Like a Virgin (38 page)

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

This book would not have been possible without the help and support of many people. I am indebted to you.

For inspiration, for your ears and eyes, for being intrepid archaeologists of obscure journals, for helping me pin down the science, and for your patience and many kindnesses: Professor Armand
Leroi, Nalini Persad, Lynn Saliba, Dr Robin Lovell-Badge, Dr Evan Harris, Anjali Bhargava, Amanda Hargreaves, Frank Swain, Jessica Hamzelou, Dr Abul Tarafder, Dr David Mann, Mira Samlal and Surian
Fletcher-Jones. For sharing your ideas on (some particularly difficult) ethics: Dr Anna Smajdor, Dr John Harris, and Clare Lewis-Jones MBE. For leisurely lunches in the once all-male common room at
UCL, sharing J. B. S. Haldane stories and monographs, and contemplating the reproductive biology of the Blessed Virgin: Professor Sam Berry. For fascinating medical and scientific discussions:
Professor Darren Griffin, Professor Karim Nayernia, Dr Olga Kapellou, and Dr Allan Pacey.

My very special thanks also to: Professor John Wood, whom I befriended on a flight to the Bahamas and who quite literally changed the course of my life; Peter Tallack, my literary agent; Marsha
Fillion, who commissioned this book while at Oneworld, and my editor, Robin Dennis, who is pure genius; Tara Lumley-Savile, for putting up with me as I worked mornings, evenings, and weekends
instead of doing fun things with you like the other mums – my deepest gratitude to you also because you sparked the idea that made me start this book; and Dr João Medeiros, who made me
finish it. Thank you, thank you.

INDEX

abortion

adoptions

Aeschylus

African bat bug

AIDS

Al-Jahiz

Alexander the Great

American Civil War

amino acids

An Account of the Breeding of Worms in Human Bodies

Andry, Nicolas

Angelman syndrome

aphids, reproduction

Aristotle

Aristotle’s Masterpiece

ART (assisted reproductive technology)

artificial insemination

artificial life form, first

Asia Minor

atomism

autism

Baer, Karl Ernst von

Balfour-Lynn, Stanley Dr

Bartholin, Thomas

Beckwith-Wiedemann

bees

Beneden, Edouard Van

Berry, Sam

Bhalla-Pentley, Melissa

biological parent, redefining

bipolar affective disorder

birds

birth defects

Bland, Kim

Blyth, Professor Eric

Bosch, Hieronymous

BrannstrÖm, Mats

British Fertility Society

Bronze Age

Brown, Lesley

Brown, John

Brown, Louise Joy

Brown, Natalie

Brown University

Budin, Pierre-Constant

Buley, Kevin

Bulletti, Professor Carlo

Bunker, Chang and Eng

Butscher, Susanne

Buttle, Elizabeth

cancer

Campbell, Kathleen

Carson, Sandra

Celera Genomics

cells

chickens

chlamydia

chromosomes

clitoris

cloning

contraceptives

coronary heart disease

cot death syndrome

CSF (cytostatic factor)

Couney, Dr Martin Arthur

cystic fibrosis

cytoplasm

Daily Telegraph

Dalenpatius

Darwin, Charles

de la Chapelle syndrome

De Temperamentis

de Villeneuve

diabetes

Dor Yeshorim

DNA

Dolly the sheep

Down syndrome

drugs, misuse

dwarfism

ectogenesis

Edwards, Robert

eggs

ejaculation

ejaculatory duct

electric ant

Ellis, Megan

embryo

Entozoa

epigeneics

epilepsy

eukaryote

European Parliament

Evening Standard

Evening News

Experiments Conerning the Generation of Animals

Fallopian tubes

families, biological

fertility

Fertility First

foetal alcohol syndrome

foetus

Folge, C.

follicles

Fragile X syndrome

Francis I

frogs

fruit fly

FSH (follicle stimulating hormone)

Galilei, Galileo

Gardianul

gene therapy

genes

geneticists

genetics

genomes

genomic imprinting

Girault

GnRH (gonadotropin-releasing hormone)

Gould, Stephen Jay

green swordtail

Guardianul

Haldane, J.B.S.

