Lincoln (148 page)

279
the first day:
This account of Lincoln’s schedule is based on
Lincoln Day by Day,
3:21–22.

279
“natural, and agreeable”:
Frederick W. Seward,
Seward at Washington... 1846–1861
(New York: Derby & Miller, 1891), p. 511.

279
“peculiarly pleasant”:
Robert W. Johannsen,
Stephen A. Douglas
(New York: Oxford University Press, 1973), p. 841.

280
“where it may”:
Baringer,
A House Dividing,
p. 307.

280
“other the more”: CW,
4:246–247.

280
“without moral grace”:
Baringer,
A House Dividing,
p. 313.

280
“himself laughs uproariously”:
New York
Evening Post,
Mar. 3, 1861; J. W. Schulte Nordholt, “The Civil War Letters of the Dutch Ambassador,”
JISHS
54 (Winter 1961): 361.

280
“man Douglas is!”:
George Fort Milton,
The Eve of Conflict: Stephen A. Douglas and the Needless War
(Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1934), p. 545.

281
eleven favored Chase: CW,
4:248.

281
by his appearance:
My portrait of Seward is drawn from
Charles Francis Adams, 1835–1915:
An Autobiography
(Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1916), pp. 57, 79;
The Education of Henry Adams: An Autobiography
(Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1918), p. 104; and William Howard Russell,
My Diary North and South
(Boston: T. O. H. P. Burnham, 1863), pp. 34–35.

281
“if he would”:
Nevins,
The Emergence of Lincoln,
2:452.

281
“adjustment afterwards”:
Frederick J. Blue,
Salmon P. Chase: A Life in Politics
(Kent, Ohio: Kent State University Press, 1987), p. 135.

282
“he, Seward, remained”:
Welles,
Diary,
2:391.

282
“withdraw that consent”: CW
, 4:273.

282
“the first trick”:
Nicolay and Hay, 3:371.

282
“at the top”:
Ibid., 370.

282
“the experiment successful”:
Seward,
Seward at Washington,
p. 518.

282
to the Capitol:
For a colorful description of the inauguration, see Margaret Leech,
Reveille in Washington, 1860–1865
(New York: Harper & Brothers, 1941), pp. 42–45.

283
during the ceremony:
San Francisco
Daily Alta California,
Apr. 1, 1861. Willard L. King,
Lincoln’s Manager, David Davis
(Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1960), p. 350, gives an even earlier source for this sometimes questioned story.

283
“of his audience”:
George W. Julian,
Political Recollections, 1840 to 1872
(Chicago: Jansen, McClurg & Co., 1884), p. 187.

283
“
’or a sword?’
”: This first version of the inaugural speech is in
CW,
4:249–262; the quoted passages are on pp. 254 and 261.

283
the border states:
Browning,
Diary,
1:455–456; Orville H. Browning to AL, Feb. 17, 1861, Lincoln MSS, LC.

284
“and cheerful confidence”:
Seward,
Seward at Washington,
pp. 512–513.

284
“of the nation”: CW,
4:261–262.

284
of our nature: CW,
4:271.

284
“of our freedom”:
Mitgang,
Lincoln: A Press Portrait,
pp. 243–244.

284
Jefferson Davis’s:
Dwight L. Dumond, ed.,
Southern Editorials on Secession
(Gloucester, Mass.: Peter Smith, 1964), pp. 474–475.

284
“front against brother”:
Howard Cecil Perkins, ed.,
Northern Editorials on Secession
(New York: D. Appleton-Century Co., 1942), 2:618, 624, 628, 634.

284
“obscurely stated qualifications
”: Ibid., 2:645.

285
“doing the business”:
Robert L. Wilson to WHH, Feb. 10, 1866, HWC.

285
informing Secretary Welles:
Welles,
Diary
1:16–21.

285
friend Elmer Ellsworth: CW,
4:291.

285
“all about it”:
Charles Francis Adams, Diary, Mar. 10,1861, MS, Massachusetts Historical Society.

285
“ill-bred, ravenous crowd”:
Francis Fessenden,
Life and Public Services of William Pitt Fessenden
(Boston: Houghton, Mifflin & Co., 1907), 1:127.

285
“that hungry lot”:
Villard,
Memoirs,
1:156.

285
“or even breathe”:
John G. Nicolay to O. M. Hatch, Mar. 7, 1861, Hatch MSS, ISHL.

285
“applications for office”:
Orville H. Browning to AL, Mar. 26, 1861, Lincoln MSS, LC.

