Lincoln (153 page)

344
the race problem:
Of the many studies of Lincoln and colonization, I have found the following most useful: Warren A. Beck, “Lincoln and Negro Colonization in Central America,”
ALQ
6 (Sept. 1950): 162–183; Gabor S. Boritt, “The Voyage to the Colony of Linconia: The Sixteenth President, Black Colonization, and the Defense Mechanism of Avoidance,”
Historian
37 (Aug. 1975): 619–632; N. A. N. eleven, “Some Plans for Colonizing Liberated Negro Slaves in Hispanic America,”
Journal of Negro History
11 (Jan. 1926): 35–49; Walter A. Payne, “Lincoln’s Caribbean Colonization Plan,”
Pacific Historian
7 (May 1963): 65–72; Paul J. Scheips, “Lincoln and the Chiriqui Colonization Project,”
Journal of Negro History
37 (Oct. 1952): 418–453; and Michael Vorenberg, “Abraham Lincoln and the Politics of Black Colonization,”
Journal of the Abraham Lincoln Association
14 (Summer 1993): 23–45. A fascinating essay by William W. Freehling, “‘Absurd’ Issues and the Causes of the Civil War: Colonization as a Test Case,” in his
Reintegration of American History: Slavery and the Civil War
(New York: Oxford University Press, 1994), pp. 138–157, suggests that colonization was not an entirely impracticable scheme.

344
to Central America:
George M. Fredrickson,
The Black Image in the White Mind: The Debate on Afro-American Character and Destiny, 1817–1914
(New York: Harper & Row, 1971), pp. 148–149.

344
“among us” was inevitable:
Francis Preston Blair, Sr., to AL, Nov. 16, 1861, Lincoln MSS, LC.

344
together in peace:
Montgomery Blair to AL, Nov. 21, 1861, Lincoln MSS, LC.

344
were fully verified:
N. W. Edwards to AL, Aug. 9, 1861, Lincoln MSS, LC.

344
“by the prospects”:
S. P. Chase to AL, Nov. 12, 1861, Lincoln MSS, LC.

345
“has passed by”:
Edward Everett Hale,
Memories of a Hundred Years
(New York: Macmillan Co., 1904), 2:190–191.

345
introduced as bills: CW,
5:28–29; George P. Fisher, typed essay on “The Trial of John H. Surratt for the Murder of President Lincoln,” Fisher MSS, LC.

345
“with human freedom”:
Donald,
Sumner,
p. 47.

346
“latitudes and countries”:
Frederick J. Blue,
Salmon P. Chase: A Life in Politics
(Kent, Ohio: Kent State University Press, 1987), pp. 83–84.

346
filed away unused:
Salmon P. Chase, draft of a proposed presidential message on compensated emancipation, Mar. 6, 1862, Lincoln MSS, LC.

346
matter of policy:
For an astute review of the relationship between the two men, see John Niven, “Lincoln and Chase, a Reappraisal,”
Journal of the Abraham Lincoln Association
12 (1991): 1–15.

346
“of his dept.
“. Hay,
Diary,
p. 145.

346
“anything about ‘money’
”.: Gabor S. Boritt,
Lincoln and the Economics of the American Dream
(Memphis: Memphis State University Press, 1978), p. 203.

346
“it in to-day”:
Donald,
Sumner,
p. 51.

347
“may follow it”: CW,
5:144–146.

347
“the right place”:
San Francisco,
Daily Alta California,
Apr. 8, 1862.

347
“wise a ruler”:
Herbert Mitgang, ed.,
Abraham Lincoln: A Press Portrait
(Chicago: Quadrangle Books, 1971), pp. 290, 293.

347
District of Columbia: CW,
5:152–153.

347
“and sound policy”:
Henry J. Raymond to AL, Mar. 15, 1862, Lincoln MSS, LC.

347
“about the matter”.
John G. Nicolay, Diary, Mar. 9, 1862, Nicolay MSS, LC.

348
“of his Country”:
Segal,
Conversations,
pp. 165–168.

348
“office he holds”: The American Annual Cyclopaedia and Register of Important Events of the Year 1862
(New York: D. Appleton & Co., 1871), 2:346.

348
“and hungry dog”:
Adam Gurowski,
Diary from March 4, 1861, to November 12, 1862
(Boston: Lee & Shepard, 1862), p. 159.

348
by overwhelming majorities:
Though Lincoln was able to enlist the almost unanimous support of Republican congressmen for the resolution, he did not succeed in attracting bipartisan support for it. In the House of Representatives only four Democrats supported the resolution, and only one Democrat in the Senate voted for it.

