Lincoln (169 page)

579
“opposition to the government”: CW,
8:388.

580 “thing
be pressed”: CW,
8:392.

580
“hear it again”:
Adolphe de Chambrun,
Impressions of Lincoln and the Civil War: A Foreigner’s
Account
(New York: Random House, 1952), p. 82.

580
“touch him further”: Macbeth,
act 2, scene 2.

580
“the same scene”.
Adolphe de Chambrun, “Personal Recollections of Mr. Lincoln,’
Scribner’s
Magazine
13 (1893): 35.

581
left the room:
Frederick W. Seward,
Reminiscences of a War-Time Statesman and Diplomat,
1830–1915
(New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1916), p. 253.

581
“all, all jubilant”:
Welles,
Diary,
2:278.

581
“forth into singing”:
Turner,
Mary Todd Lincoln,
p. 216.

581
“we fairly captured it”: CW,
8:393.

582
for “another”:
Wayne C. Temple and Justin G. Turner, “Lincoln’s ‘Castine’: Noah Brooks,’
LH
73 (Fall 1971): 173; Noah Brooks,
Washington in Lincoln’s Time
(New York: Century Co., 1895), pp. 252–255.

582
“gladness of heart”:
Unless otherwise identified, all quotations in the following paragraphs are from
CW,
8:399–405.

582
“against all opposition”:
Chambrun,
Impressions of Lincoln,
p. 93.

583
as if herding sheep:
Gideon Welles, “Lincoln and Johnson,”
Galaxy
13 (Apr. 1872): 526.

583
“‘unbeknown’ to him”:
Sherman,
Memoirs,
2:326–327.

583
and economic equality:
Historians who argue that Lincoln favored universal suffrage often cite a letter that he purportedly wrote to James S. Wadsworth in January 1864, announcing that he supported both universal amnesty and universal suffrage and pledging that reconstruction “must rest upon the principle of civil and political equality of both races.”
CW,
7:101–102. Ludwell H. Johnston, “Lincoln and Equal Rights: The Authenticity of the Wadsworth Letter,”
Journal of Southern History
32 (Feb. 1966): 83–87, convincingly demonstrates that this letter is spurious. Harold M. Hyman, “Lincoln and Equal Rights for Negroes: The Irrelevancy of the ‘Wadsworth Letter,’ ”
Civil War History
12 (Sept. 1966): 258–266, argues that, regardless of the authenticity of the Wadsworth letter, Lincoln was moving in the direction of equal rights. Ludwell H. Johnson, “Lincoln and Equal Rights: A Reply,”
Civil War History
13 (Mar. 1967): 66–73, responds that Hyman’s argument is “sheer conjecture.”

583
American social fabric:
Benjamin F. Butler’s reminiscence that Lincoln as late as 1865 continued to favor colonization of Negroes, especially those who had fought in the Union army, has been discredited. See Mark E. Neely, Jr., “Abraham Lincoln and Black Colonization: Benjamin Butlers Spurious Testimony,”
Civil War History
25 (Mar. 1979): 77–83.

583
blacks and whites:
Lincoln’s limited concern for the rights of African-Americans led Lerone Bennett, Jr., to label him a racist. “Was Abe Lincoln a White Supremacist?”
Ebony
23 (Feb. 1968): 35–42. For more balanced discussions, see George M. Fredrickson, “A Man but Not a Brother: Abraham Lincoln and Racial Equality,”
Journal of Southern History
41 (Feb. 1975): 39–58, and Don E. Fehrenbacher, “Only His Stepchildren,” in
Lincoln in Text and Context
(Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 1987), pp. 95–112.

584
to other states:
Michael Les Benedict,
A Compromise of Principle: Congressional Republicans and Reconstruction, 1863–1869
(New York: W. W. Norton & Co., 1974), pp. 98–99, first suggested this conclusion to me.

584
“strive to prevent”:
Welles,
Diary,
2:279–280.

584
“through the swamp”:
Paul M. Angle, ed., “The Recollections of William Pitt Kellogg,”
ALQ
3 (Sept. 1945): 333.

584
so used again:
Donald,
Sumner,
p. 215.

584
“rights of citizenship”: New York Times,
Apr. 11, 1865.

584
“regard to complexion”:
S. P. Chase to AL, Apr. 11, 1865, Lincoln MSS, LC.

