Lincoln (155 page)

Allan Nevins,
The War for the Union
(New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1960), vol. 2, offers the most comprehensive survey of the period between the preliminary and the final Emancipation Proclamations. I have also found especially useful William Safire’s
Freedom
(Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday & Co., 1987). Though this account is fictional, it is abundantly documented in Safire’s “Underbook” of notes.

377
“his fellow man”:
Speed to WHH, Feb. 7, 1866, HWC.

377
“issued by man”:
Robert S. Harper,
Lincoln and the Press
(New York: McGraw-Hill Book Co., 1951), p. 177.

378
dozen hams:
W. B. Lowry, H. Catlin, and J. F. Downing to AL, Sept. 23,1862; McKim to AL, Sept. 27, 1862; George Cassaru to AL, Sept. 25,1862—all in Lincoln MSS, LC.

378
“other American man”:
Ralph L. Rusk,
The Life of Ralph Waldo Emerson
(New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1949), pp. 416–417.

378
“side of the President”:
Donald,
Sumner,
p. 81.

378
“sound policy”: CW,
5:441.

378
“kills no rebels”: CW,
5:444.

378
“Mr. Lincoln’s proclamation”:
Randall,
Lincoln the President,
2:175; Richard Nelson Current,
Lincoln’s Loyalists
(Boston: Northeastern University Press, 1992), p. 50.

379
“and of revenge”:
Ephraim D. Adams,
Great Britain and the American Civil War
(New York: Longmans, Green & Co., 1925), 2:102.

379
“destroy the Union”:
Nevins,
War for the Union,
2:235n.

379
“loyal Slave States”:
Randall,
Lincoln the President,
2:172.

379
“no practical result”:
Virginia Jeans Laas, ed.,
Wartime Washington: The Civil War Letters of Elizabeth Blair Lee
(Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1991), p. 187.

380
“beyond our vision”:
Harper,
Lincoln and the Press,
p. 177;
New York Evening Express,
Sept. 23, 1862.

380
“authority of the United States”: CW,
5:437.

380
“less it does”:
James A. Bayard to S. L. M. Barlow, Sept. 30,1862, Barlow MSS, HEH.

381
not radical enough:
Carl Schurz to AL, May 19,1862, Lincoln MSS, LC.

381
“might be averted”:
Forney to Hannibal Hamlin, Oct. 1,1862, Hamlin MSS, microfilm, Columbia University.

381
“some time since”:
Chase,
Diary,
p. 151.

381
first law partner:
Harry E. Pratt, “The Repudiation of Lincoln’s War Policy in 1862—Stuart-Swett Congressional Campaign,”
JISHS
24:129–140.

382
“plain sailing”:
DeWitt C. Clarke to W. H. Seward, Sept. 23, 1862, Seward MSS, UR.

382
“nothing else”:
Enoch T. Carson to S. P. Chase, Sept. 25, 1862, Chase MSS.

382
himself a dictator:
See the excellent treatment of this subject in Mark E. Neely, Jr.,
The Fate of Liberty: Abraham Lincoln and Civil Liberties
(New York: Oxford University Press, 1991), pp. 51–65.

382
“writ of ‘habeas corpus’”:
Arthur C. Cole,
The Era of the Civil War, 1848–1870
(Springfield: Illinois Centennial Commission, 1919), p. 297.

382
“red with blood”:
Seymour is quoted in John Livingston to W. H. Seward, Oct. 4, 1862, Seward MSS, UR.

382
“overwork had wrought”:
Mary A. Livermore,
My Story of the War
(Hartford: A. D. Worthington & Co., 1889), pp. 555, 560.

382
“of holy-days”: CW,
5:452.

382
a severe rebuff
The best way to understand the outcome of the election is to consult the stunning maps in Kenneth C. Martis,
The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress, 1789–1989
(New York: Macmillan Publishing Co., 1989), pp. 115, 117.

383
“want of confidence”: New York Times,
Nov. 7, 1862.

383
to “Africanize” Illinois:
Bruce Tap, “Race, Rhetoric, and Emancipation: The Election of 1862 in Illinois,”
Civil War History
39 (June 1993): 101–125.

383
in Republican counties: CW,
5:494. For refutation of the theory that more Republicans than Democrats were in the army, see Randall,
Lincoln the President,
2:235–236.

383
“carry on the Government”:
Field to AL, Nov. 8, 1862, Lincoln MSS, LC.

383
“made to relent”:
T. J. Barnett to S. L. M. Barlow, Nov. 30, 1862, Barlow MSS, HEH.

