Lincoln (168 page)

568
“next four years”:
Elizabeth Keckley,
Behind the Scenes
(Buffalo: Stansil & Lee, 1931), p. 155.

569
of theatrical entertainment:
On Lincoln and the theater, see David C. Mearns, “Act Well Your Part,” in his
Largely Lincoln
(New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1961), pp. 114–149.

569
enjoyed them all:
The following pages draw heavily on R. Gerald McMurtry, “Lincoln Knew Shakespeare,”
Indiana Magazine of History
31 (Dec. 1935): 265–277.

569
understand their anxieties:
For perceptive commentary on Lincoln’s interest in Shakespeare, see James A. Stevenson, “Abraham Lincoln’s Affinity for
Macbeth,” Midwest Quarterly
31 (Winter 1990): 270–279; Charles B. Strozier,
Lincoln’s Quest for Union: Public and Private Meanings
(New York: Basic Books, 1982), pp. 228–231; and Fehrenbacher,
Lincoln in Text and Context,
pp. 157–163.

569
“smells to heaven”:
Carpenter,
Six Months,
pp. 49–50.

569
“It is wonderful”: CW,
6:392. The reference to
Henry VIII,
which today is rarely performed or read, may seem puzzling, but the play was highly esteemed in the nineteenth century.

569
“used to it”: CW,
6:558–559.

569
and the opera:
The definitive treatment is Bernard,
Lincoln and the Music of the Civil War,
esp. chap. 16.

570
“to finish it”:
James Grant Wilson, “Recollections of Lincoln,”
Putnam’s Magazine
5 (Feb. 1909): 528–529; and 5 (Mar. 1909): 673.

570
“roving and travelling”:
WHH, interview with Mary Lincoln, Sept. 5, 1866, HWC.

570
comfortably provided for:
For Lincoln’s savings during the presidency, see Pratt,
Personal
Finances,
chap. 8.

571
now in the army:
On Robert’s enlistment and military service, see John S. Goff,
Robert Todd
Lincoln: A Man in His Own Right
(Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1969), pp. 60–66.

571
“and a few others”: CW,
8:367.

571
“of the crew”:
Pfanz,
The Petersburg Campaign,
p. 4. In Horace Porter,
Campaigning with Grant
(Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1961), chaps. 26–27 offer a full account of the Lincolns’ visit.

572
“fatigued appearance”:
John W. Grattan, “Under the Blue Pennant, or Notes of a Naval Officer,” p. 219, Grattan MSS, LC.

572
“him very much”:
Randall,
Mary Lincoln,
p. 371.

572
“head of affairs”:
George R. Agassiz, ed.,
Meade’s Headquarters, 1863–1865: Letters of Colonel Theodore Lyman
(Boston: Atlantic Monthly Press, 1922), pp. 324–325.

573
“following up the President”:
For a sensational account of this episode—the only time in her years in Washington that Mary Lincoln lost control of herself—see Adam Badeau,
Grant in Peace: From Appomattox to Mount McGregor
(Hartford: S. S. Scranton & Co., 1887), pp. 358–360. For a more balanced account, see Randall,
Mary Lincoln,
pp. 372–374.

573
“many bloody battles”:
David D. Porter’s statement in Segal,
Conversations,
382–384. Cf. William T. Sherman,
Memoirs
(New York: D. Appleton & Co., 1875), 2:326–328.

573
“conferences or conventions”: CW,
8:330–331. Though this letter is signed by Stanton, it is in Lincoln’s handwriting.

574
“lawlessness and anarchy”:
Alexander K. McClure,
Recollections of Half a Century
(Salem, Mass.: Salem Press Co., 1902), p. 296.

574
“to their homes”:
Sherman’s statement in Isaac N. Arnold,
The Life of Abraham Lincoln
(Chicago: Jansen, McClurg, & Co., 1885), p. 423n.

574
“to the laws”:
David D. Porter’s statement in Segal,
Conversations,
p. 382.