585
John Wilkes Booth:
Francis Wilson,
John Wilkes Booth: Fact and Fiction of Lincoln’s Assassination
(Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1929), is still the best biography. There are insightful portraits of Booth in Robert J. Donovan,
The Assassins
(New York: Harper & Brothers, 1955), chaps. 9–10, and in Franklin L. Ford,
Political Murder: From Tyrannicide to Terrorism
(Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1985), chap. 15. Stanley Kimmel,
The Mad Booths of Maryland (rev.
ed.; New York: Dover Publications, 1969), offers much biographical information on John Wilkes Booth and his family, though it exaggerates the theme of madness. Eleanor Ruggles,
Prince of Players: Edwin Booth
(New York: W. W. Norton & Co., 1953), is the standard biography of John Wilkes Booth’s older brother.

585
“touch of mystery”:
Donovan,
The Assassins,
p. 231.

586
and his joyousness:
W. J. Ferguson,
I Saw Booth Shoot Lincoln
(Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1930), p. 13.

586
“for the black man”:
Wilson,
John Wilkes Booth,
p. 51.

586
“wait no longer”:
Untitled Booth manuscript, Dec. 1860, in Robert Giroux, “The J.W.B. Manuscript, Or, The Mind of the Man Who Shot Lincoln” (unpublished paper, 1992).

586
“are for the South”:
Furtwangler,
Assassin on Stage,
p. 62.

586
“and bought armies”:
Ibid., p. 66.

586
“for kingly succession”:
Ibid., p. 67.

586
Confederate secret service:
Tidwell, Hall, and Gaddy’s
Come Retribution: The Confederate Secret
Service and the Assassination of Lincoln
convincingly demonstrates that Booth was in touch with Confederate agents, both in the United States and Canada, and that his plan to kidnap Lincoln was strikingly similar to other schemes that the Confederate secret service had under consideration. It does not prove—and, indeed, it does not attempt to prove—that Booth was a Confederate agent or that his plots to kidnap, and later to kill, Lincoln were authorized by the Confederacy.

587
team in Washington:
For sketches of all the members of the plot, see Theodore Roscoe,
The
Web of Conspiracy: The Complete Story of the Men Who Murdered Abraham Lincoln
(Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1959), chap. 3.

588
“at present”:
Wilson,
John Wilkes Booth,
pp. 50–54; Tidwell,
Come Retribution,
p. 405.

588
if he wished:
Benn Pitman,
The Assassination of President Lincoln and the Trial of the Conspirators
(facsimile ed.; New York: Funk & Wagnalls, 1954), pp. 44–45.

588
to the tyrant:
Furtwangler,
Assassin on Stage,
argues that the theatrical tradition of tyrannicide helped shape Booth’s actions.

588
“will ever make”:
William Hanchett,
The Lincoln Murder Conspiracies
(Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1983), p. 37.

589
activities largely irrelevant:
For a defense of Campbell, see Henry G. Connor,
John Archibald
Campbell: Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court, 1853–1861
(Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1920), chap. 7.

589
“the reconstructed states”:
R. F. Fuller to Sumner, Apr. 13,1865, Sumner MSS, Houghton Library, Harvard University.

589
“Alas!” he grieved:
Donald,
Sumner,
p. 215.

590
“not sustain him”:
Frank Abial Flower,
Edwin McMasters Stanton: The Autocrat of Rebellion,
Emancipation, and Reconstruction
(New York: Western W. Wilson, 1905), pp. 271–272.

590
“governments as legal”:
Welles, “Lincoln and Johnson,”
Galaxy
13 (Apr. 1872): 524.

590
“government of Virginia”:
Charles H. Ambler,
Francis H. Pierpont: Union War Governor of
Virginia and Father of West Virginia
(Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1937), p. 256.

590
“if he had”:
Welles,
Diary,
2:280.

590
of his orders:
One authority asserts flatly: “Thus Lincoln broke faith with the Virginians.” William M. Robinson, Jr.,
Justice in Grey: A History of the Judicial System of the Confederate States of America
(Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1941), p. 593. For a more balanced view, which faults Lincoln for not initially making his intentions clear, see Randall,
Lincoln the President,
4:355–359.

590
“to their homes”: CW,
8:406–407.

590
in better spirits:
Chase,
Diary,
p. 268.

591
“ever seen him”:
Moorfield Storey, “Dickens, Stanton, Sumner, and Storey,”
Atlantic Monthly
145 (Apr. 1930): 464.

591
“of the inhabitants”:
Seward,
Reminiscences of a War-Time Statesman,
pp. 256–257.

591
“before the war”: CW,
8:410.