Islam without Extremes: A Muslim Case for Liberty (61 page)

Kemalist Revolution and, 185

Muhammad and rights of, 53–54

in Ottoman Empire, 140–41, 163, 315
n

Qur’an and rights of, 53–54, 104–5

in Saudi Arabia, 268

Shariah and, 54

Traditionists and, 103–4

tribalism and, 48

in Turkish government, 233

veil controversy and, 188–89

World Bank, 95, 218

World War I, 116, 173, 187

Ottoman Empire in, 166–67, 173, 180, 209

World War II, 175, 183

Xenon, 164

Yarar, Erol, 230

Yazid, Umayyad caliph, 86

Yazid III, Umayyad caliph, 87–88

Yemen, 142, 167

Yeni
S¸
afak,
236

Yılmaz, Havva, 205

Yılmaz Mesut, 221

Young Ottomans, 26, 154, 158, 181, 207

Young Turks, 17, 26, 154, 162–64, 168, 181, 226, 314
n

Westernist faction of, 181–82

Yugoslavia, former, 195

Yüksel, Edip, 234

Yusuf (Joseph), 28

Zakaria, Fareed, 133, 223, 239

zakat
(almsgiving), 26, 269, 276

Zamakhshari, 301
n

Zawahiri, Ayman al-, 201

Zealots, 25, 26, 192, 193, 197

as model for Islamists, 190–91

Zernov, Nicolas, 78

Zia ul-Haqq, Muhammad, 324
n

Zoroastrians, 66, 108, 122

Zubaida, Sami, 127

Zürcher, Erik Jan, 183

Table of Contents

Glossary

Introduction

Part I: The Beginnings

1: A Light unto Tribes

2: The Enlightenment of the Orient

3: The Medieval War of Ideas (I)

4: The Medieval War of Ideas (II)

5: The Desert Beneath the Iceberg

Part II: The Modern Era

6: The Ottoman Revival

7: Romans, Herodians, and Zealots

8: The Turkish March to Islamic Liberalism

Part III: Signposts on the Liberal Road

9: Freedom from the State

10: Freedom to Sin

11: Freedom from Islam

Acknowledgments

Notes

Index