285
“must see them”:
Henry Wilson to WHH, May 30, 1867, HWC.

286
“introductory” and “uninteresting”: Bates, Diary,
p. 177.

286
“to be understood”:
Welles,
Diary,
1:6. Welles added this passage to his diary later.

286
did he need?: CW,
4:279.

286
“question of time”:
Winfield Scott to AL, Mar. 12, 1861, Lincoln MSS, LC.

286
got the message:
William Ernest Smith,
The Francis Preston Blair Family in Politics
(New York: Macmillan Co., 1933), 2:9–10; Francis P. Blair, Sr., to Montgomery Blair, Mar. 12, 1861, Lincoln MSS, LC.

286
from the sea:
My account of Fox’s activities in the following pages draws heavily on Ari Hoogenboom’s excellent “Gustavus Fox and the Relief of Fort Sumter,”
Civil War History
9 (Dec. 1963): 383–398.

286
“to attempt it?”: CW,
4:284.

287
“of the Government”:
The replies of all the cabinet members are in the Lincoln MSS, LC.

287
“national destruction consummated”: CW,
4:424.

287
“a Military
necessity”: David C. Mearns, ed.,
The Lincoln Papers
(Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday & Co., 1948), 2:483–484.

287
“be instantly withdrawn
”. James Ford Rhodes,
History of the United States from the Compromise of 1850
(New York: Macmillan Co., 1906), 3:333.

287
“the movement ruined”:
San Francisco
Daily Alta California,
Apr. 1, 1861.

288
“worth a rush”:
Kenneth M. Stampp,
And the War Came: The North and the Secession Crisis,
1860–1861
(Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1950), p. 213.

288
“a richous cause”:
William Butler to Lyman Trumbull, Mar. 14, 1861, Trumbull MSS, LC.

288
“of the United States”:
Potter,
Lincoln and His Party,
p. 360.

288
“and refused admittance”:
Stephen A. Hurlbut to AL, Mar. 27, 1861, Lincoln MSS, LC.

288
“this Union perpetual”:
Nicolay and Hay, 3:394.

288
“in the dumps”:
Current,
Lincoln and the First Shot,
p. 79.

289
of General Scott:
Nicolay and Hay, 3:430–432.

289
by April 6: CW,
4:301. Hoogenboom, “Gustavus Fox and the Relief of Fort Sumter,” p. 387, suggests that Lincoln had already approved Fox’s expedition before the cabinet council of Mar. 29.

289
“no binding engagements”:
J. G. Randall,
Lincoln the Liberal Statesman
(New York: Dodd, Mead & Co., 1947), p. 101.

289
he “keeled over”: Allan
Nevins,
The War for the Union,
vol. 1,
The Improvised War, 1861–1862
(New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1959), p. 58.

290
“nor assume responsibility”: CW,
4:317–318.

290
this extraordinary document:
Norman B. Ferris, “Lincoln and Seward in Civil War Diplomacy: Their Relationship at the Outset Reexamined,”
Journal of the Abraham Lincoln Association
12 (1991), 21–42, attempts a reinterpretation favorable to Seward, but, in my opinion, the comments of Richard N. Current (ibid., pp. 43–47) are more persuasive.

290
“will come to”:
Samuel H. Allen to Christopher Prince, Mar. 31, 1861, MS in private hands.

290
“state of things”:
Carl Schurz to AL, Apr. 5, 1861, Lincoln MSS, LC.

290
“must do it”: CW,
4:316–317.

290
of this offer:
The evidence on this proposed bargain with Virginia Unionists is murky, and any conclusion has to be tentative. On this question J. G. Randall’s analysis in
Lincoln the President,
1:324–327, is persuasive. Daniel W. Crofts,
Reluctant Confederates: Upper South Unionists in the Secession Crisis
(Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1989), is a masterful study, and his account of Lincoln’s conversations with Baldwin and other Virginia Unionists (pp. 301–307) merits careful consideration. I am not, however, convinced that Lincoln gave deliberately misleading reports of his conversation with Baldwin. Shortly after Virginia seceded, Lincoln told a delegation from the western part of the state that he had promised Baldwin “to withdraw the troops from Fort Sumpter, and do all within the line of his duty to ward off collision” if the Virginia convention would “pass resolutions of adherence to the Union, then adjourn and go home.” George Plumer Smith to John Hay, Jan. 9, 1863, Lincoln MSS, LC. Lincoln vouched for Smith’s statement as “substantially correct.” John Hay to George Plumer Smith, Jan. 10, 1863, Lincoln MSS, LC.