Joseph E. Persico (77 page)

chapter xxvi: a leaky vessel

What Currie had learned: Christopher Andrew and Vasili Mitrokhin,
The Sword and the Shield,
p. 130.

In November 1944, Wilho Tikander: Michael Warner and Robert Louis Benson, “Venona and Beyond,”
Intelligence and National Security,
vol. 12, no. 3 (July 1997), p. 9.

Finland had dropped out: Robert Louis Benson,
A History of U.S. Communications Intelligence During World War II,
p. xviii.

Consequently, he recommended: Bradley F. Smith,
The Shadow Warriors,
p. 353.

He instructed Tikander to proceed: Christopher Andrew and Oleg Gordievsky,
KGB,
p. 284; Warner and Benson, p. 9; Smith,
The Shadow Warriors,
p. 353.

“I wanted you to know. . . .”: PSF Box 151.

Though Donovan had tried to limit: Smith,
The Shadow Warriors,
pp. 353–54.

“. . . [W]e had taken advantage. . . .”: PSF Box 49.

Of course, Fitin replied: Andrew and Gordievsky, p. 285.

Donovan's aide Ned Putzell: Bradley F. Smith,
Sharing Secrets with Stalin,
p. 233.

For their part, American cryptanalysts: Warner and Benson, p. 9.

The Russian codes sold: ibid., p. 10.

However, Putzell: interview, Erwin J. “Ned” Putzell, Nov. 29, 1999.

Neither the archives of the OSS: Smith,
Sharing Secrets,
p. 233.

For Stalin to suspect: Smith,
The Shadow Warriors,
p. 355.

“[W]ith all the tremendous burdens. . . .”: PSF Box 131.

Roosevelt handed the task over: PSF Earle.

“My dear Mr. President, Turkey. . . .”: ibid.

“Eighty million Germans. . . .”: ibid.

“There is no vacancy. . . .”: ibid.

He fired off a warning to the President: MR Box 164.

“The fact that this raiding. . . .”: James MacGregor Burns,
Roosevelt: The Soldier of Freedom,
p. 73; MR Box 19.

Casualties from the V-1s: David Irving,
The Mare's Nest,
p. 295.

On December 7, Leahy carried: MR Box 20.

Leahy, still skeptical: MR Box 164.

“The entire Atlantic Seaboard. . . .”: Suckley, Binder 8, p. 237.

“the extent of offshore coastal protection. . . .”: POF 106.

“This development of the [V-2]. . . .”: Walter Dornberger,
V-2,
p. 142.

Thus German rocket scientists: Gerhard L. Weinberg,
A World at Arms,
p. 564.

“Very fast. . . .”: Dornberger, p. 143.

Indeed, a rocket launch site: Dennis Piszkiewicz,
The Nazi Rocketeers,
p. 184.

“The purpose of this,” the report: MR Box 164.

The German navy's chief: Jim Bishop,
FDR's Last Year,
pp. 82–83.

The photo of the U-boat with rails: POF 106.

Confirming Admiral Doenitz's strategy: Hoover to Hopkins, Jan. 8, 1945, FDRL.

“The capability exists. . . .”: MR Box 164.

And well over a year had passed: F. H. Hinsley,
British Intelligence in the Second World War,
p. 347; Weinberg, p. 564.

In another engineering triumph: Peter Young, ed.,
The World Almanac Book of World War II,
p. 471.

The reality, however, was: Irving,
The Mare's Nest,
p. 299.

The very next day his wife:
NY Mirror,
Feb. 17, 1945; HH Papers, Box 138, FDRL.

On his arrival, still trembling: Robert H. Ferrell,
The Dying President: Franklin D. Roosevelt, 1944–1945,
p. 12.

“Imagine my shock,” he told her: Earle to Boettiger, March 21, 1945, FDRL.

“I have read your letter. . . .”: MR 171.

He wanted it understood: ibid.

“I shall issue no public statement. . . .”: PSF Box 131.

“Your orders to the Pacific. . . .”: ibid.

Now Hoover was telling him: Hoover to Roosevelt, Jan. 8, 1945, FDRL.

“Willy, I suppose about sixteen. . . .”: Francis Biddle,
In Brief Authority,
p. 342.

He went into the Navy: David Kahn,
Hitler's Spies,
p. 8.

They were to be infiltrated: ibid., p. 13.

Not only did the SD: ibid., pp. 12–22.

The next day, he turned himself: ibid., p. 23.

“She stated that. . . .”: POF Box 103.

“[H]e [Willy] is no relation of mine. . . .”: ibid.

On Valentine's Day 1945: Kahn,
Hitler's Spies,
p. 26.

He feared that the Pacific war: Winston S. Churchill,
The Second World War,
Vol. 5,
Closing the Ring,
p. 569.