Donald C. Pfanz,
The Petersburg Campaign: Abraham Lincoln at City Point
(Lynchburg, Va.: H. E. Howard, 1989), gives a full account of Lincoln’s visit to Richmond. William Hanchett,
The Lincoln Murder Conspiracies
(Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1983), is an excellent guide to the huge literature on the conspiracy to abduct and murder Lincoln. George S. Bryan,
The Great American Myth
(New York: Carrick & Evans, 1940), remains the best account of the conspiracy.
Come Retribution: The Confederate Secret Service and the Assassination of Lincoln,
by William A. Tidwell, James O. Hall, and David Winfred Gaddy (Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 1988), is an important study that comes close to linking the Confederate government to Booth’s plot. Albert Furtwangler,
Assassin on Stage: Brutus, Hamlet, and the Death of Lincoln
(Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1991), is a brilliant reinterpretation of the assassination in terms of the theatrical tradition of tyrannicide. Much useful information is contained in Otto Eisenschiml,
Why Was Lincoln Murdered?
(Boston: Little, Brown & Co., 1937), and in Theodore Roscoe,
The Web of Conspiracy: The Complete Story of the Men Who Murdered Abraham Lincoln
(Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1959), but
both are marred by attempts to link Stanton to the assassination. For a devastating critique of this discredited interpretation, see William Hanchett, “The Eisenschiml Thesis,”
Civil War History
25 (Sept. 1979): 197–217.
In Pursuit of...: Continuing Research in the Field of the Lincoln Assassination
(Surratt Society, 1990), provides many fascinating details on the plot and the assassins. W. Emerson Reck,
A. Lincoln: His Last 24 Hours
(Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland & Co., 1987), is a very full and complete account.

Several excellent books deal with topics related to the assassination that are outside the scope of this biography. Dorothy Meserve Kunhardt and Philip B. Kunhardt, Jr.,
Twenty Days
(New York: Harper & Row, 1965), is a fascinating pictorial history mostly concerned with the aftermath of the assassination. Thomas Reed Turner,
Beware the People Weeping: Public Opinion and the Assassination of Abraham Lincoln
(Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1982), is an excellent account by a professional historian. Roy Z. Chamlee, Jr.,
Lincoln’s Assassination: A Complete Account of Their Capture, Trial, and Punishment
(Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland & Co., 1990), deals largely with the fate of the conspirators.

575
feat but failed:
Carpenter,
Six Months,
pp. 288–289.

576
“the rebel army”:
E. M. Stanton to AL, Apr. 3, 1865, Lincoln MSS, LC.

576
“care of myself”: CW,
8:385.

576
“to be humble”:
David D. Porter,
Incidents and Anecdotes of the Civil War
(New York: D. Appleton & Co., 1885), pp. 294–295.

576
“will hereafter enjoy”:
Pfanz,
The Petersburg Campaign,
pp. 60–61.

576
“Father Abrahams Come”:
John Henry Woodward, “A Narrative of the Family and Civil War Experiences and Events of His Life” (typescript, 1919[?], LC), pp. 37–39. Woodward made an ill-conceived and demeaning attempt to recapture African-American dialect; I have substituted standard English.

577
forces occupying Richmond:
“Lincoln’s Visit to Richmond, Apr. 4,1865,”
Moorsfield Antiquarian
1 (May 1937): 27–29; George T. Dudley, “Lincoln in Richmond,”
Washington National Tribune,
Oct. 1, 1896.

577
“me any harm”:
This account of Lincoln’s stay in Richmond is drawn chiefly from Pfanz,
The
Petersburg Campaign,
pp. 60–69.

577
“magnanimity and kindness”: Southern Historical Society Papers,
new ser., 4 (Oct. 1917): 68.

578
“preservation of order”:
John A. Campbell,
Reminiscences and Documents Relating to the Civil
War During the Year 1865
(Baltimore: John Murphy & Co., 1887), p. 39.

578
the next morning:
Campbell’s accounts of this conference, ibid., pp. 39–42, and in
Southern
Historical Society Papers,
new ser., 4 (Oct. 1917): 68–70; Myers’s account is reprinted in Segal,
Conversations,
pp. 388–390.

578
confiscated Confederate property: CW,
8:386–387.

579
“the existing government”:
Herman Belz,
Reconstructing the Union: Theory and Policy During the Civil War
(Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1969), p. 297.

579
during a transitional period:
Sherman understood the President to say “that to avoid anarchy the State governments then in existence, with their civil functionaries, would be recognized by him as the government
de facto
till Congress would provide others.” William T. Sherman,
Memoirs
(New York: D. Appleton & Co., 1875), 2:327. On the basis of this understanding he made recognition of Governor Zebulon Vance’s Confederate government of North Carolina part of the surrender terms that he offered Joseph E. Johnston on April 18. By this time Lincoln was dead, and Stanton and others in the government at Washington repudiated Sherman’s agreement. Raoul S. Naroll, “Lincoln and the Sherman Peace Fiasco—Another Fable?”
Journal of Southern History
20 (Nov. 1954): 459–483, convincingly argues that Sherman exceeded his instructions, yet it seems evident that Lincoln must have discussed, even if he did not endorse, recognition of Confederate state authorities at this City Point meeting.

579
“somewhat farcical”: CW,
7:487.

579
“the Confederate army”:
Campbell,
Reminiscences,
pp. 41–42.

579
“shortest possible time”:
Nicolay and Hay, 10:222.

579
“to the General government”: CW,
8:389.