 autolysis, 168, 184
automated auditory brainstem response test, 203
autonomy, 12
Ayurvedic medicine, 306t, 308t

 

babies
breastfeeding and benefits for, 211 meeting, 157
older mothers and health concerns for, 106, 108f
postnatal care and, 167
skin-to-skin contact between mothers and, 143, 157, 193
teenage pregnancies: outcomes for, 104t
vulnerable, safeguarding, 178, 180–181 baby blues, postnatal depression compared
with, 72–73, 72t
Baby Friendly Initiative standards, 217 Bach flower remedy, 305t
back
acupuncture and problems with, 309b newborn, examining, 195t
Bangladeshi mothers, teenage pregnancies and, 105
baptism, death of baby and, 378 bargaining, in Kübler-Ross’s stages of grief,
374
barrier methods of contraception definition of, 279
diaphragms/caps, 271, 272f female condoms, 270, 271f male condoms, 270, 271f
basic life support, 351–352 definition of, 370
flow chart, 353f thromboembolism and, 368
bathing, newborns and issues related to, 197–198
BBB.
See
Blood-brain barrier
bed-sharing, reducing risk of SIDS and, 181 behaviour change agent, midwife as, 244,
244f
behaviourist approach, in psychology, 63 Benson, Herbert, 313
bereaved parents, avoiding stereotype-based assumptions with, 378
bereavement
definition of, 374, 385
dual-process models of coping with, 375
support groups for parents and families, 383
bi-manual compression, of uterus, postpartum haemorrhage management and, 359
biliary tract, excretion of medications via, 331
bilirubin
metabolism of, neonatal, 200, 201f physiological jaundice and, 199–200
bilirubin encephalopathy, 200
bilirubinometer, transcutaneous, 200
bioavailability, definition of, 332, 343 biological mothers, genetic or gestational,
96, 96f
biological nurturing, breastfeeding and, 221
biological parents, definition of, 95–96 biomedical
definition of, 319 model of care, 123
bio-psychological approach, in psychology, 63–64
bio-psychosocial model, 63
biparietal diameter, 149
bipolar disorder, 70, 282, 283, 288, 288t, 293,
297
birth, psychological wellbeing of women and experience of,
70–71
Birth and Beyond package, 134
birth canal, bio-physical mechanism by fetus undertakes journey through, 146t
birth centre, 145 birth control pills combined, 272
different types of, 273f progesterone only pill, 272
birth partners, woman’s control over choice of, 153
birth preparation
for coping with labour, 145 parent education and, 134–135
birth rate to midwife ratio, quality measure of, 14
birth rates, 241
birth registration, 241
birth setting, choice of, 122 birth statistics, 241 birthing balls
labour and benefits with, 149
woman receiving medical intervention, 156, 156f
birthing positions, parent education classes, 134
birthplace, 145

 

403

 

404
black caribbean mothers, teenage pregnancies and, 105
Black Report
inequalities in health identified in, 246 social class definitions used in, 246t
bladder, emptying, postpartum haemorrhage and, 359
‘blended’ families, 93 blood-brain barrier
definition of, 343
distribution of medicine and, 330 blood group, 127
blood pressure measurement, maternal observations of, 152
blood pressure monitoring, pre-eclampsia and, 360
blood spot test, 202
B-Lynch uterine compression suture, postpartum haemorrhage and, 360
BNF.
See
British National Formulary body changes during pregnancy, 130f Body Mass Index, 172–173
definition of, 137, 260 raised
combined pill and, 272 contraceptive patch and, 273
body work therapies, 305t bonding
attachment compared with, 79 definition of, 78, 79
importance of, 79
skin-to-skin contact and, 217 ultrasound scans and, 80–81
booking for care, 125, 125b
Bordatella pertussis
bacterium, 253 botanicals, 308t
bottle feeding, tongue tie and, 224
bowel movements, postpartum period and, 171
Bowlby, J., grief stages identified by, 374–375
brachial plexus injury, 363 bradycardic, pale, floppy newborns,
resuscitation and, 192, 194f breast, anatomy of, 214f
breast abscesses, 229
breast engorgement, identifying and managing, 220, 228
‘breast is best’ message, 212
breast pump expressing equipment electric pump, 227–228
hand pump, 226–227
breastfeeding, 157
afterpains and, 184
attachment parenting style and, 112 avoiding, reasons for, 229–230 biological nurturing and, 221 combined pill and, 272
contraceptive choices in context of, 269 cross cradle hold for, 220, 221f
different positions for, 220 difficulty with, 72
expert advice and, 111
factors influencing initiation and duration of, 211–212
fathers as birth partners and, 153 feedback inhibitor of lactation, 216 importance of, 211
lactational amenorrhoea method 275–276
noting frequency and duration of, 172
optimal and suboptimal hormonal responses and, 215f
pattern of, 220–221
physiology of lactation and, 213–215 positioning and attachment principles,
218b, 219f
prolactin inhibitor factor and, 216 prolactin receptor theory and, 215–216 skin-to-skin contact and, 217, 217f social class and, 246
supporting mothers in initiating and continuing for longer, 213
underarm hold and, 220f understanding social-cultural context of,
212
breastfeeding jaundice, 200, 202 breastfeeding problems, identifying and
managing, 228–229,
231
breastmilk
expressing, reasons for, 224–228 medication within, 331
breastmilk jaundice syndrome, 202 breathing
basic life support and, 352
basic resuscitation of the newborn and, 192–193
first breath by newborn, 189 techniques, parent education classes on,
134
British Acupuncture Council, 317 British Medical Association, 28 British National Formulary, 327, 332 British Pharmacology Society, 328 Brook organisation, 277
buccal, definition of, 343
buccal route, of medication administration, 330t
Buddhists, contraception and views of, 269t
bullying, definition of, 27, 38
burial, 380, 381
burnout, 10, 75
Butler, Judith, 43

 

cabergoline, 331
caesarean section, 157
definition of, 162
depression during late pregnancy and, 289
emergency, PTSD and, 288
follow-up care for women after, 167 increase in number of, 71
older age conception and, 108f resuscitation events and, 354
urgent peri-mortem, thromboembolism and, 368
walking, upright positions, and reduced need for, 149
CAM.
See
Complementary and alternative medicines
Cancer Research UK, 246
Candida albicans
(thrush), 228 identifying and managing, 229 postnatal examination for, 172
cannabis, 256
capillary blood sample, serum bilirubin levels and, 200
caput succedaneum (oedema of the scalp) definition of, 207
examining for, 195t carbamazepime, 254
carbon monoxide breath tests, 254 carboprost, 359
cardiac anomalies, 189
cardiac malformations, anti-epileptic treatments and, 254
cardiogenic shock, 347
cardiopulmonary arrest, 350
cardiotocograph, 356
definition of, 162
monitoring, 143
cardiovascular system, postpartum state of, 169
care
healthy psychological adaptation to motherhood and, 176–177
one-to-one support in labour and, 152–153
woman-centred, 23, 33, 35, 121, 122, 124,

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