Henry VIII (77 page)
PRO.
Inventory.
Ibid.
It was sold in 1649 by the Commonwealth, and is now in the possession of the Worshipful Company of Goldsmiths, London.
It was given away by James I in 1604, and is now in the British Museum.
Now in the Schatzkammer of the Residenz, Munich.
Cited in
Henry VIII: A European Court in England
.
L&P.
Now in the Church of St. John the Baptist, Cirencester.
L&P.
Inventory.
Nottingham University Library MSS.
PRO.
Now in the Victoria and Albert Museum, London.
PRO.
Inventory.
PPE.
Inventory.
Letter from Henry Huttoft, Surveyor of Customs at Southampton, to Thomas Cromwell, cited by Glasheen.
Inventory.
Collection of Ordinances.
B.L. Harleian MSS.
Bodleian Library MSS.
Rawlinson MSS., Bodleian Library.
Now in the British Library.
French inventory of Mary Tudor's trousseau, cited by Norris,
Tudor Costume and Fashion
(hereafter cited as Norris).
Bodleian Library MSS.
Thomas Platter,
Travels of England
(London, 1599); PRO.
Accounts of Henry Courtenay, Earl of Devon and Marquess of Exeter, in the Public Record Office.
Cited by Thurley.
Original Letters,
ed. Ellis.
Collection of Ordinances.
Cited in L. B. Smith, Henry VIII: The Mask of Royalty.
Collection of Ordinances.
Rawlinson MSS., Bodleian Library.
Ibid.
Bodleian Library MSS.
Collection of Ordinances.
Ibid.
Ibid.
Ibid.
Ibid.
Ibid.
L&P; Longleat MSS., Bath, Historical Manuscripts Commission.
PRO.
Ibid.; B.L. Additional MSS.; Thurley.
Andrew Boorde; Bodleian Library MSS.
Collection of Ordinances; Early English Meals and Manners.
Collection of Ordinances;
Thurley.
Erickson,
Great Harry
.
Ibid.;
The Babees' Book
.
Thurley.
Steane; Thurley.
Sturgis.
Andrew Boorde.
Rawlinson MSS., Bodleian Library.
Ibid.
Tudor Royal Proclamations.
7 “The Worship and Welfare of the Whole Household”
Collection of Ordinances;
Myers; Loades,
Tudor Court;
Thurley,
Royal Palaces
. Much of the material for this chapter is drawn from
A Collection of Ordinances and Regulations for the Government of the Royal Household
; among the many other sources consulted, David Loades's
The Tudor Court
proved an indispensable mine of information.
Collection of Ordinances.
Cited in Loades,
Tudor Court
.
Collection of Ordinances.
Ibid.
Cited in Loades,
Tudor Court
.
Collection of Ordinances.
Prior to Henry VIII's reign, the monarch's washing had been done by the Yeomen of the Laundry.
Collection of Ordinances.
James Howell,
Londinopolis
(London, 1657).
Cited in Erickson,
Great Harry
.
PPE.
Collection of Ordinances.
Ibid.
Cited by Bowle.
B.L. Arundel MSS.
State Papers; B.L. Harleian MSS.
Sim.
L&P.
Now in the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York; a similar miniature is in the Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna.
Cited in Erickson,
Great Harry
.
Collection of Ordinances; B.L. Cotton MSS.: Vespasian.
Collection of Ordinances.
Ibid.
L&P.
Ibid.
Collection of Ordinances.
Ibid.
The Board of the Greencloth survives today as a department of the Royal Household; it meets at Buckingham Palace, and its members still sit at a table covered with a green cloth.
Collection of Ordinances.
B.L. Additional MSS.; PRO.
Loades.
L&P; Collection of Ordinances.
Brears.
Cited by Mackie.
Four Years at the Court of Henry VIII;
CSP: Venetian.
Jacobus Francisca.
Collection of Ordinances; B.L. Royal MSS.
Public Record Office.
Marino Sanuto.
Cited by Norris.
Norris.
L&P.
John Stow,
Annals
.
State Papers.
B.L. Additional MSS.
PRO.
Bodleian Library MSS.
Cited in Erickson,
Great Harry
.
Ibid.
