God’s Traitors: Terror & Faith in Elizabethan England (82 page)

Somerville, John 106

Southwell, Robert, S.J. xviii, 133, 134–7, 137
n
, 138, 141, 143, 147, 148, 152, 161, 165, 167, 168–72, 177
n
, 181, 187–8, 190, 197, 198, 201–5, 205
n
, 206, 217, 218
n
, 219, 238, 251, 252, 339

Spain xix, 4, 17, 23, 27, 36–7, 52, 54, 70, 72, 89, 90, 95, 96–7, 106, 113, 136, 141, 156–7, 158–65, 160
n
, 197, 218
n
, 227, 267
n
, 273, 274, 280, 281, 346, 359, 359
n see also under individual monarch name

Stamp, Thomas (priest) 89, 101, 102, 131

Stanley Grange 177, 355

Stanley, Sir William 206, 208

Stanney, Thomas, S.J. 189, 197, 285

Stonor, Dame Cecily 67

Stonyhurst College, Lancashire 173, 177, 356

Strange, Thomas,
alias
Anderton, S.J. 188–9, 299, 304, 304
n
, 305, 333

Stuart, Arbella 275, 278

Suffolk, Thomas Howard, Earl of 265–7, 267
n
, 301, 352

Sugar, John,
alias
Sweet 278–9

Surrey, Henry Howard, Earl of 11, 35, 79, 267
n

Sutton, Robert 172, 172
n
, 173, 174

Swetnam, Francis 309–10

Swynnerton, Sir John 315, 318–20

syneisactism (men and women working together chastely for God) 340

Synod of Southwark, 1580 56–7, 70, 86

Talbot, John 128

Tasborough, Lady 286, 301–2, 315

Tate, William 308, 309, 310, 311, 312, 405

Tattnall, Henry 298

Tesimond, Oswald,
alias
Greenway, S.J. xviii, 167, 187, 207, 218, 259, 271, 272, 290–1, 292–3, 300, 317, 322–3, 324, 331, 335, 342, 346, 348, 349

Thames Street, London 289–93, 336

Thimelby, Edward,
alias
Ashby 185, 355

Thornbury, William 304, 309

Throckmorton Plot, 1583 96–7, 104
n
, 105

Throckmorton, Edward 48

Throckmorton, Francis 48, 97, 97
n
, 104
n

Throckmorton, Sir Arthur 45

Throckmorton, Thomas 97

Tichborne, Chidiock 132

Topcliffe, Richard xix, 90–1, 99, 199–202, 200
n
, 204, 206, 207, 210, 238, 251

torture xix, 4, 5, 34, 67, 68, 71–4, 84, 90
n
, 93
n
, 94, 119, 134, 153, 179, 198, 199, 202, 203, 204, 206, 209, 244–6, 250, 257, 306, 324, 331, 333, 334, 365

Tottel, Richard 133, 133–4
n

Tottel’s Miscellany
(Tottel) 11, 133–4
n

Tower of London 1, 5, 36
n
, 66, 68, 83, 105, 149, 202, 203, 219, 244, 245, 246, 247,
247
, 248, 249, 251, 254, 266, 271, 278, 306, 316, 329, 331, 332, 333, 341, 343, 348, 350, 351, 355

Trayford, William 120

Treaty of Cateau-Cambrésis, 1559 23

Treaty of London, 1604 281

Tresham family 20, 33, 38, 97
n see also under individual family member name

Tresham Papers 5, 81, 102, 226, 254

Tresham, Francis (son of Sir Thomas Tresham) 227, 272, 273, 277, 280, 284, 291, 294, 295–6, 296
n
, 299, 300, 324, 343–4

Tresham, Meriel,
née
Throckmorton (wife of Sir Thomas Tresham) 83, 97
n
, 100, 164

