Iran's Deadly Ambition (37 page)

Iran Human Rights Documentation Center,
42–43

Iranian nuclear program: Africa-Iran relations and,
135–36
,
138–41
; Argentina and,
125
; assassinations related to,
104
,
147
; Brazilian support of,
120
; Chinese support of,
96–97
; cyber attacks on,
148–51
; détente possibility and,
163–64
,
165
,
166–67
; E.U.3 negotiations over,
64
,
68–69
,
163
; European response to,
68–69
; immediate world response to,
67–68
; IRGC and,
18–19
; JPOA on,
1
,
2–3
,
64–66
; Latin America–Iran relations and,
117
; NCRI disclosure of,
67
; North Korean support of,
99–102
; P5+1 negotiations over,
1
,
64
,
86
,
138
,
154
,
163
; permanence of accepted,
138
; Russian support of,
84
,
86
; SCO support of,
80
; standoff in and military conflict possibilities,
153
; Sudanese support of,
133–34

Iranian Revolution,
12–13
,
28
,
48–49
,
83
,
98–99

Iran-Iraq War: cost of,
21
; Iranian “sacred defense” during,
42
; Iran’s defeat in,
18
,
20–21
; Islamic revolution concept and,
13
; North Korean arms sales during,
99
; Russia-Iran relations and,
83–84

Iran Khodro (carmaker),
66

Iraq: as “axis of evil” member,
163
; fighters from, in Syria,
39
; Iranian involvement in,
60–62
; Islamic State expansion in,
45–46
,
47
; Khomeini exile in,
12–13
; media coverage of,
35
; sectarian conflict in,
60
; Shiite insurgent groups in,
24
; U.S. control of,
50
.
See also
Iran-Iraq War

Iraq War,
50
,
60
,
111

IRGC.
See
Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps

Iron Dome defense system (Israel),
54

Isfahan (Iran),
69
,
100

iSIGHT Partners (cyber-intelligence firm),
155

Islambouli, Khalid,
29

Islamic Government
(Khomeini),
13

Islamic Jihad Organization,
49

Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting (IRIB),
116

Islamic Republic of Iran Ministry of Culture and Islamic Guidance,
158

Islamic Republic of Iran Ministry of Interior,
151

Islamic Republic of Iran Navy (IRIN),
19
,
97–98
,
137–38

Islamic Republic of Iran Shipping Lines (IRISL),
64

Islamic revolution: exportation of, as Iranian priority,
13–14
,
22–25
,
166–68
; ideological foundation of,
12–13
; Iranian manifest destiny and,
12
;
IRGC as essential to,
15–20
; Quds Force and,
20
; setbacks to,
20–22
; U.S.-Iran détente and,
166–68
; Western misreading of,
22–25

Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC): African presence of,
131–33
; Asian presence of,
105–6
; Bahraini militants trained by,
35
; Chinese support of,
97
; cyber warfare units of,
147–48
,
151
; economic power of,
15–17
; elite paramilitary group of,
20
; on E.U. terror list,
63–64
; founding of,
15
; as global strategic force,
17–20
; Hezbollah and,
14
; illicit economic activity of,
105–6
; Intelligence Unit,
152
; Internet regulation by,
159
; during Iran-Iraq War,
16
; Latin America–Iran relations and,
128
; naval power of,
19–20
; newspaper affiliated with,
152–53
; North Korean arms sales to,
99–100
; nuclear capacities of,
18–19
; Politburo of,
167
; size of,
20
; in Syrian Civil War,
39–41
; terrorist acts plotted by,
128
; weapons infrastructure of,
99
,
131–32

Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps Navy (IRGCN),
19–20

Islamic State: ambitions/capabilities of,
46–47
; formation of,
45–46
; as Iranian threat,
47
; media coverage of,
35
; al-Qaeda vs.,
46
; in Syrian Civil War,
46
; U.S.-Iran relations and,
47–48
,
165

Israel: ambassador to U.S., terrorist plot against,
128
; cyber attacks in,
153
; cyber espionage virus developed by,
151
; Gaza War,
54
,
55
; Iranian proxy terrorism against,
54–59
,
72–73
,
104
,
142
,
143
; Iranian technician assassinations ascribed to,
104
,
147–48
; Iranian WMD facilities attacked by,
131–32
; IRGC missile power and,
17–18
; Iron Dome defenses of,
54
; Operation Pillar of Defense,
55
,
132
; Oslo Process,
73
; relations with Azerbaijan,
88
,
90
; relations with Egypt normalized,
29
; Russian fears about,
85
; Syrian/Iranian “axis of resistance” against,
38–39
,
41–42
; Syrian nuclear reactor destroyed by,
102

