Joseph E. Persico (76 page)

“He worked days and nights. . . .”: Norman Polmar and Thomas B. Allen,
Spy Book,
p. 223.

“one compartment I allowed. . . .”: Moss, p. 200.

Even before coming to Los Alamos: Kurzman, pp. 130–32.

“I was worried about the dangers. . . .”:
NYT Magazine,
Sept. 14, 1997, p. 72.

Hall was nineteen: Christopher Andrew and Vasili Mitrokhin,
The Sword and the Shield,
p. 131;
NYT Magazine,
Sept. 14, 1997, pp. 70–73.

“. . . [H]e remembers Woodrow Wilson. . . .”: Suckley, Binder 16, p. 274.

No one, she thought: ibid., Binder 17, p. 96.

“[I]f the election were held tomorrow. . . .”: ibid., pp. 50–51.

He chose Senator Harry S Truman: Goodwin, p. 526.

Kolbe delivered the incriminating: Neal H. Petersen, ed.,
From Hitler's Doorstep,
pp. 191–93.

“The OSS report did not seem. . . .”: Ladislas Farago,
The Game of the Foxes,
pp. 348–49.

“Stores are closing one by one. . . .”: RG 457 CBOM 77.

“Living conditions of the people. . . .”: ibid.

“My Dear Mr. President. . . .”: PSF Box Navy 62.

“Well,” Dewey said: Christopher Andrew,
For the President's Eyes Only,
p. 143.

“I am writing to you. . . .”: Roberta Wohlstetter,
Pearl Harbor,
p. 177; Andrew, pp. 144–45.

“. . . largely result from the fact. . . .”: Wohlstetter, p. 177.

“. . . Some of Donovan's people. . . .”: ibid.

A Dewey aide pointed out: Andrew, p. 144.

“The President was surprised. . . .”: Robert E. Sherwood,
Roosevelt and Hopkins,
p. 827.

The Nazi RSHA: David Kahn,
Hitler's Spies,
pp. 339–40.

“the Germans were fitting. . . .”: MR Box 164.

“. . . [O]ur own submarine campaign. . . .”: ibid.

how hard the Germans continued: John Morton Blum,
Years of War, 1941–1945: From the Morgenthau Diaries,
p. 340.

“We have got to be tough. . . .”: ibid., p. 342.

“left no doubt. . . .”: ibid.

“I . . . gave him my idea. . . .”: ibid., p. 344.

“. . . [I]f you let the young children of today. . . .”: ibid.

“[T]hat is not nearly as bad. . . .”: ibid.

“This so-called ‘Handbook' . . .”: ibid., pp. 348–49.

“All Junker estates. . . .”: ibid., p. 358.

“No German shall be permitted. . . .”: M 1642, Reel 52, Frames 378–84.

Stimson remained adamantly opposed: Stimson to FDR, Sept. 15, 1944, FDRL.

He and Churchill then signed: Blum,
Years of War,
pp. 373, 381.

By mid-September, Allied troops: Joseph E. Persico,
Piercing the Reich,
p. 8.

American GIs, he predicted: Blum,
Years of War,
pp. 378, 382.

“I will stay here. . . .”: ibid., p. 379.

“No one,” he told Cordell Hull: ibid., pp. 380–81.

Its advantage to the enemy: ibid., p. 382.

“According to what American officials. . . .”: RG 457 CBOM 76.

“. . . feels there is an excellent. . . .”: Suckley, Binder 18, p. 169.

“I still think he is. . . .”: Burns, p. 530; Bishop, pp. 195, 196.

chapter xxiv: “take a look at the oss”

By the fall of 1944: Thomas F. Troy,
Donovan and the CIA,
p. 295.

“. . . [T]he results achieved by OSS. . . .”: Roger J. Spiller, “Assessing Ultra,”
Military Review,
vol. 7 (August 1979), p. 239.

Through his bookshop contacts: Joseph E. Persico,
Piercing the Reich,
pp. 167–68.

His recruits were Communists: Persico,
Piercing the Reich,
pp. 253–58.

“a question which will rise. . . .”: Donovan to FDR, Dec. 1, 1944, FDRL.

“what we are prepared to do. . . .”:
FRUS,
1944, vol. I, p. 566; M 1642, Reel 81, Frame 642.

“What do you think?”: PSF Box 151.

Rosenbaum happily reported back to Donovan: NA Microfilm A3304, Rosenbaum to Donovan, Oct. 12, 1944.

“Bill Donovan's Office of Strategic Services. . . .”: Anthony Cave Brown,
The Last Hero,
p. 624.

“In my opinion, consideration. . . .”: PSF OSS Box 153.

“I am sending the enclosed to you. . . .”: ibid.

“I am afraid that the author. . . .”: PSF Box 150.

Under his proposal, the new service: PSF Box 153.

Finally, Donovan's brainchild: ibid.