Tresham, Sir Thomas (brother-in-law to William, Lord Vaux) xviii, 38, 46; agreement with Lord Vaux to grant dowries for daughters in return for a fifteen-year annuity, 1571 32, 91–2, 214–17, 227, 232; Vaux family, connection to 33, 38, 46, 78, 82; assault of Henry Norwich, role in, 1576 38, 227; placed on Burghley’s list of untrustworthy recusants 60; Mildmay interrogates 76–7, 78–9, 87; Persons claims as early convert to Jesuit mission 76
n
; character 77, 82, 89, 91, 227, 228–9; committed to Fleet prison, 1581 79; drafts letter for Lord Vaux to send to Lady Montagu 80, 82; dominates Lord Vaux 82, 92, 226–7; Star Chamber trial, 1581 83, 86, 86–8, 91, 227; communication with Spanish ambassador 90, 95, 131–2, 227; examined over secret Masses in Fleet prison 90, 91; fined 91; Elizabeth Vaux’s decision to become a nun in Rouen, involvement in 91–2; as ruthless estate manager 92, 226; Lennox Plot and 95; Throckmorton Plot and 97
n
; on Henry Vaux’s decision to relinquish his inheritance 98; released from Fleet and allowed to live in Hoxton 100; niece Merill Vaux brought up in Hoxton house of 100; raid on Hoxton house, 1584 101–2, 105; commissions new objects of worship 101; Hugh Yates and 102; 1585 petition 107–8; Hoxton fund for Catholic priests in England, role in 109–10; Eliza Vaux and 112–13, 223, 224, 225–34, 235, 236, 253, 272; opposes marriage of George Vaux 116, 225, 226, 227, 231, 233, 274; Babington Plot, refuses role in 131–2; patriotism 132, 162, 228; commitment of Henry Vaux to Marshalsea and 138–9; death of Henry Vaux, reaction to 139; on Eleanor Vaux 147; financial dispute with Anne Vaux 153, 214–17, 227; Spanish Armada and 159–60, 162, 163, 164; confined at Ely during periods of Spanish threat 164, 165, 232–3, 234; Tresham Papers and 227–8; death of Elizabeth I, reaction to 228; nephew Ambrose Vaux and 228, 237, 241, 243; architectural projects 228–9; grievances 229; Merill Vaux marriage and 232–3, 235, 236; Catesby and 272, 273; proclaims James I at Northampton, 1603 276; James I promises to remit recusancy fines in return for dutiful conduct 277; Bye Plot and 278, 291; death 227, 295, 344

Tresham, Sir Thomas (grandfather of Sir Thomas Tresham) 20

Tresham, William 48, 90, 95, 276–7

Tuke, Henry 89, 90, 91

Tutbury Castle, Staffordshire 27

Tyburn, Middlesex 43, 58, 68, 70, 71, 88, 102, 122, 137, 172
n
, 174, 200, 202, 249
n
, 253, 287

Tyrrell, Anthony 121
n
, 130, 131, 137, 137
n
, 138

Vachell, William 100

Vaux, family of: family tree
xv
; members of xii
see also under individual name
; pronunciation of name 3; Tudors and 9; history of 9–10; barony falls into abeyance, 1663 363; barony revived, 1838 363

Vaux, Ambrose (son of William, 3rd Baron Vaux): as black sheep of Vaux family xvii, 3, 236–43, 256; assault on Henry Norwich and, 1576 39, 237; at Rheims 94–5; pilgrimage to Jerusalem, 1609 96
n
, 238–1, 243, 277; Vaux heir, 1585 224, 236; Eliza Roper and 225, 227, 229, 233, 236; Thomas Tresham and 228, 237, 241, 243; debts 237, 239; military service in Low Countries 238–9; Guy Fawkes and 238, 281; marries 239–41; reputation and physique 241–3; knighthood 243; effect of recusancy on 243

Vaux, Anne (daughter of William, 3rd Baron Vaux): ‘Mistress Perkins’ alias xvii, 146, 153, 186, 219, 301, 330; ‘the virgin’ xvii, 146, 147, 168; harbours Garnet xviii, 146, 152, 166, 167, 186, 187, 188, 189, 190, 191, 192–6, 197; imprisoned and interrogated in Tower of London 1–2, 3, 341–6, 351; White Webbs and
see
White Webbs; Catesby and
see
Catesby, Robert; pilgrimage to St Winifred’s Well, Wales, 1605 1, 2, 286–9, 291, 293, 336; link to Gunpowder Plot 1, 2, 3, 153, 286–9, 291, 293, 294–5, 299, 301, 304, 324, 325, 326, 328, 336, 341–6, 347, 351; nature of relationship with Henry Garnet 2, 146, 147–8, 150, 151, 152, 338–44, 347–9, 350–3; correspondence with imprisoned Garnet (etched in orange juice) 2, 330–4, 336–9, 339
n
; birth 20, 44, 145; dowry 32, 91, 214–27, 232, 235, 236; dedicates life to English Jesuit mission 44, 140, 145, 354–6; suspects Thomas Tresham has put pressure on sister Elizabeth to become a nun in Rouen 91–2; death of Henry Vaux and 139, 140; character 146–7, 151, 343; health 146, 195, 347; escorts Garnet on travels 147–8; as gatekeeper to Garnet 150; assists Jesuit mission financially 153; measure of protection from prosecution 155, 156; household 165, 166–73, 182–96, 197; John Wilson dedicates translation of
The Treasure of Vowed Chastity
to 167, 211; chastity and virginity, daily life and 167–73; ‘Garnet’s Straw’ and 175, 331–3; 1591 raid and 192–6, 197, 198; ‘Jesuitess’ 211–14; brings lawsuit against Thomas Tresham 214–17, 227, 235, 236; Gerard and 245, 247, 249–50, 253; returns to Harrowden Hall, 1605 295; search of Hindlip, 1606, and 324, 325, 326, 328; follows Garnet to London, 1606 329, 330, 331, 333, 334; arrested, 1606 341–2; imprisoned in the Tower of London 341–6, 351; Garnet entrusts with instructions for the Jesuits 348; Garnet’s farewell to 348–9; Garnet’s execution and 350; released from prison 351; continues after death of Garnet to dedicate herself to mission 351–6; dedicatory epistles to 355–6; Residence of St Anne and 356

