Lincoln (151 page)

317
“an ordinary man”:
Browning,
Diary,
1:516.

317
“and unbounded confidence”:
George B. McClellan,
McClellan’s Own Story
(New York: Charles L. Webster & Co., 1887), pp. 82–83.

318
“scare-crow on horseback”:
Levi S. Gould, “Personal Recollections of Abraham Lincoln,”
Magazine of History with Notes and Queries
16 (Jan. 1913): 12.

318
“vacil[l]ating and inefficient”:
Zachariah Chandler to Letitia Chandler, Oct. 27, 1861, Chandler MSS, LC.

318
“French and dancing”:
B. F. Wade to Zachariah Chandler, Oct. 8, 1861, Chandler MSS, LC.

318
taken into account:
Hay,
Diary,
pp. 31–32.

319
“by parricidal rebellion “: CW,
5:10.

319
“do it all”:
Hay,
Diary,
p. 33.

319
“is an idiot”:
McClellan,
Civil War Papers,
pp. 85–86.

319
Cameron a rascal:
Ibid., pp. 106–107, 113–114.

319
“a rare bird?”:
Williams,
Lincoln and His Generals,
p. 45.

320
“and personal dignity”:
Hay,
Diary,
pp. 34–35.

320
win a victory:
Nicolay and Hay, 4:469n.

320
“ones, at variance”: CW,
5:51.

320
“Davis
at once”: Zachariah Chandler to Letitia Chandler, Oct. 27, 1861, Chandler MSS, LC.

320
“vast future also”:
The full text of the message is in
CW,
5:35–53.

321
Secretary of State:
Clarence E. Macartney,
Lincoln and His Cabinet
(New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1931), p. 124.

321
“Chicago Post Office”:
Martin B. Duberman,
Charles Francis Adams, 1807–1886
(Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1961), p. 257.

321
British Foreign Office:
For a facsimile of this document, showing Lincoln’s numerous corrections, see Allen Thorndike Rice, ed.,
Reminiscences of Abraham Lincoln by Distinguished Men of His Time
(New York: North American Review, 1888), following the printed transcription on pp. lv–lxix.

322
state in Washington:
I have sketched the Lincoln-Sumner relationship in
Lincoln Reconsidered: Essays on the Civil War Era
(New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1956), chap. 6, and have drawn it in much more detail in
Charles Sumner and the Rights of Man
(New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1970), esp. chap. 1.

322
“justly with us”:
Browning,
Diary,
1:516.

323
“of the nation”:
Bates,
Diary,
p. 216.

323
“at a time”:
Randall,
Lincoln the President,
2:41.

323
“gall and wormwood”:
Chase,
Diary,
p. 54.

323
“the right one”.
F. W. Seward,
Seward at Washington... 1861–1872,
pp. 25–26.

324
“this great emergency”:
Horace White,
The Life of Lyman Trumbull
(Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1913), p. 171.

324
through investigating committees:
The following pages draw heavily on Allan G. Bogue’s original and admirable study,
The Congressman’s Civil War
(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989), chap. 3.

324
“her damnable airs”:
Murat Halstead to Timothy C. Day, June 8, 1861, copy in Carl Sandburg MSS, Illinois Historical Survey, Urbana.

324
replied “Tres poo
”: John Bigelow, Diary, July 9, 1861, MS, New York Public Library.

325
drop the investigation:
See the excellent summary in Bogue,
Congressman’s Civil War,
pp. 69–71. The myth that Lincoln appeared before either this committee or the Committee on the Conduct of the War to defend Mary Lincoln has been exploded. Mark E. Neely, Jr., “Abraham Lincoln Did NOT Defend His Wife Before the Committee on the Conduct of the War,”
LL,
no. 1643 (Jan. 1975).

325
“the worst scandal”:
John Henry Woodward, “A Narrative of the Family and Civil War Experiences and Events of His Life,” ed. Frederick Woodward Hopkins (typescript, Library of Congress, 1919), p. 14.

325
“advising general plans”:
Nicolay,
Lincoln’s Secretary,
p. 125.

325
“as war minister”:
Gustave Koerner to Lyman Trumbull, July 24, 1861, Trumbull MSS, LC.

325
“is a thief”:
John P. Cranford to AL, Aug. 10, 1861, Lincoln MSS, LC.

325
should be removed:
O. H. Browning to AL, Aug. 19, 1861, Lincoln MSS, LC.

325
needed to borrow:
George M. Davis to AL, Aug. 24, 1861, Lincoln MSS, LC.