Ham, Johan

Hamilton, E.D.

‘Hapsburg jaw’

Hartsoeker, Niklaas

Harvey, William

Hawkes, Kristen

HCG (human chorionic gonatrophin hormone)

Henry II

Henry IV

Henry Doorly Zoo, Nebraska

Heredity and Politics

hermaphroditism

Herodotus

Herophilos

Hippocrates

HIV

Hohenheim, Phillipus Bombastus von

HPA (hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis)

Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority

Human Genome Project

Hunter, John

Huntington’s disease

Huxley, Thomas Henry

hyenas

immune system

imprinting

inbreeding

incubators

Independent

infertility

INSERM

insulin

in vitro-derived cells

Islam, medieval, biological ideas

IUI (intra uterine insemination)

IVF (in vitro fertilization)

Japanese Ryukyu spiny rat

Jefferson Medical College

Jones, Emmimarie

Jones, Jayne

Jones, Monica

Journal of Virology

Kitab al-Hayawan

kleptogenesis

Klinefelter syndrome

Komodo dragons

Kono, Tomohiro

Kuwabara, Professor Yoshinori

Leeuwenhoek, Antonie

Liu, Hung-Ching

lizards

Loeb, Jacques

London Zoo

Lozada, Dr. Géado

malaria

male pregnancy

Male Nipples and Clitoral Ripples

mammals

Marfan syndrome

Marie Claire

marine species

Markert, Clement

Marmot, Sir Michael

marriages, consanguineous

marsupials

Masui, Yoshio

Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser syndrome

Mayr, Ernst

Medici, Catherine de

Medina, Lina

meiosis

melanocortin

menopause

MHC molecules

mice

microscopes

miscarriage

mitosis

mole vole

molecules, MHC

mosquito

Mosuo

mothers, and bonding

moths

MPF (maturation promoting factor)

mutations

Nature Genetics

Neesen, Dr Victor

New South Wales Department of

Primary Industries

New York Times

NHS

North East England Stem Cell Institute

nucleotides

obesity

oestradiol

oestrogen

Office for National Statistics (UK)

study of lone parents

OHSS (ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome)

Oldham and District General Hospital

On a True Parthenogenesis

On the Generation of Animals

On Viruses, Sex and Motherhood

‘oral conception’

Origen

Ottosson, Eva

Ottosson, Sara

Otway, Nick

ovarian teratomas

ovaries

oxytocin

Owen, Richard

Palais de Beaux Arts

Pancoast, Professor William

Paracelsus

paradox of sex

parasites

parents, single

parthenogenesis

in human beings (article)

penis

PGD (pre-implantation genetic diagnosis)

PGS (pre-implantation genetic screening)

phenylthiourea

PhilipII, King of Macedon

placenta

eating

Plantades, François de

Plato

Poitiers, Diane de

pregnancy

pregnancy hormone (hCG)

premature babies

Priore, Giuseppe Del

progesterone

protein

recessive disorders

Red Queen hypothesis

Renaissance

reproduction

Royal College of Midwives

Ruakura Agriculture Centre

Schenck, Professor Leopold

schizophrenia

semen

sex, problems for women

sharks

Sheffield University

Sherman, Jerome K.

Siebold, Karl Ernst von

Silber, Dr Sherman

Silver-Russell syndrome

Sims, James Marion

skin layers

Smellie, William

Smith, A.D.

Smith, Richard

snakes

Soranus

sperm

spindle

Spurway, Helen

Spurway, Jack

SRY

SSC (spermatogonial stem cells)

STDs

stem cells

Steptoe, Dr Patrick

stingless wasp

stinkbugs

stress

Sudden Infant Death syndrome

Sunday Pictorial

surrogacy

Tarnier, Etienne Stéphane

Taylor, Amillia Sonja

Tehran University

teratomas

Testart, Jacques

test-tube babies

testosterone

Thabit ibn Qurra

thalassaemia

The Concert in the Egg

The Eumenides

The Lancet

Tokyo University of Agriculture

totipotency

Tourette’s syndrome

trophoblast

tuberculosis

turkeys

Turner’s syndrome

UCLA Medical Center

Universe

University of

US Census Bureau