Charles Wriothesley.
L&P.
Rawlinson MSS., Bodleian Library; PRO.
PPE.
L&P; Brears; Thurley.
8 “Such Plenty of Costly Provision”
Seymour Papers.
Collection of Ordinances.
Rivals in Power.
Cardinal Wolsey built the original kitchens at Hampton Court, but much of what remains today is Henry VIII's work. His kitchens were partitioned in the seventeenth century, and last used in the eighteenth. They were altered in the nineteenth century, and imaginatively restored between 1978 and 1991. They are now the best surviving example of sixteenth-century service quarters. Only a small part of the complex, centred on Fish Court, is open to the public. The rest is used as offices, apartments and self-catering accommodation. The Boiling House is the only one of Henry's subsidiary kitchens to survive at Hampton Court.
CSP: Spanish.
For this chapter and the next, I have relied heavily on the
Collection of Ordinances and Regulations for the Government of the Royal Household
. I am also deeply indebted to the researches of Peter Brears
(All the King's Cooks)
, Alison Sim
(Food and Feast in Tudor England)
, Sarah Paston-Williams
(The Art of Dining)
, Matthew Sturgis
(Hampton Court Palace)
, Elizabeth Burton
(The Early Tudors at Home)
and Simon Thurley
(Royal Palaces)
.
Brears; Thurley, Royal Palaces; Rawlinson MSS., Bodleian Library; B.L. Additional MSS.
Collection of Ordinances; L&P.
Collection of Ordinances.
Sim.
L&P; Pero Doux's name is also given as Perot le Doulce.
L&P.
Seymour Papers.
L&P.
Collection of Ordinances.
These five departments had the largest staffs after the Great Kitchen.
Brears; L&P.
Andrew Boorde; Thomas Elyot.
L&P.
Thurley.
Bowle.
It was called hippocras because it was strained through a bag known as a Hippocrates Sleeve.
B.L. Additional MSS.
Collection of Ordinances.
Andrew Barclay.
Collection of Ordinances.
PRO; B.L. Royal MSS.
L&P.
William Harrison.
L&P.
Collection of Ordinances.
Thurley.
Brears.
Collection of Ordinances.
Brears
Collection of Ordinances.
PPE.
Ibid.
Collection of Ordinances.
Marzipan made with rose water.
Collection of Ordinances.
CSP: Venetian.
Collection of Ordinances.
Ibid.
Ibid.; Neville Williams,
Henry VIII and His Court;
Loades,
Tudor Court
.
Collection of Ordinances.
Ibid.
Ibid.; Glasheen,
Secret People of the Palaces;
Richardson,
Mary Tudor
.
Hibbert,
Court at Windsor
.
Collection of Ordinances.
Andrew Boorde.
Pewter plates were first recorded in 1553, but are almost certainly depicted in the anonymous painting of the Field of Cloth of Gold, which dates from the 1540s and is now in the Royal Collection (Paston-Williams).
Inventory.
Paston-Williams; Brears.
Inventory.
Collection of Ordinances;
Brears.
Collection of Ordinances.
The Babees' Book.
Collection of Ordinances.
9 “Elegant Manners, Extreme Decorum, and Very Great Politeness”
Skelton's Speculum Principis.
The coronations were those of Henry himself (1509) and Anne Boleyn (1533); the summit meeting was the Field of Cloth of Gold (1520); the state visits were that of the Emperor Charles V to England (1522) and that of Henry VIII to France (1532); Anne of Cleves's reception was in 1540.
Thurley; Norris.
John Leland,
Collectanea
.
Collection of Ordinances.
Hibbert,
Court at Windsor
.
Sturgis.
Cited in Erickson,
Great Harry
.
George Cavendish.
Elias Ashmole.
CSP: Venetian.
L&P.
Inventory.
Cited by Sim.
Inventory.
Collection of Ordinances.
Ibid.
Collection of Ordinances; Antiquarian Repertory.
Collection of Ordinances.
Ibid.; PPE.
Collection of Ordinances.
Ibid.;
Antiquarian Repertory
.
Inventory; “a tassel of hair to make clean combs” is also listed.
Collection of Ordinances.
L&P.
