Henry VIII (80 page)
Base Court remains much as it was in Wolsey's day, despite some Victorian restoration. The rest of the palace has been greatly altered, and all the Cardinal's private apartments have disappeared. The so-called Wolsey Closet is a twentieth-century reconstruction.
Wolsey's banqueting hall may have been on the site of the present Great Watching Chamber. The existing oriel window was perhaps constructed to lighten the Cardinal's table.
CSP: Venetian.
Sturgis.
Today, Unilever House occupies the site.
CSP: Venetian; L&P.
Four Years.
CSP: Venetian.
Four Years.
CSP: Venetian.
CSP: Spanish.
Polydore Vergil.
George Cavendish.
Polydore Vergil.
John Skelton.
His daughter Dorothy became a nun at Shaftesbury Abbey, Dorset. His son, Thomas Winter, took holy orders while still very young, and received, through Wolsey's influence, thirteen lucrative benefices and offices. Joan Lark was the daughter of a Thetford innkeeper; her brother, who was Master of Trinity Hall, Cambridge, was Wolsey's confessor. Wolsey arranged for Joan to be married to a gentleman, Mr. Legh; it is not known whether he continued having relations with her after the marriage.
Cited by Perry.
Polydore Vergil.
Cited by Mackie.
Cited in Erickson,
Great Harry.
George Cavendish.
L&P.
George Cavendish.
Letters of King Henry VIII.
23 “The Pearl of the World”
This is the third-largest hammerbeam roof surviving in England, after those in Westminster Hall and Christ Church, Oxford.
William Lambarde.
History of the King's Works.
PRO.
Edward Hall; Raphael Holinshed; Brewer.
This coat of arms may be seen in situ in an engraving of 1786 by George Vertue (Society of Antiquaries of London).
Watercolours of the stained-glass portraits of Henry and Katherine were painted in 1737 by Daniel Chandler (Society of Antiquaries of London).
Four Years.
John Leland, Collectanea; B.L. Cotton MSS.: Julius; Collection of Ordinances.
CSP: Venetian.
Cited in Erickson,
Great Harry.
Richard Sampson, Bishop of Chichester, cited by Saunders.
The Princess also spent some time at Hanworth; she was there at New Year, 1522, when she received a gift of twelve pairs of shoes from Sir Richard Weston.
History of the King's Works.
A nineteenth-century house now occupies the site.
The present Bruce Castle is a Jacobean building erected on the foundations of the Comptons' house.
L&P.
Cited by Bowle.
Edward Hall.
Ibid.
Cited in
Henry VIII: A European Court in England
.
Richard Foxe,
Letters.
Ibid.
William Roper.
Although The Vyne was remodelled in the classical style in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, the Tudor gallery and chapel remain.
Cited in Neville Williams,
Henry VIII and His Court.
CSP: Venetian; L&P.
L&P.
Edward Hall.
L&P.
Edward Hall; CSP: Venetian.
24 “Multitudes Are Dying Around Us”
Cited in Neville Williams,
Henry VIII and His Court.
Edward Hall.
CSP: Venetian.
L&P.
CSP: Venetian.
Polydore Vergil.
CSP: Venetian.
Ambassades . . . de Jean du Bellay.
Stephen Gardiner;
Letters.
Four Years.
Ibid.
CSP: Venetian.
Ibid.
Ibid.; Edward Hall.
CSP: Venetian.
L&P.
Edward Hall.
CSP: Venetian.
L&P.
Four Years.
CSP: Venetian; State Papers; L&P.
L&P; Horace Walpole, Correspondence; B.L. Sloane MSS.
L&P.
A Treasure for Englishmen concerning the Anatomy of Man's Body,
published 1577. Vicary lived from 1495 to 1561.
Now owned by the Worshipful Company of Barber Surgeons. The original instruments contained in the case are long since lost.
CSP: Spanish.
L&P.
Edward Hall.
CSP: Venetian.
L&P.
Ibid.
CSP: Venetian.
L&P.
Ibid.
Ibid.
B.L. Additional MSS. The letter is catalogued under 1519 in L&P, and some historians have attributed it to 1520, but it fits in very well with the scenario at Easter 1518.
L&P.