“Though in the midst of war. . . .”: ibid.

What Donovan was saying to FDR: Brown,
The Last Hero,
p. 623.

“civil service regulations. . . .”: M 1642, Reel 3, Frames 756–61.

The document brashly styled: ibid., Frame 764.

Four days after receiving: PSF Box 153.

“Such power in one man. . . .”: Curt Gentry,
J. Edgar Hoover,
p. 313.

Hoover placed her under: ibid., p. 311.

Revealing his closeness to FDR: Athan Theoharis, ed.,
From the Secret Files of J. Edgar Hoover,
p. 325.

“The Germans believe that this station. . . .”: POF Box 106.

“a rather amusing sidelight. . . .”: ibid.

“The well known American writer. . . .”: ibid.

“OSS intends, according to this source. . . .”: ibid.

The Secret Service first delivered him: David Brinkley,
Washington Goes to War,
p. 165.

The truth was: John Gunther,
Roosevelt in Retrospect,
p. 139; Jim Bishop,
FDR's Last Year,
p. 44.

“the day the late President. . . .”: Troy,
Donovan and the CIA,
p. 282.

However seriously, or specifically: Troy,
Donovan and the CIA,
p. 282.

“Cadillac automobile is essential. . . .”: M 1642, Reel 45, Frame 481.

Over the next several months: Stanley Lovell,
Of Spies and Stratagems,
p. 107.

And then, on December 16: John Keegan,
The Second World War,
p. 440.

Prior to the offensive: Lyman B. Kirkpatrick Jr.,
Captains Without Eyes,
pp. 261–62; F. W. Winterbotham,
The Ultra Secret,
p. 254.

On the very day the Germans: Bradley F. Smith,
The Shadow Warriors,
p. 279; Doris Kearns Goodwin,
No Ordinary Time,
p. 564; Kirkpatrick, pp. 261–62; Winterbotham, p. 254.

On December 19, President Roosevelt: Day-by-Day, Dec. 19, 1944, FDRL.

The initial ferocity of the assault: Kirkpatrick, pp. 261–62; Winterbotham, p. 254.

“In great stress, Roosevelt. . . .”: Goodwin, pp. 564–65.

He was a West Pointer:
Academic American Encyclopedia,
vol. 15, p. 154.

“the biggest sonovabitch. . . .”: Richard Rhodes,
The Making of the Atomic Bomb,
p. 426.

As soon as an atom bomb could be ready: Thomas Powers,
Heisenberg's War,
p. 404; Dan Kurzman,
Day of the Bomb,
pp. 106, 107; “FDR,”
The American Experience,
PBS, Aug. 3, 1999.

Oddly, while worrying about a dud: Kurzman, p. 107.

“. . . [W]hen a ‘bomb' is. . . .”:
FRUS,
2d Quebec Conference, p. 492.

“Following a successful test. . . .”: Nat S. Finney, “How FDR Planned to Use the A-Bomb,”
Look,
vol. 14, no. 6 (March 14, 1950), pp. 23–24.

Sachs also left that day: ibid., p. 24.

“Only I know that my father. . . .”: James Roosevelt,
My Parents,
p. x.

The Argentine reported: PSF Box 1.

“We studied the papers by candlelight. . . .”: F. H. Hinsley,
British Intelligence in the Second World War,
vol. 3, pt. 2, p. 586.

“If we do not keep ahead. . . .”: Jim Bishop,
FDR's Last Year,
p. 244.

chapter xxv: sympathizers and spies

But the ciphers: Robert Louis Benson,
A History of U.S. Communications Intelligence During World War II,
p. xiii.

In effect, each message sent: Venona Historical Monograph #2.

Colonel Carter Clarke of SIS: Benson, p. xiii.

The operation, initially called Bride: ibid., p. vii.

Still, the traffic of the NKVD and GRU: Norman Polmar and Thomas B. Allen,
Spy Book,
p. 577; Allen Weinstein and Alexander Vassiliev,
The Haunted Wood,
p. 291.

Had the Soviet codes been decrypted: Weinstein and Vassiliev, p. 48.

A December 1944 message: Benson, p. 383.

Years later, the Venona codebreakers: ibid., p. 337.

In a cable: ibid., p. 324.

On another occasion: ibid., p. 375.

“R expressed doubt. . . .”: ibid., p. 299.

“an exceptionally keen mind. . . .”: ibid., p. 423.

Rulevoi,
the Russian word: Weinstein and Vassiliev, p. 300.

“If the election were to take place. . . .”: Benson, p. 266.

The fact that he: Weinstein and Vassiliev, p. 307.

In 1944, Moscow engineered: ibid., p. 301.

FDR also admired the man's ability: Roger J. Sandilands,
The Life and Political Economy of Lauchlin Currie,
pp. 96–97.

Currie came to the White House:
NYT,
Dec. 30, 1993; Sandilands, p. 390.

