Lincoln (159 page)

448
“he was not”:
Welles,
Diary,
1:370.

448
“can conveniently handle”:
Sandburg, 2:368.

449
“of poor ‘Nanny’”: CW,
6:371–372.

449
“I do not”:
Chase,
Diary,
p. 192.

449
“are not mentioned”:
Bates,
Diary,
p. 302.

449
“known to all”:
Gideon Welles to My Dear Sir, Aug. 23, 1863, Welles MSS, HEH.

449
“end of the war”:
T. J. Barnett to Samuel L. M. Barlow, July 27, 1863, Barlow MSS, HEH.

449
“is no cavil”:
Hay,
Diary,
p. 76.

450
“glaringly unjust”: CW,
6:370.

450
called “a sockdolager”:
Hay,
Diary,
p. 78.

450
a test in the courts: CW,
6:369–370.

450
“not lose time”: CW,
6:391.

451
“the utmost fidelity”: CW,
6:444–449. I believe that the editors of
The Collected Works of Abraham Lincoln
erred in assigning the tentative date of September 14 to this manuscript, thinking that it was related to the proclamation of that date suspending the writ of habeas corpus. Lincoln’s argument deals less with habeas corpus than with the constitutionality and fairness of the conscription act. The date, August 15, 1863, tentatively assigned the document by Nicolay and Hay seems more plausible.

451
problems in Missouri:
Affairs in Missouri were so complex that only a brief summary can be attempted here. For a thoughtful modern account of Missouri problems, see William E. Gienapp, “Abraham Lincoln and the Border States,”
Journal of the Abraham Lincoln Association
13 (1992): 13–46. Michael Fellman,
Inside War: The Guerrilla Conflict in Missouri During the American Civil War
(New York: Oxford University Press, 1989), is a richly detailed study.

451
“for political influence”: CW,
6:36.

451
“his secret sympathies”: CW,
6:20, 33–34.

452
“by my authority”: CW,
7:86.

452
“a great deal more”: CW,
6:516.

452
“are set Zionwards”:
Hay,
Diary,
pp. 108, 135.

452
“so mean to do”: CW,
6:178.

453
“to your reason
”:
CW,
6:218.

453
“praised by the other”: CW,
6:234.

453
“of a polecat”:
Joseph Medill to AL, Oct. 3, 1863, Lincoln MSS, LC.

453
“make Missouri free”:
Browning,
Diary,
1:611–612.

453
“of immediate emancipation”: New York Herald,
June 12, 1863.

453
“vested interest therein”:
Hay,
Diary,
p. 73.

453
“pettifogging, piddling politician”:
William E. Parrish,
Turbulent Partnership: Missouri and the Union, 1861–1865
(Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 1963), p. 160.

453
“wagon or not”:
Nicolay and Hay, 8:214.

454
“what to forbear”: CW,
6:499–504.

454
“friends in Missouri”: Edward Bates to AL, Oct. 22, 1863, Lincoln MSS, LC.

454
“plowed round them”: Chicago Tribune,
Oct. 30, 1863.

454
“inspire the South”:
T. J. Barnett to Samuel L. M. Barlow, Sept. 14, 1863, Barlow MSS, HEH.

454
defeat of the Democrats:
William B. Hesseltine,
Lincoln and the War Governors
(New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1948), pp. 319–339, offers a full account of these elections.

455
“of President Lincoln”:
S. P. Chase to Jay Cooke, Sept. 4, 1863, Chase MSS.

455
“he was chosen”:
Welles,
Diary,
1:470.

455
“prosecution of this war”:
Nicolay and Hay, 7:378.

456
“their old bearings”:
Hay,
Diary,
p. 77.

456
the Davis government:
For details on these abortive negotiations, see Welles,
Diary,
1:358–363.

456
“commenced in Illinois”:
Conkling to AL, Aug. 21, 1863, Lincoln MSS, LC.

456
“it very slowly”: CW,
6:414.

457
“thanks to all”: CW,
6:406–410.

457
“with the greatest enthusiasm”:
James C. Conkling to AL, Sept. 4, 1863, Lincoln MSS, LC.

457
“an historic document”:
Wilson to AL, Sept. 3, 1863; Sumner to Lincoln, Sept. 7, 1863, Lincoln MSS, LC.

457
“honest Abraham Lincoln”: New York Times,
Sept. 7,1863.

457
“God bless Old Abe!”: Chicago Tribune,
Sept. 3, 1863.