348
“greatly prefer it”: CW,
5:169.

349
“no military knowledge”:
Randall,
Lincoln the President,
2:84–85.

349
“he fights”:
Williams,
Lincoln and His Generals,
p. 86.

349
“meet the crisis”.
Browning,
Diary,
1:537–538.

349
Washington “entirely secure”: CW,
5:151.

350
“line ...at once”. CW,
5:182.

350
“do it himself”:
McClellan,
Civil War Papers,
p. 234.

350
“sluggishness of action”:
Browning,
Diary,
1:540.

350
“you must act”:
CW,
5:185.

350
“the best motives”:
George B. McClellan to Montgomery Blair, Apr. 20, 1862, Blair MSS, LC.

350
“loss of life”:
George B. McClellan to AL, Apr. 23, 1862, Lincoln MSS, LC.

350
scene of operations.
My account of Lincoln’s Norfolk “campaign” follows Egbert L. Viele, “A Trip with Lincoln, Chase and Stanton,”
Scribner’s Monthly
16 (Oct. 1878): 813–822, and William E. Baringer, “On Enemy Soil: President Lincoln’s Norfolk Campaign,”
ALQ 7
(Mar. 1952): 4–26.

351
“terror as ever”:
Chase,
Diary,
p. 85.

351
“hurts my feelings”:
Wilson Barstow to Elizabeth Barstow, May 12, 1862, Barstow MSS, LC.

352
all at once: CW,
5:208–209.

352
obey his orders: CW,
5:219,226–227.

352
lost his balance:
Madeleine Vinton Dahlgren,
Memoir of John A. Dahlgren
(Boston: James R. Osgood & Co., 1882), p. 369.

352
to approve it:
Lucius E. Chittenden,
Recollections of President Lincoln and His Administration
(New York: Harper & Brothers, 1891), pp. 307–309.

352
“than Mr. Buchanan
”: Edward Dicey,
Six Months in the Federal States
(New York: Macmillan & Co., 1863), 1:228.

All Lincoln biographies deal extensively with the Emancipation Proclamation, and I have learned much from them. The fullest analysis is in J. G. Randall,
Lincoln the President: Springfield to Gettysburg
(New York: Dodd, Mead & Co., 1945), vol. 2, on which I have greatly relied. John Hope Franklin,
The Emancipation Proclamation
(Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday & Co., 1963), is an excellent brief account.

354
“different from theirs”: CW,
5:278–279.

355
“another Bull Run”:
Charles Sumner to R. H. Dana, Jr., May 31, 1862, Dana MSS, Massachusetts Historical Society.

355
“defence of Washington”: CW,
5:236.

356
“speed you can”: CW,
5:246.

356
in two days:
T. Harry Williams,
Lincoln and His Generals
(New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1952), pp. 100–101.

356
“in good order”: CW,
5:255.

356
able to move: CW,
5:273.

356
“Providence will permit”: CW,
5:276–277.

357
“prolonging the war”:
Stephen W. Sears,
George B. McClellan: The Young Napoleon
(New York: Ticknor & Fields, 1988), pp. 200, 203.

357
“irresolute in action”.
McClellan,
Civil War Papers,
pp. 244–245.

357
“end of the rebellion”:
Winfield Scott to AL, June 24, 1862, Lincoln MSS, LC.

357
“attached to it”: CW,
5:284.

358
than the unjust:
Nicolay and Hay, 5:414–415.

358
“simply absurd”: CW,
5:301.

358
“sacrifice this army”:
McClellan,
Civil War Papers,
pp. 322–323. For Lincoln’s rebuke of Marcy for speaking of capitulation, see Browning,
Diary,
1:558–559.

358
“browze round”. CW,
5:294; Strong,
Diary,
p. 218.

358
“
’die sometime’
“: Browning,
Diary,
1:559–560.

359
“bring it out”: CW,
5:298.

359
“satisfactory conclusion”: CW,
5:292, 296–297.

359
“break it for him”: Sandburg, 1:511–512. McClellan indignantly denied the charge, saying that he protected the White House only because it was once the property of George Washington. McClellan,
Civil War Papers,
pp. 290–291.

359
“timber at that”:
Charles N. Walker and Rosemary Walker, eds., “Diary of the War of Robt. S. Robertson,”
Old Fort News
28 (Jan.–Mar. 1965): 42; McClellan,
Civil War Papers,
p. 362.