B.L. Additional MSS.; Rawlinson MSS., Bodleian Library; B.L. Harleian MSS.; Thurley,
Royal Palaces
.
Thomas Platter; Thurley.
Inventory; Thurley.
Ibid.
Thurley; Rawlinson MSS., Bodleian Library; Inventory.
L&P.
Inventory of Mary Tudor's trousseau, cited by Norris.
Inventory.
Bodleian Library MSS.; Rawlinson MSS., Bodleian Library; Thurley.
Cited by Sturgis.
L&P.
Ibid.; CSP: Spanish.
Thurley.
Collection of Ordinances.
Sturgis.
Rawlinson MSS., Bodleian Library.
Cited in Erickson,
Great Harry
.
Starkey,
Henry VIII; Collection of Ordinances
.
Norris.
Collection of Ordinances.
Inventory.
Ibid.; Brears.
Collection of Ordinances.
PPE.
Letter of Henry Huttoft, Surveyor of Customs at Southampton, to Thomas Cromwell, 1539.
This drawing was once attributed to Holbein, but more recent historians have suggested that it dates from the late sixteenth or early seventeenth century. There is, however, internal evidence that it may be contemporary. For a fuller discussion of this, see Thurley,
Royal Palaces,
and
Henry VIII: A European Court in England
.
Collection of Ordinances;
Inventory; Brears.
Inventory;
Sotheby's Concise Encyclopaedia of Glass;
Sim. Henry's Inventory lists six hundred items of glass.
Collection of Ordinances.
Letter of Bryan Tuke to Cardinal Wolsey, L&P.
Letters of Henry VIII; CSP: Spanish.
Cited in Erickson,
Great Harry
.
Inventory.
Collection of Ordinances;
Bowle; Neville Williams,
Royal Residences
.
Ralph Sadler to Thomas Cromwell, L&P.
PRO.
Hibbert,
Court at Windsor;
Chapman,
Sisters of Henry VIII;
Prescott,
Mary Tudor; Early English Meals and Manners
.
L&P; CSP: Spanish.
10 “Innocent and Honest Pastimes”
CSP: Spanish.
Ibid.
Cited in Richardson,
Mary Tudor
.
CSP: Spanish.
Ibid.; L&P.
Cited in Scarisbrick,
Henry VIII
.
CSP: Milanese.
Stow,
Annals
.
Starkey,
Henry VIII; Loades, Tudor Court
.
CSP: Venetian.
CSP: Spanish.
Erasmus,
Opus Epistolarum
.
Four Years at the Court of Henry VIII
(cited hereafter as
Four Years
).
Much of our information on Wolsey comes from the biography by his Gentleman Usher, George Cavendish, published in 1557.
Cited by Mackie.
L&P; Edward Hall.
L&P.
PPE.
William Roper.
Nicholas Udall,
Ralph Roister Doister
.
B.L. Additional MSS.
Ibid.
L&P.
CSP: Spanish.
Antiquarian Repertory.
Cited in Rowse,
Windsor Castle
.
CSP: Milanese.
CSP: Venetian.
Four Years.
Cited by Perry.
B.L. Additional MSS.; PPE.
Privy Purse Expenses of Elizabeth of York.
Four Years.
PPE; L&P.
Collection of Ordinances.
L&P; Statutes of the Realm.
Cited by Stevens.
PPE.
PRO.
L&P.
Ibid.
Accounts of Henry Courtenay, Earl of Devon and Marquess of Exeter, in the Public Record Office.
L&P.
PPE.
Ibid.
Cited in Loades,
Tudor Court;
Emmison,
Tudor Food and Pastimes
.
11 “New Men” and “Natural Counsellors”
Cited in Neville Williams,
Henry VIII and His Court
.
Antiquarian Repertory.
Collection of Ordinances.
Cited in Starkey,
Henry VIII
.
Cited in Loades,
Tudor Court
.
Cited by Norris.
Collection of Ordinances.
Ibid.
Ibid.
Ibid.
Cited in Richardson,
Mary Tudor
.
Edward Hall. according to a tradition dating from Elizabethan times, the “Brandon Lance” in the Royal Armouries once belonged to Charles Brandon.