325
“settled de novo”:
Schuyler Colfax to Simon Cameron, Sept. 24, 1861, Cameron MSS, LC.

325
the Buchanan administration:
B. W. Bush to Joseph Holt, Nov. 23, 1861, Holt MSS, LC.

326
“against the rebels”:
A. Howard Meneely,
The War Department, 1861: A Study in Mobilization and Administration
(New York: Columbia University Press, 1928), p. 348.

326
“to public trust”:
Randall,
Lincoln the President,
2:55–56, is especially good on the firing of Cameron.

326
“in the country”:
Bogue,
Congressman’s Civil War,
p. 106.

326
“least equally responsible”: CW,
5:241–243.

327
played lesser roles:
T. Harry Williams, “The Committee on the Conduct of the War: An Experiment in Civilian Control,” in
The Selected Essays of T. Harry Williams
(Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1983), pp. 15–30, takes a hostile view. For other, more favorable appraisals see Brian Holden Reid, “Historians and the Joint Committee on the Conduct of the War, 1861–1865,”
Civil War History
38 (Dec. 1992): 319–341. The personnel of the committee changed slightly over the next four years, but Wade and Chandler remained firmly in control. Williams,
Lincoln and the Radicals,
p. 65.

327
harmony was maintained:
Detroit Post and Tribune,
Zachariah Chandler: An Outline Sketch of His Life and Public Services
(Detroit: Post and Tribune Co., Publishers, 1880), pp. 217–218.

327
“perfectly good mood”:
CW, 5:88.

327
“our own people”: CW
, 5:35.

On military affairs in 1862, and especially on Lincoln’s relationship with McClellan, the standard works are Kenneth P. Williams,
Lincoln Finds a General: A Military Study of the Civil War
(New York: Macmillan Co., 1949), vols. 1–2, and T. Harry Williams,
Lincoln and His Generals
(New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1952). I have learned much from both these historians, though I do not fully share their hostility toward McClellan. Stephen W. Sears,
George B. McClellan: The Young Napoleon
(New York: Ticknor & Fields, 1988), is the best biography. Stephen W. Sears, ed.,
The Civil War Papers of George B. McClellan: Selected Correspondence, 1860–1865
(New York: Ticknor & Fields, 1989), and George B. McClellan,
McClellan’s Own Story
(New York: Charles L. Webster, 1887), are invaluable.

T. Harry Williams,
Lincoln and the Radicals
(Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1941), is the basic work on factionalism within the Republican party. I have questioned some of Williams’s conclusions—especially those concerning the solidarity of the Radical faction and the hostility of Radicals toward Lincoln—in “The Radicals and Lincoln,” in
Lincoln Reconsidered: Essays on the Civil War Era
(New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1956), and in “Devils Facing Zionwards,” in Grady McWhiney, ed.,
Grant, Lee, Lincoln and the Radicals: Essays on Civil War Leadership
(Evanston, III.: Northwestern University Press, 1964). Hans L. Trefousse,
The Radical Republicans: Lincoln’s Vanguard for Racial Justice
(New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1969), sees the Radicals as largely helping, rather than hindering, Lincoln. Allan G. Bogue,
The Earnest Men: Republicans of the Civil War Senate
(Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1981), is an important, objective study that uses roll-call analysis and other statistical techniques to define membership in the Republican factions.

The best account of Lincoln’s plans for what he called “gradual, and not sudden emancipation” is in J. G. Randall,
Lincoln the President: Springfield to Gettysburg
(New York: Dodd, Mead, & Co., 1945), chap. 21.

328
“power to command”: Bates,
Diary,
p. 220.

328
“of boyish cheerfulness”:
Ralph L. Rusk,
The Life of Ralph Waldo Emerson
(New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1949), p. 414.

328
“submit to it”:
P. P. Enos to Lyman Trumbull, Jan. 7, 1862, Trumbull MSS, LC.

328
“being two nations”: Day by Day,
3:87.

329
“to General McClellan”:
George W. Julian,
Political Recollections, 1840 to 1872
(Chicago: Jansen, McClurg & Co., 1884), p. 201.

329
“concert at once”: CW,
5:87.

329
“in the South”: CW,
5:91.

329
rather than orders: CW,
5:98.

329
“can be done”: CW,
5:95.

330
“What shall I do?”:
“General M. C. Meigs on the Conduct of the Civil War,”
American Historical Review
26 (Jan. 1921): 292.