God's War: A New History of the Crusades (185 page)

pilgrimages to
43
,
55
,
56
,
65
,
68
–70,
74
,
81
–2,
83
,
116
,
167
,
169
,
180
,
216
–18,
221
,
243
–4,
251
–3,
329
,
330
,
379
,
662
,
826

recovery of, plans and schemes for
827
–34,
836
,
840
,
853
–4,
855
,
866
,
870
,
872
,
881

second kingdom of
715
–33,
764
,
806
–8,
813
–22

siege and fall of (638)
51
–2; (1099)
31
,
60
,
82
–3,
117
,
142
,
153
–60,
351
,
374
,
554
,
887
–8; (1187)
351
,
356
,
372
–4; (1244)
771
,
772

Jews
78
,
100
,
108
,
155
,
227
,
284
,
389
,
482
,
757
,
804
,
867

persecution of (1096)
55
,
59
,
61
,
71
,
79
,
95
,
97
,
100
–106,
282
; (1099)
158
; (1146–7)
282
–6,
292
; (1190)
438
–9; (in Spain)
656
; (by Louis IX)
778
,
804
; (1320)
881

jihad
21
,
52
–4,
269
–73,
334
,
344
–5,
352
–3,
657
,
846

Joan, queen of Sicily
442
,
443
,
461

Joan of Arc
909
–10

Joannitza, king of Bulgaria
550
,
555
–6

Jocelyn of Brakelond, monk and chronicler
393

John, bishop of Speyer
101

John, king of England
393
,
431
,
466
,
470
,
484
,
496
,
502
,
508
,
576
,
582
,
587
–9,
595
,
612
–13,
615
,
620
,
623
,
895

John, king of Sweden
695

John, lord of Joinville, crusader and memorialist
776
,
779
,
781
,
782
–3,
787
–801 passim,
805
,
809
,
814

John, saint, Book of Revelation of
31
,
157

John I Tzimisces, Byzantine emperor
53

John II Comnenus, Byzantine emperor
188
,
194
,
265
,
268
,
323
,
534

John II, king of France
832
,
883

John IV the Oxite, patriarch of Antioch
193

John V Palaeologus, Byzantine emperor
847
,
849
,
851

John VI Cantacuzene, Byzantine emperor
843
,
851

John VIII, pope
38

John VIII Palaeologus, Byzantine emperor
849
–50,
859

John XII, pope
6

John XXII, pope
830
,
835
,
889
,
899
–900,
901

John the Baptist
30
,
254
,
497

John of Basingstoke, scholar
537

John Beaufort
853
–4

John Bessarion, cardinal
844
,
846
,
849

John of Brienne, king of Jerusalem, emperor of Constantinople
556
–7,
612
,
629
,
630
–32,
639
,
641
,
642
–7,
716
,
725
,
736
,
740
,
741
,
743
,
756
,
897

John Bromyard, OP
891

John of Capistrano, Observant Franciscan and saint
866
–9,
891

John the Fearless, count of Nevers, duke of Burgundy
854
–7,
858
,
861

John of Friaise
510

John of Gaunt, duke of Lancaster
853
,
854
,
901

John Hunyadi, regent of Hungary
862
–3,
867
–9

John of Ibelin, lord of Arsuf
727
,
728

John of Ibelin, ‘Old Lord of Beirut’
494
,
725
,
748

John of Ibelin, count of Jaffa
727
,
728
,
729
–31,
784
,
787
,
791
,
806

Le Livre des Assises
729
–30

John of Mantua
67

John Paston II, owner of a book on Richard I
886

John Paul II, pope
560
,
917

John Phocas, pilgrim
221

John of Plano Carpini, OFM
785

John Sarrasin, French civil servant
787

John Scot Erigena
37

John Torcello, Greek agent
859

John of Würzburg, pilgrim
217
,
221
,
253
,
677

John Wyclif, heresiarch
901
,
905

De Cruciata
901

John of Xanten, preacher
619

Joscelin I of Courtenay, count of Edessa
186
–7,
221
,
271

Joscelin II of Courtenay, count of Edessa
188
–9,
268
,
331

Joscelin III of Courtenay, titular count of Edessa
357
,
358
–60,
364

Joscius, archbishop of Tyre
374
,
376
,
493

Joseph, monk of Canterbury and pilgrim
83

Julian Caesarini, cardinal
862
–3

Julius II, pope
901

Julius III, pope
902

just war
32
–51,
258

Kalavun, sultan of Egypt
732
,
817
,
818

Kalojan, king of Bulgaria
510

Kalonymos, rabbi of Mainz
101
–2

al-Kamil, sultan of Egypt
630
–49 passim,
742
,
745
–6,
747
–52,
755
,
764

Karaman
427

Kerak
203
,
224
,
363
,
367
,
372
,
639

Kerbogha, atabeg of Mosul
129
,
134
,
137
,
138
,
140
–41,
143
,
144
,
146
–7,
149
,
186
,
204
,
246