Woodstock was decaying by the time the future Elizabeth I was under house arrest there in 1554â1555. It was largely demolished during a siege in 1646, and the ruins were cleared away in 1705 when Blenheim Palace was built nearby. The architect Sir John Vanbrugh used some of its masonry to build a bridge. The site of the palace is marked by a column.
Cited in Erickson,
Great Harry.
25 “The Mother of the King's Son”
Cited in Neville Williams,
Henry VIII and His Court.
CSP: Venetian.
Thomas More, in L&P.
CSP: Venetian.
L&P.
Four Years.
Ibid.; Edward Hall.
Four Years.
Ibid.
Ibid.
L&P.
CSP: Venetian.
George Cavendish.
Ibid.
Cited in Richardson,
Mary Tudor.
L&P.
Until 1520, the French version of the title was used.
Edward Hall.
Four Years.
Beddington Park is now known as Carew Manor. Although much of the house was remodelled in the eighteenth century, the great hall remains. The building is now a special school and is owned by the London Borough of Sutton.
L&P.
Edward Hall.
Ibid.
Ibid.
Ibid.
Ibid.
They were probably related to William Norris, who was Master of the King's hawks in 1509.
Four Years.
Cited by Halliday.
This was the play on which Shakespeare based
A Comedy of Errors
.
At a chapter of the Order of the Garter held at Greenwich in 1517, Henry had declared that it was his intention to be buried at Windsor. He probably chose St. George's Chapel rather than the Henry VII Chapel in Westminster Abbey because of its associations with the Order of the Garter, and also because there was not the room for his tomb in the chapel dominated by his father's monument at Westminster.
Nicholas Bourbon.
State Papers; L&P.
Four Years.
Cited by Lacey.
CSP: Venetian.
Four Years.
Cited by Bowle.
The priory church survives today as the parish church of St. Laurence. Nearby is a brick Georgian house built upon the Tudor foundations of a Tudor house that may have been Jericho. The moat still survives, but the encircling walls have been rebuilt. A long, low Tudor building, now an inn, is reputed to have been Henry VIII's stable block.
Cited by Benton Fletcher.
Cited by Morton Bradley.
Cited by Childe-Pemberton.
L&P.
Elizabeth I created him Earl of Lincoln in 1572.
L&P. Some sources give the date incorrectly as 1521. Ives, Starkey, and Warnicke all agree that the marriage took place in 1520.
The picture of Mary Boleyn is a companion to a portrait said to represent her sister, Anne Boleyn, which derives from Holbein's portrait sketch of an unknown lady at Weston Park, which was not called “Anne Boleyn” until 1649. No source is known for the “Mary Boleyn” portrait.
It was later sold by their son, Henry Carey, to Lord Rich, who greatly enlarged it. The house has been considerably altered since then.
L&P.
Brantôme,
Oeuvres complètes.
Cited by Ashdown.
L&P.
Ibid.
Ibid.
Ibid.
26 “The Eighth Wonder of the World”
CSP: Venetian.
Cited in Neville Williams,
Henry VIII and His Court.
Cited in Richardson,
Mary Tudor.
Edward Hall.
L&P.
Edward Hall.
B.L. Cotton MSS.: Augustus.
Letter from the Earl of Worcester to Henry VIII in L&P.
L&P.
Ibid.
Charles was the son of her elder sister, Juana the Mad, former Queen of Castile, by Philip the Handsome, Duke of Burgundy. Philip was the son of the Emperor Maximilian and was the brother of Margaret of Austria.
Chronicle of Calais; Rutland Papers.
Neville Williams,
Henry VIII and His Court.
The Old Palace where Henry stayed was rebuilt in 1896, using some materials from the earlier building.
Edward Hall.
Ibid.
CSP: Venetian.
Ibid.
Ibid.
Cited in Richardson,
Mary Tudor.
John Fisher.
CSP: Venetian.
Cited in Richardson,
Mary Tudor.
For the meeting, see principally L&P, CSP: Venetian, and Edward Hall. A stone relief in the Hôtel de Bourgtheroulde in Rouen, carved soon after 1520, commemorates the event.
Edward Hall.
Les Mémoires de Martin et Guillaume du Bellay.
Polydore Vergil.
