James the Brother of Jesus and the Dead Sea Scrolls II (190 page)
Read James the Brother of Jesus and the Dead Sea Scrolls II Online
Authors: Robert Eisenman
75. Hippolytus 9.21.
76. Cf. Hippolytus 9.21 with
War
2.151–153 and
Ant
. 18.23–24.
77. Cf.
War
2.151–153 and also note the extremely important early Leader of the Uprising,
‘
John the Essene
’ –
War
2.567 and 3.11–19, which ends with the picture of his death at Ashkelon.
78.
War
2.152.
79. Hippolytus 9.21.
80. Cf. 4Q
MMT
II.2–22 and 11QT XLVII.13–17 and see my Appendix on ‘
Balla
‘/
Bela
‘
in the Temple Scroll
’ in
JJHP
, pp. 87–94. Also note the whole section on ‘
pollution of the Temple
’ in 4Q
MMT
II.2–24 and 11QT XLV.7–LV.8 ending with the i
m
precation ‘
not to eat the blood, but pour it out on the ground
’ (
thus
!) and then leading into, significantly, ‘
Nazirite
’ oaths.
81. CD IV.15–18 and V.6–8, but see our note above about Josephus in
War
4.157–61 and 241–3 putting this charge both in the mouths of the son of Paul’s alleged teacher, ‘
Simeon ben Gamaliel’,
‘
Jesus ben Gamala
’, and ‘
Ananus ben Ananus
’ a
t
tacking ‘
the Zealots
’, and Paul himself in 1 Corinthians 3:16–17 and 8:2–10:21, against ‘
those claiming to have Knowledge
’ and/or the Leadership of
‘the Jerusalem Church
’
.
82. Cf.
War
2.254–57, 425, and
Ant
. 20.186.
83. Cf.
War
2.409–16
.
84.
War
2.259, 274, 407, etc. and cf.
Ant
. 18.10 on the effects of the beginning of the Movement led by ‘
Judas and Sadduk
’.
85. See my comments on the ‘
Lex Cornelia de Sicarius et Veneficis
’ in
JBJ
, pp. 183–84, 996, and 1005–6
86. 2.13.
87. This is made clear in Jerome’s Letter 84 to Pammachius and Oceanus.
88.
Ibid
.
89. See Paul in Galatians 4:17–18 and his typical practice of reversal in 1 Corinthians 14:12, 2 Corinthians 7:11 and 9:2, Galatians 1:14, and Philippians 3:6.
90. Cf. Dio Cassius 68.3–4.
91. See the article in the Encyclopaedia Judaica ‘
Sicaricon
’.
92.
Ibid
.
93. CD XVI.4–6.
94. CD XVI.8–9.
95. Cf. Hippolytus 9.21 with
War
2.152–3 with
Ant
. 18.23–24.
96.
Loc. cit.
97. CD XVI.4–6.
98. Cf.
Ant
. 20 and Gen.
R
. 46.10, but on the conversion of Helen in general also see
A. Z.
19b.
99. See 1QS III.23 and cf. CD XVI.5.
100. CD IX.1.
101. Cf. 4Q
MMT
II.2–24 with
War
2.409–16.
102. 4Q
MMT
II.8–9.
103. Cf.
War
7.253–454, particularly 7.410–36.
104. See
War
437–54 and
Vita
424 above and the Revolution led by Jonathan of Cyrene there, unrest which obviously continued beyond its suppression. Also see Dio Cassius 68.31–2 and 69.12–14, Sallust,
Histories
2.40–42, Eusebius,
E.H.
4.21–4, etc.
105. Cf.
War
7.437–54 and
Vita
424.
106. For examples of this, see CD III.1, III.6–7, III.9 and XX.25–26; but cf. also 1QS II.16, 1QHIV.26–27, etc.
107. Cf. CD IV.3, VI.8–9 (‘
the Nobles of the People
’ equivalent in this exegesis to ‘
Nilvim
’ in CD IV.3), CD X.2, XX.19–20, 1QpNah III.7–9 and IV.5, 4Q448 (‘
The Paean to King Jonathan
’) II.7; and cf. Acts 9:31 on the multiplication of the Churches in Judea, Galilee, and Samaria, 10:2 and 10:35, and Paul in Acts 13:16, 13:36, and 16:38, Romans 3:18, 8:14–15, 11:20, 13:7, 2 Corinthians 7:1, Ephesians 5:21, etc.
