Human Cargo (53 page)

As always, I am most grateful for the help and encouragement of my agent, Clare Alexander, and my publishers and editors, Penny Hoare, Jennifer Barth, and Vanessa Mobley.

Abdul (Afghan refugee),
307

Abdula (Liberian refugee),
5
,
10
,
23
,
360

Abdularam (Liberian refugee),
5
,
354
,
360

Abdullai (Liberian refugee),
5

Aberg, Leena-Kaisa,
333

Aboriginals,
117
,
119–20
,
128–29
,
141
,
148–49

Abu (child refugee in Guinea),
10
,
204–5

Abu Ghraib prison,
104

Abudu (Liberian refugee),
6
,
360

Adrean (Liberian refugee),
64
,
65–66
,
80–81

Afghan refugees,
307

Australia and,
122
,
127
,
129–33
,
134–35
,
151
,
153

resettled in Finland,
338

Afghanistan,
294–95
,
310–11

and heroin,
314
,
358

returnees and IDPS in,
292–94
,
296–97
,
303–20
,
231–27
,
352

See also
Al Qaeda; Kabul; mujahedeen; Shomali plain; Taliban

Africa

AIDS in,
188
,
206
,
281

IDPs in,
45
,
48

postcolonial turmoil,
40
,
43

UNITCR and,
40–41

African refugees,
1–27

Italy and,
74
,
79

Lebanon and,
224

Newcasde, England, and,
156–63
,
169–79
,
183–85

as percentage of world refugees,
188

as torture victims,
160

See also specific nationalities

Aga Khan, Prince Sadruddin,
40

Agei, Simon Maderi,
339–40

AIDS,
23
,
48
,
188
,
206
,
281

aid workers

in Afghanistan,
321

in Guinea,
203–6
,
207–9
,
213–14

sexual exploitation scandal,
211–12

targeting of,
207

Al Azhar (Islamic university in Cairo),
18

Al Haghsect,
136

Al Qaeda,
291
,
297

Alayarian, Aida,
275

Albanian refugees,
73
,
74

Alem (Sudanese refugee),
339

Alex (Liberian refugee),
68–69

Algeria,
39

Algerian refugees,
168
,
257–62
,
278–81

Ali (Kurdish refugee),
170–72

All American Canal,
99

Allende, Salvador,
282

All That Remains
(Khalidi),
230

Amal (Shiite militia),
238

American Friends Service Committee,
251

American University in Beirut,
234

American University in Cairo,
4
,
14
,
23

Amina (Sudanese refugee),
340

Amir (Afghan returnee),
316

Amira (Afghan social worker),
322
,
325

Amnesty International,
111
,
129
,
148
,
259
,
260
,
270

conference on torture (1973),
269

Amr (Liberian refugee),
6
,
17
,
19–20
,
23
,
24
,
25
,
368

Anastasi, Father,
331

Angel Heights (home for asylum seekers),
179–83

Angela (Liberian refugee),
65

Angola,
43
,
352

Angolan refugees,
159

Anja (Afghan widow),
322–25

Annan, Kofi,
186
,
351

Ansu (Liberian refugee),
362–67

anti-communist refugees,
126

anti-immigration lobby,
50
,
51
,
97
,
353

Appave, Gervais,
355

Arab world

and the Palestinians,
238
,
252
,
255

and the Zionists,
221
,
229–31

Arafat, Yassir,
233

Arendt, Hannah,
33
,
187

Argentina

resettlement and,
334–35

Arizona-Mexico border,
98

Armenian refugees,
32
,
275–76

Arop, Elizabeth Zacharia,
339–40

Ashcroft, John,
108

Ashmore Reef,
132

asylum seekers.
See
refugees and asylum seekers

Augusta, Sister,
124

Australia,
152

Aboriginals,
117
,
119–20
,
128–29
,
141
,
148–49

asylum requests in,
46
n,
49

child refugees and,
136–41

detention camps in,
119–25
126–35
,
136–41
,
141–55

hardening of refugee policy in,
118–35

post-WW II refugees and,
36
,
126

refugees and asylum seekers,
115–35
,
136–55

resettlement and,
11
,
15
,
333

Australian Department of Immigration,
147

Australian Department of

Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs,
124
,
133

Australian Federal Court,
140

Australian High Court,
124
,
138

Australian Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission,
140
,
148

Australian Labor party,
125
,
131

Australian Liberal party,
129

Australian Migration Act,
133

Section 417,
138

Australian One Nation party,
129
,
131
,
135

Australian Refugee Review Tribunal,
124
,
138
,
140
,
145

Austria,
37
,
175
,
176

Austro-Hungarian empire,
32

Awol, Anwen,
330–31
,
335
,
343

Awol, Majok,