383
“hands of its enemy’s”:
Schurz to Lincoln, Nov. 8, 1862, Lincoln MSS, LC.

384
outcome of the elections:
S. W. Oakey to AL, Nov. 5, 1862, Lincoln MSS, LC.

384
“not surprise me”:
Sandburg, 1:606–607.

385
“intimidate the President”:
Nevins,
War for the Union,
2:23 In.

385
“to insubordination”:
Ibid., 2:238.

385
Pinkerton’s long interview:
Pinkerton’s report of this interview is in James D. Horan,
The Pinkertons: The Detective Dynasty That Made History
(New York: Crown Publishers, 1967), pp. 130–133.

386
“break up that game”: CW,
5:442–443. Most historians have failed to see the importance of Key’s dismissal. The best account of the affair is Safire,
Freedom,
pp. 770–775; see particularly Safire’s notes, pp. 1084–1085.

387
“wanted an example”: CW,
5:508; Chase,
Diary
, p. 219.

387
trusted political advisers:
On Thomas M. Key’s influence over McClellan, see Donn Piatt,
Memories of the Men Who Saved the Union
(New York: Belford, Clarke & Co., 1887), pp. 291–295.

387
“into a despotism”:
Bruce Catton,
Terrible Swift Sword
(Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday & Co., 1963), pp. 464–465.

387
opposition to the proclamations:
Montgomery Blair to McClellan, Sept. 27, 1862, McClellan MSS, LC.

387
“manners and appearance”:
Allan Nevins, ed.,
A Diary of Battle: The Personal Journals of Colonel Charles S. Wainwright, 1861–1865
(New York: Harcourt, Brace & World, 1962), pp. 109–110.

387
adjacent to McClellan’s:
For a detailed chronology of the visit, see
LL,
no. 1277 (Sept. 28,1953).

387
“McClellan’s body-guard”: Francis Fisher Browne,
The Every-day Life of Abraham Lincoln
(Chicago: Browne & Howell Co., 1913), 2:417–418.

387
“smile of approbation”:
Nevins,
Diary of Battle,
p. 110.

388
of the Union dead:
Ward Hill Lamon,
Recollections of Abraham Lincoln, 1847–1865,
ed. Dorothy Lamon Teillard (Washington, D.C.: 1911), chap. 9;
LL,
no. 250 (Sept. 4, 1933).

388
“general in the country”:
McClellan,
Civil War Papers,
pp. 489–490.

388
“master of the situation”:
William D. Kelley,
Lincoln and Stanton
(New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1885), p. 75.

388
“indulge her baby”:
Nicolay to Therena Bates, Nov. 9, 1862, Nicolay MSS, LC.

388
“temper over it”:
Nicolay to Therena Bates, Oct. 13,1862, Nicolay MSS, LC.

389
“the same notion”:
Livermore,
My Story of the War,
pp. 556–560.

389
“Mac’s ribs”:
Nicolay to John Hay, Oct. 26, 1862, Nicolay MSS, LC.

389
“the ‘Gorilla’”:
McClellan,
Civil War Papers,
p. 515.

389
“fatigue anything?”: CW,
5:474–479.

389
“dull to take hold”:
F. P. Blair, Sr., to Montgomery Blair, Nov. 7, 1862, Blair MSS, LC.

389
“inexpedient” to remove:
Chase to Hiram Barney, Oct. 26, 1862, Chase MSS.

390
advance at Antietam:
For McClellan’s criticism of Burnside’s performance at Antietam, see William Marvel,
Burnside
(Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1991), pp. 145–150.

390
ground for his own:
For the high degree of Republican unanimity on measures relating to the war, see David Donald, “Devils Facing Zionwards,” in Grady McWhiney, ed.,
Grant, Lee, Lincoln and the Radicals
(Evanston, III.: Northwestern University Press, 1964), 72–91. But for clearly visible Republican factionalism, which became more evident as the war dragged on, see Allan G. Bogue,
The Earnest Men: Republicans of the Civil War Senate
(Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1981), esp. chap. 3.

391
in a single morning:
C. Van Santvoord, “A Reception by President Lincoln,”
Century Magazine
25 (Feb. 1883): 612–614.

392
“occurrences of the day”:
Turner,
Mary Todd Lincoln,
p. 187.

392
Indians in American history:
Throughout this section I have relied heavily on David A. Nichols,
Lincoln and the Indians: Civil War Policy and Politics
(Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 1978), chaps. 6–8 and 13, and, except where otherwise indicated, all quotations are taken from this excellent monograph.
The Civil War in the American West
(New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1991), by Alvin M. Josephy, Jr., has also been very useful in helping me to understand the Sioux rebellion.