Israel-Hezbollah War,
50
,
101

Israeli Ministry of Foreign Affairs,
126

Ivory Coast,
143
,
144

Izz ad-Din al-Qassam Cyber Fighters,
152

Jafari, Mohammad Ali,
41

Jane’s Defense Weekly
,
99–100

Jannati, Ahmad,
33
,
165–66

Japan, Iranian energy trade and,
96

Javanfekr, Ali Akbar,
121

Javani, Yadollah,
167–68

Jemaah Islamiyah (Indonesia),
47

John F. Kennedy Airport (New York), terrorist attack plotted on,
127–28

Joint Chiefs of Staff (U.S. Armed Forces),
93

Joint Plan of Action (JPOA),
1
,
2–3
,
64–66

joint ventures,
113

Jorisch, Avi,
58
,
136

JPMorgan Chase,
152

JPOA.
See
Joint Plan of Action

al-Jubeir, Adel,
128

Kadir, Abdul,
127–28

Kandahar (Afghanistan),
52–53

Kano (Nigeria), Hezbollah presence in,
141–42
,
144

Karaj (Iran),
147

Karine A
(ship),
57

Karmon, Ely,
143

Karroubi, Mehdi,
43

Karzai, Hamid,
51–52

Kayhan
(IRGC newspaper),
152–53

Kazakhstan,
79
,
82
,
91–92
,
139

Kenya,
72
,
135–36
,
143
,
145

Kerry, John,
168

al-Khalifa, Khaled bin Ahmad,
33

al-Khalifa family (Bahrain),
32–33
,
34

Khamenei, Ali: Ahmadinejad vs.,
134–35
; cyber policies controlled by,
159
; cyber warfare supported by,
154
; Egypt-Iran relations and,
29–30
; Hamas and,
56
; Islamic revolution concept supported by,
23
; Islamic State and,
47–48
; on Israel’s elimination,
58
; North Korea–Iran alliance and,
102
; Obama secret letter to,
47–48
; Rouhani and,
9
; spiritual legitimacy of,
61
; as supreme leader,
21
,
41–42
,
61
; website of,
158

Khan, Abdul Qadeer,
100

Kharrazi, Kamal,
92

Khartoum (Sudan),
131–32

Khatam al-Anbiya,
105–6

Khatami, Mohammad,
163

Kheir, Yehya Mohammed,
134

al-Khibar (Syria),
102

Khomeini, Ruhollah: assumption of power,
11
,
13
,
18
,
28
; death of,
14
,
21–22
; exile period of,
8
,
12–13
; IRGC conceived by,
15
; Islamic revolution export promoted by,
23–24
,
48–49
; on Israel’s elimination,
59
; nuclear projects rolled back by,
18
; Rouhani as compatriot of,
8
; Soviet support of,
83
; terrorist infrastructure set up by,
48–49

Kim Il-sung,
99

Kim Jong-il,
103
,
163

Kim Jong-un,
6
,
101
,
102
,
103

Kim Yong-nam,
102

King’s College (London),
150

Kirchner, Cristina Fernández de,
123–25

Kirchner, Néstor,
123

Kirk, Mark,
5

Kirkuk (Iraq),
16

Kissinger, Henry,
25

Klos-C
(ship),
58

Korea, North,
6
,
98–103
,
163

Korea, South,
96
,
105
,
153–54

Kurds,
43
,
47
,
163

Kuwait,
153

Kyiv (Ukraine),
85

Kyrgyzstan,
79
,
80
,
82
,
92

La Paz (Bolivia),
117

Larijani, Ali,
56
,
133

Larijani, Mohammad Javad,
43

Latin America, Iranian involvement in: ALBA,
109–10
,
118
,
127
; in Argentina,
122–25
; in Bolivia,
109–10
,
117–18
; in Brazil,
120–22
; diplomatic offensive,
115–16
,
121
; economic arrangements,
23
,
115
; in Ecuador,
118–20
; embassies,
115
; Hezbollah and,
110
,
113–14
,
122
; illicit ventures,
112–13
,
119–20
; Iran’s objectives,
125–27
; security arrangements,
23
,
113
,
119
; terrorist attacks,
116
,
122–23
,
124
,
127–28
; trade,
115
,
118
,
120
,
121
,
124
; U.S. response to,
127–30
; in Venezuela,
110–14

Latin America, Nonaligned Movement in,
23

Latvia,
75

Lavrov, Sergei,
81

Lebanon: fighters from, in Syria,
39
; Hezbollah as economic force in,
75
; Hezbollah as Iranian proxy force in,
14
,
24
; as Iran’s border,
42
; tunnel system in,
101
; Venezuelan militants trained in,
114
.
See also
Hezbollah

lebensraum
(living space),
60–61

Lefebvre, Jeffrey,
137

Levitt, Matthew,
104

Liberia,
142

Libya,
32

Lidegaard, Martin,
77

lithium resources,
117

Lithuania,
75

Los Zetas (Mexican drug cartel),
128

Luft, Gal,
107

Luhansk (Ukraine),
86

Lula da Silva, Luiz Inácio,
120
,
121

Macedonia,
75

Maduro, Nicolás,
115
,
126

Mahdi (malware),
151

Majles (Iranian parliament),
17

Malawi,
139
,
141

malware,
148–51

Manama (Bahrain),
34

Manta (Ecuador),
119

Margarita Island (Venezuela),
114