457
“before it comes”:
Hay,
Diary,
p. 92.

457
“hit on the head”:
Ibid., p. 106.

458
“in five days”:
Chase,
Diary,
pp. 201–203.

458
“beyond all hopes”:
James W. Grimes to AL, Oct. 14, 1863; James M. Scovel to AL, Oct. 11, 1863; Salmon P. Chase to AL, Oct. 14, 1863, all in Lincoln MSS, LC.

458
“against the Democracy”:
W. H. Hurlbut to Samuel L. M. Barlow, Sept. 11, 1863, Barlow MSS, HEH.

458
“our wonderful majority”:
Israel Washburn to AL, Sept. 15, 1863, Lincoln MSS, LC.

459
“honesty, have won”: Chicago Tribune,
Nov. 3, 1863.

459
“numerous cousins”: CW
, 6:537.

459
“worthy of the occasion”: CW,
6:319–320.

460
“conditions of Peace”: Greeley to John G. Nicolay, June 14,1863, Lincoln MSS, LC.

460
“will be crushed”:
Forbes to AL, Sept. 8, 1863, Lincoln MSS, LC

460
“a few appropriate remarks”:
David Wills to AL, Nov. 2, 1863, Lincoln MSS, LC.

460
for this reason:
Frank L. Klement, “Ward H. Lamon and the Dedication of the Soldiers’ Cemetery at Gettysburg,”
Civil War History
31 (Dec. 1985): 293–308.

460
on November 19:
Of the many studies of the Gettysburg Address, Wills,
Lincoln at Gettysburg,
is by far the best; it largely supersedes William E. Barton,
Lincoln at Gettysburg
(Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill Co., 1930). Louis A. Warren,
Lincoln’s Gettysburg Declaration: “A New Birth of Freedom”
(Fort Wayne, Ind.: Lincoln National Life Foundation, 1964), contains much valuable information. Also useful is F. Lauriston Bullard,
“A Few Appropriate Remarks”: Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address
(Harrogate, Tenn.: Lincoln Memorial University, 1944). Philip B. Kunhardt, Jr.,
A New Birth of Freedom: Lincoln at Gettysburg
(Boston: Little, Brown & Co., 1983), is an excellent pictorial history.

461
“here be dedicated”:
David C. Mearns and Lloyd A. Dunlap, eds.,
Long Remembered: Facsimiles of the Five Versions of the Gettysburg Address in the Handwriting of Abraham Lincoln
(Washington, D.C.: Library of Congress, 1963), reproduces all the known copies in Lincoln’s own hand. Except where otherwise identified, all quotations in the following pages are taken from what is known as the Bliss copy, which represents Lincoln’s final revision of the address.

461
half of his address:
John G. Nicolay, “Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address,”
Century Magazine
47 (Feb. 1894): 597.

461
write it all out:
There has been an immense amount of inconsequential controversy over just when and where Lincoln wrote the Gettysburg Address—at the White House, on the train going to the ceremonies, on the night before the dedication at Wills’s house, on the morning of the ceremony. Compare the interminable and inconclusive discussions of this topic with the almost total neglect of significant questions like why Lincoln accepted this invitation and what he hoped to accomplish with his speech.

461
“all the people”:
Barton,
Lincoln at Gettysburg,
pp. 132, 135. Wills,
Lincoln at Gettysburg,
pp. 105–120, shows similarities between Parker and Lincoln, not just in words but in ideas—especially in ideas about the Declaration of Independence.

461
an hourglass form:
James Hurt, “All the Living and the Dead: Lincoln’s Imagery,”
American Literature
52 (Nov. 1980): 351–380, offers an insightful analysis of the form and imagery of the Gettysburg Address.

461
Everett would say:
Noah Brooks’s recollection
(Washington in Lincoln’s Time
[New York: Century Co., 1895], p. 285) that Lincoln had advance proofs of Everett’s speech on November 15 is unreliable. Everett’s address was not set in type until the late afternoon of November 14, and it would have been impossible for the President to have a copy the next day. David C. Mearns, “Unknown at This Address,” in Allan Nevins, ed.,
Lincoln and the Gettysburg Address
(Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1964), pp. 122–124.

462
used five times:
James M. McPherson,
Abraham Lincoln and the Second American Revolution
(New York: Oxford University Press, 1990), p. viii.

462
“obstetric analogies”: New York World,
Nov. 27, 1863.

462
power of the Declaration:
Wills,
Lincoln at Gettysburg,
has most ably made this point.