Khwarazmians, Turkish freebooters
746
,
769
,
771

Kibotos
82
,
98
,
99
,
108
,
119

Kilij Arslan I, sultan of Rum
124
,
127
,
128
,
129
–30,
174
,
203

Kilij Arslan II, sultan of Rum
419
,
426

Knightsbridge
255

Konya
131
,
534

see also
Iconium

Koran, the, translations of
245
,
859

Kossovo, battle of (1389)
843
,
863
; (1448)
863

La Forbie, battle of (1244)
771

La Merced, Order of
667

Ladislaus, king of Bohemia
282

Ladislaus IV, king of Hungary
862
–3

Lambert, bishop of Arras
63

Landulph, Byzantine agent
327

Lapps
4

Las Navas de Tolosa, battle of (1212)
612
,
668
–9

Lateran, St John, palace and church of, Rome

First General Church Council at (1123)
488
–9,
664

Third General Church Council at (1179)
489
,
551
,
578
,
580
,
583

Fourth General Church Council at (1215)
260
,
387
,
481
,
482
,
487
,
568
,
585
,
598
–9,
616
–17,
687
,
893

Fifth General Church Council at (1512–17)
873

Lattakiah
117
,
135
–6,
150
,
161
,
178
,
190
,
193
,
628
,
817

Lavaur, massacre at (1211)
579
–80,
584
,
585

Lazarus, Order of
256
–7

Leo II, king of Armenia
490
,
493
–4,
632
,
644
,
716

Leo III, pope
5

Leo IV, pope
38

Leo IX, pope
14
,
46

Leopold V, duke of Austria
398
–9,
418
,
453
,
472
,
478

Leopold VI, duke of Austria
487
,
584
,
606
,
615
,
626
,
629
,
635
,
669

Lepanto, battle of (1571)
903
–4

Limoges
72
,
74

Lincoln, battle of (1217)
896

Lisbon, siege of (1147)
300
,
304
,
308
–17,
665

Lithuania
677
,
682
,
684
,
689
,
693
–4,
705
–10

Livonia
488
,
491
,
500
,
681
,
685
–94,
701
,
705
,
706
,
711

Livre au Roi
729

Livy
32

locusts, plagues of
181

Lombards
61
,
98
,
172
–3,
174
,
175
,
224

War of
725
–6

London, Londoners
3
,
300
,
309
,
396
,
412
,
414
,
432
,
438
,
608

Lorraine, Lorrainers
59
,
62
,
79
,
81
,
108
–10,
293

Louis, duke of Orléans
854

Louis I, count of Blois
502
–3,
505
,
507
–8,
510
,
518
,
520
,
550
,
556
,
613

Louis I, count of Clermont, duke of Bourbon
878
–9,
880
–81,
883

Louis I, duke of Bavaria
625
,
645
,
741

Louis II, duke of Bourbon
852
–3,
883

Louis III, landgrave of Thuringia
413
,
418
,
428

Louis IV, king of Germany
705
,
830
,
899

Louis IV, landgrave of Thuringia
744
,
746
–7

Louis VII, king of France
16
,
18
,
252
,
275
–81,
283
,
289
–338 passim,
384
,
420
,
489
,
550
,
580
,
737

Louis VIII, king of France
451
,
453
,
566
,
576
,
588
,
592
,
598
–601,
620
,
622

Louis IX, king of France
345
,
558
,
601
,
670
,
727
,
728
,
737
,
758
,
759
,
762
,
769
,
830
,
881
,
908

first crusade
604
,
722
,
770
–802,
803
–4,
909

second crusade
805
–14

Louis XI, king of France
870

Louis XII, king of France
873

Lowestoft
414

Lübeck
305
,
430
,
685
,
689
,
690
–92,
701
,
702
,
704
,
744

Lucca
61
,
118

Lucius II, pope
273
–4,
581

Ad abolendam
(1184)
581

Lucius III, pope
342
,
417

Ludolf of Tournai
157

Lydda
153

Lyons

First General Council of the Church at (1245)
772
,
774
,
778
,
779
,
785
,
897