Lincoln (160 page)

462
272 words:
The word count of the Gettysburg Address depends on which of Lincoln’s autograph versions is used, whether hyphenated words are counted as one or two, and whether the title, the date, and, in some cases, Lincoln’s signature are counted. The present count is from the Bliss copy.

463
“bury the dead”: James G. Smart, ed.,
A Radical View: The “Agate” Dispatches of Whitelaw Reid
(Memphis: Memphis State University Press, 1976), 2:151–152. The witticism was also credited to Thaddeus Stevens.

463
black manservant: CW,
10:210–211.

463
“beauty and goodness”:
Allen Thorndike Rice, ed.,
Reminiscences of Abraham Lincoln
(New York: North American Review, 1888), p. 511.

463
“nothing at all”: CW,
7:17.

463
of Lincoln’s “pasquinades”:
J. W. Schulte Nordholt, “The Civil War Letters of the Dutch Ambassador,”
JISHS
54 (Winter 1961): 366–367.

463
“the human race”:
George E. Baker, ed.,
The Works of William H. Seward
(Boston: Houghton, Mifflin & Co., 1884), 5:490.

463
morning of the nineteenth:
Frank L. Klement, “‘These Honored Dead’: David Wills and the Soldiers’ Cemetery at Gettysburg,”
LH
74 (Fall 1972): 123–135, offers an excellent, detailed account of the dedication ceremonies.

464
“was an oration”:
Hay,
Diary,
p. 121.

464
“as happens generally”:
Edward Everett, Diary, Nov. 19,1863, Everett MSS, Massachusetts Historical Society.

464
“his masterly effort”:
Benjamin Brown French,
Witness to the Young Republic,
ed. Donald B. Cole and John J. McDonough (Hanover, N.H.: University Press of New England, 1989), p. 435.

465
interrupted by applause:
For a collection of twenty-nine diverse and contradictory firsthand accounts, see Barton,
Lincoln at Gettysburg,
chap. 21. There has been an enormous amount of pen-swinging on these subjects, none of which has the slightest historical significance.

465
“speech won’t
scour!”: Ward Hill Lamon,
Recollections of Abraham Lincoln, 1847–1865,
ed. Dorothy Lamon Teillard (Washington, D.C.: 1911), p. 173. Lamon’s detailed account of the Gettysburg ceremonies (pp. 169–179) is highly unreliable, but the quoted sentence does sound like Lincoln.

465
“as was ever spoken”:
For newspaper reactions, see Barton,
Lincoln at Gettysburg,
chap. 16;
LL,
no. 1284 (Nov. 16,1953); Warren,
Lincoln’s Gettysburg Declaration,
pp. 145–146.

465
“known as the Constitution”: New York World,
Nov. 27, 1863.

466
“‘are created equal’”:
Herbert Mitgang, ed.,
Abraham Lincoln: A Press Portrait
(Chicago: Quadrangle Books, 1971), pp. 359–361.

The best account of Lincoln’s reconstruction policy is Herman Belz’s
Reconstructing the Union
(Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1969), but there is good material in two older studies: Charles H. McCarthy’s
Lincoln’s Plan of Reconstruction
(New York: McClure, Phillips & Co., 1901), and William B. Hesseltine,
Lincoln’s Plan of Reconstruction
(Tuscaloosa, Ala.: Confederate Publishing Co., 1960). On Lincoln’s campaign for renomination, I have relied heavily on William Frank Zornow,
Lincoln and the Party Divided
(Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1954). Excellent, but sometimes conflicting, accounts of reconstruction in Louisiana are Peyton McCrary,
Abraham Lincoln and Reconstruction: The Louisiana Experiment
(Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1978); LaWanda Cox,
Lincoln and Black Freedom: A Study in Presidential Leadership
(Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 1981); and Ted Tunnell,
Crucible of Reconstruction: War, Radicalism and Race in Louisiana, 1862–1867
(Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1984).

467
“practical statesmanship”:
Hay,
Diary,
p. 73.

468
“vast absorbent powers”:
Ibid., p. 134.

468
“be carried out on a chip”:
John G. Nicolay, Diary, Dec. 6, 1863. Nicolay MSS, LC.

468
“not trustworthy”:
Welles,
Diary,
1:481.

469
“government in the war”: CW,
6:555.

469
Radicals and Conservatives:
Hay,
Diary,
pp. 123–124, 131.

470
“whites, and freedmen”:
Charles Sumner,
Works
(Boston: Lee & Shepard, 1880), 7:493–546, esp. 541.

470
“policy of the President”:
Montgomery Blair,
Speech... on the Revolutionary Schemes of the Ultra Abolitionists (Oct. 3, 1863).

470
“feel the public pulse”:
T. J. Barnett to S. L. M. Barlow, Oct. 6, 1863, Barlow MSS, HEH.