A fresh assessment: Sandilands, pp. 107, 108.

Thus, in January 1941: Robert Thompson,
A Time for War,
p. 306.

Currie also deduced: Sandilands, p. 107.

“a queer character. . . .”: John Keegan, ed.,
Who Was Who in World War II,
p. 56.

If he really wanted to undercut: Sandilands, p. 110.

“I alerted FDR to the inefficiency. . . .”: ibid., p. 124.

“It appears to me. . . .”: ibid., p. 120.

Back in 1940, FDR had favored: ibid., p. 115.

That scheme had not come to pass: ibid., p. 116.

More significantly, it was Currie: ibid., p. 112.

“We have respected. . . .”: PSF Box 132.

Should there be the slightest doubt: ibid.

With the border between France: Sandilands, p. 138.

“You have not only thwarted. . . .”: ibid., p. 139.

Puhl, according to Kolbe: M 1642, Reel 21, Frames 168–69.

Currie had been a graduate:
Washington Post,
Aug. 14, 1948.

When Silverman came to the capital: ibid.

Thereafter, Currie continued to see: ibid.

Silvermaster was born in Odessa:
NYT,
Oct. 15, 1964.

The Civil Service Commission, MID: U.S. Congress,
Hearings on Proposed Legislation to Curb or Control the Communist Party of the United States,
February 1948, p. 618.

“A few days ago,” it read: Venona Decrypt, National Security Agency, Sept. 2, 1943.

Therefore Currie did not regard him: Herbert Romerstein, “Ideological Recruitment of Agents by Soviet Intelligence, in the Light of Venona,” Symposium on Cryptological History, National Security Agency, Fort Meade, Maryland, Oct. 29–31, 1992, p. 15.

“It's no use fighting. . . .”: Elizabeth Bentley,
Out of Bondage,
Devin-Adair edition, p. 173.

Silvermaster's productivity had grown: ibid., p. 175.

“pull every string you can. . . .”: ibid., pp. 173, 174.

By now the two men: Sandilands, p. 164.

“I have personally made. . . .”:
Hearings,
p. 628.

“Greg [Silvermaster] was permitted. . . .”: Bentley, Devin-Adair edition, p. 174.

Vasili Zarubin: Weinstein and Vassiliev, p. 161; Polmar and Allen, p. 578.

“a letter from a friend in China. . . .”: PSF Box 91.

“could find no evidence of graft. . . .”: ibid.

“I accepted, thinking that I might. . . .”: PSF Box 132.

“I think Lauch Currie would be good. . . .”: John Morton Blum,
Years of War, 1941–1945: From the Morgenthau Diaries,
p. 164.

“did not want Currie. . . .”: ibid.

“T.V. Soong, had opposed Laughlin. . . .”: John Franklin Carter Diary, April 14, 1943.

Currie informed Harry Hopkins: Michael Warner and Robert Louis Benson, “Venona and Beyond,”
Intelligence and National Security,
vol. 12, no. 3 (July 1997), p. 10.

The building: David Brinkley,
Washington Goes to War,
p. 36.

The beneficiary: Romerstein, p. 16.

What Currie had done for Hagen: ibid.

On August 7, J. Edgar Hoover: Weinstein and Vassiliev, p. 274.

Zarubin was one of those: Warner and Benson, pp. 11, 13.

Currie was apparently: Whittaker Chambers,
Witness,
p. 383.

Elizabeth Bentley later stated: Statement of Elizabeth Ferrill Bentley to the FBI, Nov. 30, 1945, p. 24;
Hearings,
p. 552.

According to an August 1944 NKVD cable: Venona Decrypt, National Security Agency, Aug. 31, 1944.

“I have been reliably informed. . . .”:
Washington Post,
July 22, 1948.

At this time, Bentley: ibid.

Currie further reported progress: PSF Box 13.

Bentley delivered plans for the B-29:
Washington Post,
July 22, 1948.

“Mr. Silverman told me. . . .”:
Hearings,
pp. 519, 552–53.

It achieves some credibility: Benson, p. xiv.

In
The Haunted Wood,
Currie: Weinstein and Vassiliev, pp. 106, 161, 243.

One cable sent in 1942: ibid., p. 154.

An NKVD message dated April 6: ibid., p. 160.

“Find out from Albert. . . .”: Venona Decrypt, Feb. 15, 1945.

“P. [for Pazh] trusts R. . . .”: ibid., March 20, 1945.

“The man was not a Communist”: Bentley statement to FBI.

She was not sure that Currie:
Hearings,
p. 553.

Harry Hopkins, before the Tehran conference: Christopher Andrew and Vasili Mitrokhin,
The Sword and the Shield,
p. 111; Weinstein and Vassiliev, pp. xxvii, 239.

“No one who talked to the Bureau. . . .”: Sandilands, p. 149.