“When I first got to Tehran. . . .”: Suckley, Binder 17, p. 91.

“I have received a reply from U.J. . . .”: Francis L. Loewenheim, Harold D. Langley, and Manfred Jonas, eds.,
Roosevelt and Churchill: Their Secret Wartime Correspondence,
p. 596.

“That mountain road had been built. . . .”: William Rigdon,
White House Sailor,
p. 145.

“. . . [I]f we had spent. . . .”: ibid., p. 137.

Consequently, Roosevelt supported: Loewenheim, Langley, and Jonas, p. 656; John Gunther,
Roosevelt in Retrospect,
p. 359.

Churchill's foreign minister: Burns,
Roosevelt: The Soldier of Freedom,
p. 575.

He was ready to meet: Bishop, p. 545.

“Ross and Bruenn are both worried. . . .”: Ferrell, p. 108.

“. . . [T]he President appears. . . .”: ibid., p. 105.

FDR left frail in body: Winston S. Churchill,
Memoirs of the Second World War,
p. 927.

Occupation zones:
FRUS,
1945, vol. I, p. 579.

The tall, patrician Alger Hiss: Norman Polmar and Thomas B. Allen,
Spy Book,
p. 262.

“After the Yalta conference. . . .”: Benson, p. 423.

The jump to an inside page:
Chicago Tribune,
Feb. 7, 1945.

“Creation of an all-powerful. . . .”: ibid., Feb. 9, 1945.

Senate Democrat: Anthony Cave Brown,
The Last Hero,
p. 628.

“[T]his document, emanating from an office. . . .”: ibid., p. 629.

“What is happening here? . . .”: M 1642, Reel 3, Frames 788, 789.

“The joint chiefs of staff. . . .”:
Chicago Tribune,
Feb. 11, 1945.

“Comparing the proposal. . . .”:
NYT,
Feb. 13, 1945.

“Donovan is one of the trail blazers. . . .”:
Washington Post,
Feb. 16, 1945.

Donovan was soon back in Washington: Smith,
The Shadow Warriors,
p. 400.

“was not the result of an accident. . . .”: ibid.; Donovan to JCS, Feb. 15, 1945, FDRL.

The JCS staff had made changes:
Chicago Tribune,
Feb. 9, 1945; Donovan to JCS, Feb. 19, 1945; National Archives, M 1642.

“A reading of these articles. . . .”: Donovan to Roosevelt, Feb. 23, 1945, FDRL.

Hoover “goes to the White House. . . .”: Curt Gentry,
J. Edgar Hoover,
p. 313.

By deliberately leaking the documents: interview, Walter Trohan, Sept. 29, 1999.

He was also at the time: Gentry, pp. 313–14.

“[T]he British were believed to know. . . .”: Thomas F. Troy,
Donovan and the CIA,
p. 282.

Virgilio Scattolini was a short, fat Roman: Brown,
The Last Hero,
p. 702; Robin W. Winks,
Cloak and Gown,
p. 356.

The first delivery to Scamporini: Winks, p. 353.

Soon the Vatican reports:
Washington Post,
Aug. 3, 1980.

Donovan's front office: M 1642, Reel 119, Frames 2, 3; Brown,
The Last Hero,
p. 689.

“This series offers great promise. . . .”: M 1642, Reel 119, Frames 2, 3.

Scamporini knew only that Settacioli: Brown,
The Last Hero,
pp. 685–86.

The informant also had access: Winks, p. 355.

What he did not know: ibid.; Brown,
The Last Hero,
p. 685.

His office was handling over: Winks, p. 354; Brown,
The Last Hero,
p. 687.

On January 11: PSF Box 151.

Vessel message 7a: ibid.

“The Japanese minimum demands. . . .”: ibid.

The papal envoy showed a sensitivity: ibid.

“On 10 January the Japanese Emperor. . . .”: ibid.

Along with the White House, Donovan: M 1642, Reel 136, Frame 677.

“The Japanese have recently. . . .”: M 1642, Reel 11, Frame 4.

Using Vessel to cultivate the Navy: Brown,
The Last Hero,
p. 694.

Even while the President: ibid., p. 697.

Roosevelt's secretary, Grace Tully: ibid., p. 696; M 1642, Reel 119, Frame 71.

Thereafter, with Mussolini's acquiescence: William L. Shirer,
The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich,
p. 1005.

The widow then fled: Shirer, p. 1005; M 1642, Reel 21, Frames 485, 486.

A Vessel message forwarded to the President: PSF Box 153.

“. . . Vessel report was undoubtedly. . . .”: M 14, Reel 119, Frame 132; Brown,
The Last Hero,
p. 695.

“warn all people handling Vessel. . . .”: M 1642, Reel 119, Frame 88.

Both men feared: Brown,
The Last Hero,
pp. 699–700.