330–31
,
335
,
343

Awol, Mary,
328–32
,
335
,
336
,
343–47
,
354

Awol, Maum,
328–32
,
335
,
340–43
,
346

Awol, Nuomshett,
330–31
,
335
,
343

Awol, Shinfig,
330–31
,
335
,
343

Azerbaijan refugees,
180–83

Aziz (Afghan refugee),
301
,
309–10

Babur, Moghul emperor,
302
,
326

Bafalie, Khalidatou,
16

Bafalie, Mohamed,
16

Balad al Sheik (Palestinian village),
220–21
,
224
,
232
,
233
,
241

Balfour Declaration (1917),
229

Bali,
122

Balkans,
43

Bamber, Helen,
269–72
,
274
,
278
,
280
,
283

Bamiyan valley, Afghanistan,
315–20

Buddhas, destruction of,
313
,
315

Barghouti, ‘Alaa,
243

Barghouti, Mounir,
243

Barghouti, Mourid,
31
,
256

Baxter, Sir John Philip,
120

Baxter detention camp (Australia),
119–21
,
123–25
,
149

Beamish Museum,
184

Beazleyjim,
131

Behnam (Mandaean refugee),
154–55

Beirut shelling of 1982,
236

Bellevue/NYU Program for

Survivors of Torture,
110

Belsen concentration camp,
269

Benedict (Liberian refugee),
200–202

Ben-Gurion, David,
230–31

Benin

resetdement and,
334–35

Benson, Ross,
175

Berger, John,
354

Berlin Wall,
43

Berlusconi, Silvio,
73

Bernadotte, Count Folke,
231

Bertrand (friend of Dialo in Newcastle),
156–63
,
169

Bettelheim, Bruno,
264
,
265

Biafra, Republic of,
42
n

crisis of 1967,
42

Bility (Liberian refugee),
17
,
25
,
360

Billich, Deslie,
149

Bishop, Monica,
156
,
159–61
,
162
,
168
,
184

“Bitaqit Hawia” (Darwish),
241

black economy,
9

Boabab organization,
163

boat people

Australia and,
129–35

Indochinese,
40

Italy and African,
57–61
,
62–72
,
76–82

Vietnamese,
50–51
,
118

border(s)

controls, rise of,
94

cost of patrolling,
52

ideal of world without,
94–95

permeable, in West Africa,
191
,
215

Bosnian refugees,
336
,
338

Bossi, Umberto,
74

Bossi-Fini law (Italy, 2003),
74

Bourj el Shemali (Palestinian refugee camp),
245

Boutros-Ghali, Boutros,
44

Bowlby, John,
264
,
275

“bracero” guest worker program,
95–96

Brahimi, Lakhdar,
296
,
321

Brazil

resetdement and,
334–35

Brennan, Father,
152
,
153–54

Brewis, Kielo,
332

Britain.
See
Great Britain

British High Court,
167

British Home Office,
157
,
164
,
165
,
168
,
182
,
183
,
185
,
273
,
286

safe countries list,
167

British Human Rights Act,
165
,
167

British National Health Sendee,
274

British National party,
172–73
,
184

British Press Complaints

Commission,
175

British Refugee Council,
165

British Section,
55
,
165

Bulgarian refugees,
32

Burgmann, Rev. E. H.,
115

Burj al Barajinah (Palestinian refugee camp),
252

Burkino Faso,
198

resettlement and,
334–35

Burmese refugees,
334
,
338

Burnes, Lt. Col. Sir Alexander,
301–2

Burnside, Julian,
149
,
151

Burrell, Paul,
340

Burundi

as receiving country,
52

refugees from,
4
,
10–11
,
352

Bush, George W,
11
,
108

Byron, Robert,
297

Cairo,
5
,
13

African refugees in,
3–27
,
359–67

collapse of ideal of asylum in,
27

human rights workers in,
26–27

legal advice center in,
15

UNHCR and,
9
,
10–12
,
15
,
18
,
23
,
25
,
27

Cairo Conference on Population and Development (1992),
349

California

fence on border in,
91–94
,
100–101

migrants to,
83–90
,
91–111

Cambodia,
43

Cambodian refugees,
40
,
43

Canada

border patrolling and,
52

Palestinian refugees in,
250

post-WW II refugees and,
36

resettlement and,
11
,
15
,
25
,
333
,
359–60

Canicatti, Sicily,
81–82

Capri,
66

Carey, Peter,
149

Carney, Terence,
156

Cartagena Declaration on Refugees (1984),
40

Carter, Paul,
349

Casa del Migrante,
83–86

Cavour, Count Camillo di,
76

Central America,
40

Centro di Permanenza Temporanea (CPTs),
75–76
,
77

Chaldeans,
103–6

Chechen refugees,
181

Chechnya,
43
,
181

children

Afghan,
317

Australian detention camps and,
136–48
,
152–55

boy soldiers,
13–14
,
47
,
201
,
203–6

in Cairo, and schooling,
15–16
,
23