470
“Sumner’s heresies”:
James Dixon to Montgomery Blair, Oct. 7, 1863, Lincoln MSS, LC.

470
“a Copperhead orator”:
Thaddeus Stevens to S. P. Chase, Oct. 8, 1863, Chase MSS.

471
“the loyal minority”:
Hay,
Diary,
pp. 112–113.

471
“a new life”: CW
, 7:40.

471
“retreated from it”: Chicago Tribune,
Jan. 17, 1864; Christopher N. Breiseth, “Lincoln and Frederick Douglass,”
JISHS
68 (Feb. 1975): 9–26; Dorothy Wickenden, “Lincoln and Douglass: Dismantling the Peculiar Institution,”
Wilson Quarterly
14 (Autumn 1990): 102–112.

471
“as to slaves”: CW,
7:53–56.

472
“in any other way”: CW,
7:50–52.

472
“revolutionary struggle”: CW,
5:49.

472
“we are now passing”: CW,
6:411.

472
something for everybody:
Belz,
Reconstructing the Union,
pp. 155–165, offers an able analysis of the message.

473
“the Supreme Court”: CW,
7:54, 56.

473
“factions of the Republican party”: New York World,
Dec. 11, 1863.

473
“millennium had come”:
Hay,
Diary,
pp. 131–132.

473
“his country’s shame”:
Jonathan T. Dorris,
Pardon and Amnesty Under Lincoln and Johnson
(Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1953), p. 43.

474
“of Senator Sumner”: New York Tribune,
Dec. 10,1863;
New York Herald,
Dec. 11,1863.

474
“territorial project”:
John Hay, Diary, Dec. 10,1863, photostat, Massachusetts Historical Society; Virginia Jeans Laas, ed.,
Wartime Washington: The Civil War Letters of Elizabeth Blair Lee
(Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1991), p. 325.

474
“at the right time”:
E. Delafield Smith to AL, Dec. 10,1863; Thad S. Seybold to AL, Dec. 10,1863; R. H. McCurdy to AL, Dec. 10, 1863; William Dennison to AL, Dec. 10,1863—all in Lincoln MSS, LC.

474
“[Republican] convention meets”: Chicago Tribune,
Dec. 14, 1863; Medill to Joseph K. C. Forrest, Dec. 17, 1863, Lincoln MSS, LC.

474
“anything about it”:
Hay,
Diary,
p. 112.

474
“schooled to the task”: CW,
8:326.

475
“decline, if tendered”: CW,
6:540.

475
“desire
—
of course”:
George T. Brown to Lyman Trumbull, Nov. 12, 1863, Trumbull MSS, LC.

475
“in the matter”:
Katherine Helm,
The True Story of Mary, Wife of Lincoln
(New York: Harper & Brothers, 1928), pp. 230–231.

475
“I can’t give him!”: Chicago Tribune,
Jan. 9, 1864; San Francisco
Daily Alta California,
Jan. 3, 1864; Agnes Macdonnell, “America Then and Now: Recollections of Lincoln,”
Contemporary Review
3 (1917): 567–568; William A. Croffut, “Lincoln’s Washington,”
Atlantic Monthly
145 (Jan. 1930): 63.

476
“devil of stubbornness”:
Helen Nicolay,
Lincoln’s Secretary
(New York: Longmans, Green & Co., 1949), pp. 191–192.

476
“my other friends
”: Donald,
Sumner,
pp. 167–169.

476
“shielded the rebels”: Reasons Against the Re-Nomination of Abraham Lincoln. Adopted February 15, 1864, by a Republican Meeting at Davenport, Iowa,
pamphlet, HEH.

477
“of the nation”:
Arthur C. Cole, “President Lincoln and the Illinois Radical Republicans,”
Mississippi Valley Historical Review
4 (Mar. 1918): 432.

477
“friend to you”:
Zornow, p. 19.

478
“reelection of Mr. Lincoln”:
Hay,
Diary,
p. 99.

478
“affections of the masses”: Chicago Tribune,
Dec. 30, 1863.

478
“should you desire it”:
Albert Smith to AL, Dec. 12, 1863, Lincoln MSS, LC.

478
“to the Presidential chair”:
James Clay Rice to Henry Wilson, Nov. 11, 1863, Lincoln MSS, LC.

478
“[Republican]National Convention”:
George Bergner to AL, Jan. 14, 1864, Lincoln MSS, LC

478
“a ratification meeting”:
Zornow, p. 46.

478
“to its purpose”:
Hay,
Diary,
p. 152. John Niven,
Salmon P. Chase: A Biography
(New York: Oxford University Press, 1995), is a richly detailed life. Donnal V. Smith,
Chase and Civil War Politics
(Columbus, Ohio: F. J. Heer Printing Co, 1931), is indispensable.