108. See Ko 2.34, 7.11 15.30–32, 17.61, 18.51, 20.116, 26.95, 38.75–76, etc.
109. Cf. Paul in 1 Corinthians 11:25 and 2 Corinthians 3:6 with Jeremiah 31:31–32, Ezekiel 11:20, 18:21, 36:27, etc.
110. Among such allusions in this speech, one might count 26:6: ‘
the promises made to the Fathers by God
’, 26:16: ‘
stand up
’, 24:18: ‘
turning from Darkness to Light
’, 24:20: ‘
preaching first to those in Damascus
’ and then ‘
to all the Region of Judea
’ (cf. CD IV.3 and VI.5: ‘
the Land of Judah
’), and ‘
the Peoples
’ (‘‘
Amim
’ at Qumran), ‘
turning to God, doing works worthy or Repentance
’, etc.
111. Cf. variously above and, for example, in CD XX.19–20.
112. CD XX.21–34.
113. Cf. 4QD266, Frag. 1, Line 1–Frag. 2, Line 6 and 4QD268, Frag. 1, Lines 1–8.
114. For ‘
called by Name
’ at Qumran, see esp. CD IV.2–4, but also CD II.11, 1QpHab VIII.9, and 4QInstruction
d
(4Q418), Fragment 81, Line 12; in Acts, see 2:21, 3:16, 4:7, 8:12, 9:21, and 15:17.
115. Cf. CD VII.13–14, VII.21–VIII.3, XIX13–14, and perhaps most importantly, XX.27–34.
116. Cf. Paul in Galatians 5:2–3: (‘
If you are circumcised, Christ will not profit you
’); also 5:6: ‘
For in Christ Jesus, neither circumcision nor uncircumcision is worth anything, but rather Faith working with love
’.
117. See Jeremiah 31:31–34 and Ezekiel 11:19–20 and 36:26.
118. For some parallel usages here, see CD I.8–9: ‘
And they understood their Sinfulness and knew they were Sinners’
, etc. and XX.17: ‘
But the Penitents from Sin in Jacob kept the Covenant of God
’.
119. For particularly important instances of this ‘
camp
’/‘
camps
’ usage, see 4Q
MMT
II.66–70.
120. Cf. CD IV.11–12 with 1QpHab VI.12–13 and see the way these usages are compared in
DSSFC
, pp. 359 and 409.
121. See my Appendix on ‘
The Three Nets of Belial in the Damascus Document and Balla
‘
/Bela
‘
in the Temple Scroll
’ in
JJHP –
in particular, pp. 88–93.
Robert Eisenman is the author of
The New Testament Code: The Cup of the Lord, the Damascus Covenant, and the Blood of Christ
(2006),
James the Brother of Jesus: The Key to Unlocking the Secrets of Early Christianity and the Dead Sea Scrolls
(1998),
The Dead Sea Scrolls and the First Christians
(1996),
Islamic Law in Pale
s
tine and Israel: A History of the Survival of Tanzimat and Shari'ah
(1978), and co-editor of
The Facsimile Edition of the Dead Sea Scrolls
(1989) and
The Dead Sea Scrolls Unco
v
ered
(1992).
He is Emeritus Professor of Middle East Religions and Archaeology and the former Director of the Institute for the Study of Judeo-Christian Origins at California State University Long Beach and Visiting Senior Member of Li
n
acre College, Oxford. He holds a B.A. from Cornell University in Philosophy and Engineering Physics (1958), an M.A. from New York University in Near Eastern Studies (1966), and a Ph.D from Columbia Unive
r
sity in Middle East Languages and Cultures and Islamic Law (1971). He was a Senior Fellow at the Oxford Centre for Postgrad
u
ate Hebrew Studies and an American Endowment for the Humanities Fellow-in-Residence at the Albright Institute of Archaeological Research in Jerusalem, where the Dead Sea Scrolls were first exa
m
ined.
In 1991-92, he was the Consultant to the Huntington Library in San Marino, California on its decision to open its archives and allow free access for all scholars to the previously unpublished Scrolls. In 2002, he was the first to publicly announce that the so-called 'James Ossuary', which so suddenly and 'miraculously' appeared, was fraud
u
lent; and he did this on the very same day it was made public on the basis of the actual inscription itself and what it said without any 'scientific' or 'pseudo-scientific' aids.