“We have very good reason to believe. . . .”: M 1642, Reel 110, Frame 104.

Rome was aware of ten: Winks, p. 355.

“. . . suggest you also consider. . . .”: M 1642, Reel 119, Frame 104.

On March 2, Dunn advised:
Washington Post,
Aug. 3, 1980.

“Conversation as reported. . . .”: M 1642, Reel 119, Frame 129.

“Dear Jimmie. . . .”: M 1642, Reel 21, Frame 294.

He found it hard to swallow: Brown,
The Last Hero,
p. 686.

Angleton, a Catholic: Winks, p. 355.

“The procedure of the Papal audiences. . . .”:
Washington Post,
Aug. 3, 1980.

Scattolini had, in fact: ibid.

While FDR was en route to Yalta: PSF 151.

He wanted to uncover the chain: Winks, p. 356; Brown,
The Last Hero,
p. 701.

chapter xxvii: who knew—and when?

“We Soviets welcome. . . .”: Richard A. Russell,
Project Hula: Secret Soviet-American Cooperation in the War Against Japan,
p. 8.

Out of this demand was born: ibid., pp. 8–16.

General Douglas MacArthur: Douglas MacArthur,
Reminiscences,
p. 262.

“From time to time. . . .”: Dwight D. Eisenhower,
Crusade in Europe,
p. 229.

“I did not then know. . . .”: ibid., p. 443.

That army, by now, had grown: James MacGregor Burns,
Roosevelt: The Soldier of Freedom,
p. 456.

“I reported as requested. . . .”: Omar N. Bradley and Clay Blair,
A General's Life,
p. 211.

“When I finished, Roosevelt. . . .”: ibid.

“I decided that the President. . . .”: ibid.

“What if the Germans had . . .?”: interview, John Eisenhower, May 30, 2000; John Eisenhower,
Strictly Personal,
p. 97.

“is the biggest fool thing. . . .”: Christopher Andrew,
For the President's Eyes Only,
p. 150; Jim Bishop,
FDR's Last Year,
p. 25.

“I am not sure how long. . . .”: Bishop, p. 249.

While trusting in Stettinius: Cordell Hull,
The Memoirs of Cordell Hull,
p. 1110.

“We now have the discovery. . . .”: Joseph P. Lash,
A World of Love: Eleanor Roosevelt and Her Friends, 1943–1962,
pp. 125–26.

Sensing that this was one arena: Burns, p. 455.

He was subsequently removed: Doris Kearns Goodwin,
No Ordinary Time,
p. 621.

“A single bomb of this type. . . .”: Alexander Sachs Box 1, FDRL.

“When he asked about my emotion. . . .”: James Roosevelt,
My Parents,
pp. 169–70.

J. Edgar Hoover learned of the bomb: Pavel Sudoplatov and Anatoli Sudoplatov,
Special Tasks,
p. 187.

Thus, in the spring of 1943: David Dallin,
Soviet Espionage,
pp. 468–69; Robert Louis Benson,
A History of U.S. Communications Intelligence During World War II,
p. xviii.

Hoover's rival, Wild Bill Donovan: Anthony Cave Brown,
The Last Hero,
pp. 771–75.

His predecessor as vice president:
FRUS,
3d Washington Conference, p. 188.

“Stimson told me. . . .”: Harry S Truman,
Memoirs,
Vol. 1,
Year of Decisions,
p. 10.

“He does all the talking. . . .”: David G. McCullough,
Truman,
p. 328.

“[T]he president told me. . . .”: Robert Ferrell,
Harry S. Truman,
p. 172.

“. . . [H]e's just going to pieces. . . .”: ibid.

“You remember when we were together. . . .”: Robert Ferrell, unpublished draft, undated.

As a senator who chaired: ibid.

“It may be necessary. . . .”: Dan Kurzman,
Day of the Bomb,
p. 212.

“is a nuisance. . . .”: ibid., p. 213.

“the wisdom of testing. . . .”: Richard Rhodes,
The Making of the Atomic Bomb,
p. 635.

“I do not know the substance. . . .”: PPF 7177.

“The President . . . had suggested. . . .”: Henry L. Stimson and McGeorge Bundy,
On Active Service in Peace and War,
p. 615.

“A German espionage agent. . . .”: POF 10B.

“This information is. . . .”: ibid.

“. . . [H]ope for a German bomb. . . .”: Leslie B. Rout Jr. and John F. Bratzel,
The Shadow War,
p. 480.

“. . . [R]espect the right of all peoples. . . .”: Burns,
Roosevelt: The Soldier of Freedom,
p. 130.

“Let me, however, make this clear. . . .”: Robert E. Sherwood,
Roosevelt and Hopkins,
p. 656.

He had been particularly irked: ibid.

“I imagine it is one. . . .”: David Stafford,
Churchill and Secret Service,
p. 284.