Vaux, Anne,
née
Green (wife of 1st Lord Vaux) 9

Vaux, Edward (son of William, 3rd Baron Vaux): birth 21; at Rheims 95; death 112, 114, 224, 230

Vaux, Edward, 4th Baron Vaux of Harrowden (son of Eliza and George Vaux): Vaux title passes to 230, 255; military service 237; mother secures wardship of 255; education 255; marriage suit 265–7, 303, 362; Gunpowder Plot and 308, 309, 316; in Parliament 354; travels in Italy 356; refuses to take oath of allegiance 357–8, 359; tried and imprisoned 358–9, 358
n
; transferred to custody of Dean of Westminster 359; command of English regiment serving under Spanish banner in Flanders 359, 359
n
, 360; fight with Richard Knightley, 1625 360–1; sent to Fleet 361; takes oath of allegiance 361; English Civil War and 361; dies 361–2

Vaux/Knollys, Edward (probable son of Edward, 4th Baron Vaux) 258
n
, 362

Vaux, Eliza,
née
Roper (wife of George Vaux) 221, 235; possessor of ‘irresistible feminine passions’ xvii, 225; Gerard and xviii, 254, 255–60, 304, 305, 306, 312, 314–15, 316–17, 318, 319–20; marriage to George Vaux 112–13, 223; Thomas Tresham questions motives of 112–13, 223–4, 225–6; ransacking of house, 1611 178, 223, 356–7; feud with Thomas Tresham 221, 225–7, 229, 230–4, 235, 236, 253; first comes to Harrowden Hall, 1585 223, 230; family background 224–5; character and appearance 225; Ambrose Vaux and 225, 227, 229, 233, 236; death of husband and 230, 254–5; pursuit of Vaux patrimony 230, 254–5; seizes property in Irthlingborough 233; truce between Anne Vaux, Merill Vaux and 235; moves into Vaux house in Irthlingborough 254–7; secures wardship of son, Edward 254, 255; raid on Kirby Hall, 1599, and 257–8; move back to Harrowden Hall, 1599 258–9; protected by family connections 259–60; contribution to English mission 262; proselytising 262–4; letter to Agnes Wenman (
Pray, for Tottenham may turn French
) 265–6, 267, 285, 286, 294, 301–5, 307, 313, 315; marriage suit of son, Edward, and 265–7, 303; Gunpowder Plot and 286, 301–7, 308, 313–20; return to Harrowden Hall, 1606 356; finances affected by recusancy 356; sent to Fleet prison 357, 358, 358
n
, 359; released from prison 359; at Boughton (manor on the Vaux estate) 359, 360; death 361

Vaux, Elizabeth,
née
Beaumont (first wife of William, 3rd Baron Vaux) 19–20, 32, 40

Vaux, Elizabeth,
née
Cheney (wife of 2nd Lord Vaux) 11, 12

Vaux, Elizabeth (widow of William Wyborne, wife of Ambrose Vaux) 239–41

Vaux, Elizabeth (daughter of William, 3rd Baron Vaux) 20; dowry 32, 91, 92, 214; nun in France, 1582 46, 91–2, 94, 95, 102, 214

Vaux, Lady Elizabeth,
née
Howard (mistress, later wife of Edward, 4th Baron Vaux) 265, 303, 361, 362

Vaux, George (son of William, 3rd Baron Vaux) xvii, 21; assault on Henry Norwich, 1576, role in 39, 237; marriage 82, 224, 225; in France 97–8, 131; becomes Vaux heir 98, 215, 229; recusancy indictments 100; Ralph Miller and 104; marriage to Eliza Roper 112–13, 223, 225, 229, 231
see also
Vaux, Eliza; Thomas Tresham and 112–13, 223, 229, 231, 272; Anthony Babington and 123–4, 128; death 254

Vaux, Henry, 5th Baron Vaux of Harrowden (son of George and Eliza Vaux) 356, 363

Vaux, Henry (son of William, 3rd Baron Vaux) xvii, 20; letter from Campion to, 1570 7–8, 24–7, 44–5; Edmund Campion as tutor to 7–8, 26, 45, 53, 139, 140; entrusted to care of maternal grandmother in Leicestershire 31, 43; poetry 38, 45, 75, 139; annuity 48; ventures to London 48; aids missionary priests 52–3; Campion mission into England and 56, 60; Edward Brooksby and 66; property conveyed to by father 92; relinquishes his inheritance 97–8; in Catholic underground 99, 100, 109–11, 137; recusancy indictments 100; Gratley and 105; as treasurer of Hoxton mission fund 109–11, 136; Babington and 112, 130, 131; Weston and 130; Garnet/Southwell mission and 135, 136, 137, 138; committed to the Marshalsea 138, 139; death 139–40, 230; legacy 140; sisters and 147, 153; enlargement of library at Harrowden Hall 258