Fleuranges. Robert de la Marck, Seigneur de Fleuranges (1491â1537) took part in the jousts at the Field of Cloth of Gold.
CSP: Venetian.
Polydore Vergil.
John Fisher.
Polydore Vergil.
CSP: Venetian.
Ibid.
Polydore Vergil.
CSP: Venetian.
Ibid.
Anglo,
Hampton Court Painting
.
L&P.
CSP: Venetian.
It was probably hastily made to comply with the new rules governing the design of armour laid down by Francis I in March 1520. This suit incorporates the requisite skirt, or tonlet, and a great helmet called a basinet. It is etched with Tudor roses, the Garter collar and the figures of St. George and the Virgin and Child.
Fleuranges.
Ibid. No English source mentions this incident.
Fleuranges.
CSP: Venetian.
Edward Hall.
Some sources refer to it as a dragon, but it is more likely to have been a salamander in Francis's honour.
The pax was a crystal box containing the consecrated Host.
L&P.
CSP: Venetian.
Cited in Erickson,
Great Harry.
The date is indicated by the mid-sixteenth-century uniforms of the Yeomen of the Guard, other costume details, and the portrayal of the King, which derives from Holbein's portraits. The white greyhounds shown in the painting were probably those given to Henry by Suffolk in 1536.
Both are still in the Royal Collection.
Commissioned in 1518, she had panelled staterooms for the King and Queen, and was a forerunner of the royal yachts.
A few of the people in the procession have been identified: Wolsey rides beside the King, Suffolk and Essex ride behind. Henry is preceded by Dorset, carrying the Sword of State, and Sir Thomas Wriothesley, Garter King of Arms. Neither Katherine nor Mary Tudor can be seen in the procession but may be among the female figures in the banqueting tent, in litters or on horseback. Queen Katherine and Queen Claude may be seen watching the jousting from the stands in the distant tiltyard.
Edward Hall.
Stow,
Annals;
Anglo.
27 “One Man's Disobedience”
Edward Hall.
Polydore Vergil; John Palsgrave.
Cited in Neville Williams,
Henry VIII and His Court.
CSP: Venetian.
L&P.
Original Letters,
ed. Ellis.
CSP: Venetian.
L&P.
CSP: Venetian.
Cited in Neville Williams,
Henry VIII and His Court.
L&P.
Ibid.
Ibid.
Ibid.
It reverted to the Crown on his death in 1525.
Henry VIII,
Assertio.
Henry VIII,
Letters.
William Roper.
L&P.
William Roper.
CSP: Venetian.
L&P.
The title is still used by the Queen today, even though the faith she defends is that of the Protestant Church of England, not the Catholic Church of Rome. Eleven presentation copies of Henry's book survive. One is in the Vatican, another, autographed, is in the Royal Library at Windsor.
Edward Hall.
Cited by Funck-Brentano.
Henry VIII,
Letters.
Doernberg; John Scarisbrick.
The house has long since disappeared, and its exact location is not known, although it was probably near Chelsea Old Church.
William Roper.
Edward Hall.
28 “A Proud Horse Tamed and Bridled”
L&P.
Ibid.; Edward Hall.
Ibid.
Anglo,
Spectacle;
Ives.
Evidence that Anne was the younger sister is outlined by Gairdner in
English Historical Review
.
For the evidence for Anne's birth date, see Paget, “Youth of Anne Boleyn.”
L&P.
State Papers.
L&P.
Cited by Michell.
Cited by Bowle.
Cited by Benton Fletcher.
Edward Hall.
Rutland Papers.
Ibid.
Edward Hall.
Ibid.
Ibid.
The Round Table now hangs in the thirteenth-century great hall, which is all that remains of the royal castle. In Henry's time, it was believed that the table was the genuine article, although it is now known to be a mediaeval fabrication.
See Anglo,
Spectacle,
and
Henry VIII: A European Court in England
, in which the picture is reproduced. It was never recorded in the Royal Collection.
Later that year, Torrigiano moved to Spain, where, learning that the Inquisition suspected him of heresy, he committed suicide.
Giorgio Vasari,
Lives of the Most Excellent Architects, Painters, and Sculptors
(Florence, 1550).