Madison's Music (40 page)

deck-chair theory, of First Amendment,
194–96

Declaration of Independence,
202
,
207

democracy

     
Bill of Rights and,
2
,
43

     
Brennan and,
40–42

     
Bush v. Gore
and,
69–75

     
campaign finance for,
148–49

     
censorship in,
9

     
in Constitution,
75

     
as dysfunctional,
69–75

     
egalitarian,
29

     
in England,
35

     
equality and,
40–42

     
First Amendment and,
2
,
11
,
17–96

     
Free Exercise Clause and,
135

     
Free Speech Clause and,
20

     
freedom and,
2

     
freedom of association and,
87

     
judges and,
2

     
natural law and,
32

     
single-tier,
91–96

     
Supreme Court and,
22
,
40–42

     
three-tiers of,
35–40

Democratic Party

     
gerrymandering by,
53–54

     
primary elections and,
56–61

     
Supreme Court and,
10
,
109–10
,
114–15
,
182

     
voters for,
21

Dennis v. United States
,
233n24

deregulation

     
First Amendment and,
10–12
,
109–16

     
Free Speech Clause and,
109–16

District of Columbia

     
Congress and,
168

     
Marbury v. Madison
and,
168–69

     
Twenty-Third Amendment and,
43

     
voting in,
43

District of Columbia Organic Act,
156

double-jeopardy,
204
,
211
,
212

Douglas, William O.,
191
,
192

     
draft card burning and,
194

     
Ninth Amendment and,
32

draft card burning

     
as communicative conduct,
64–65
,
123
,
193–94

     
Supreme Court and,
64–65
,
111

Dred Scott v. Sandford
,
90
,
175
,
181
,
186

     
originalism and,
176

Duane, William,
185

Due Process Clause

     
corporations and,
71

     
of Fifth Amendment,
15
,
27
,
175

     
of Fourteenth Amendment,
31
,
71
,
77–78
,
205

     
gender equity and,
78

Dworkin, Ronald,
179

egalitarian democracy, Breyer and,
29

1812 Overture
(Tchaikovsky),
139

Eighteenth Amendment,
44

eighteen-year-olds voting, Twenty-Sixth Amendment and,
36

Eighth Amendment,
227n2

     
“cruel and unusual punishment” in,
25
,
27
,
175

Eisenhower, Dwight,
183

Electoral College.
See also
Marbury v. Madison

     
Georgia and,
237–38n9

     
Hayes and,
189

electoral districts.
See also
gerrymandering

     
for incumbents,
22

     
in Louisiana,
78

     
in North Carolina,
51
,
84

     
“one person, one vote” principle and,
53–54

     
for racial minorities,
21

     
Supreme Court and,
22
,
36

     
voting turnout and,
47

Eleventh Amendment,
44

Ellery, Christopher,
158
,
239n14

Ellsworth, Oliver,
155
,
238n10

Emancipation Proclamation,
186

England

     
democracy in,
35

     
“equity of the statute” in,
30

     
free speech in,
105

     
inclusio unis est exclusio alterium
in,
29–30

     
judicial review in,
180–81
,
240n34

     
Petition Clause and,
90

     
religious wars in,
24

     
universal suffrage in,
35

Enlightenment,
207

Equal Protection Clause

     
Bush v. Gore
and,
69

     
corporations and,
71

     
Florida and,
49–50

     
of Fourteenth Amendment,
41
,
47–50
,
54
,
69
,
71
,
78
,
230n4

     
gerrymandering and,
54

equality

     
Article IV and,
199

     
Brennan and,
230–31n17

     
democracy and,
40–42

     
Fourteenth Amendment and,
44

     
gerrymandering and,
84

     
Jefferson and,
153

equality test.
See
“one person, one vote” principle

“equity of the statute,”
30
,
229–30n25

Escher, M.C.,
75

Establishment Clause

     
of First Amendment,
18
,
76
,
98
,
132
,
141
,
142
,
144–47

     
Free Speech Clause and,
143–44

     
Supreme Court and,
142
,
144–47

evidence wrongfully obtained, Fourth Amendment and,
26

Exceptions and Regulations Clause, in
Marbury v. Madison
,
170
,
188

exclusionary rule, Fourth Amendment and,
26
,
123

fair political representation

     
Constitution and,
43

     
First Amendment and,
14
,
52

false advertising,
8

false speech,
104

fearmongering, by aristocratic speakers,
105

federalism

     
Article VI and,
205–6

     
Committee of Eleven and,
221

     
in Constitution,
75

     
Tenth Amendment and,
33

Federalists,
237n2
.
See also
Marbury v. Madison

     
Constitution and,
200–201

felons.
See also
convicted felons

     
for draft card burning,
193–94

fetus's right to life,
32

Fifteenth Amendment

     
racial minorities and,
45

     
vote for races and,
35

Fifth Amendment,
25
,
26–27
,
205
,
227n2

     
Committee of Eleven and,
212–13

     
Due Process Clause of,
15
,
27
,
175

     
Grand Jury Clause in,
15
,
215

     
private property protections in,
31–32

     
proof beyond a reasonable doubt and,
30

     
property rights in,
31–32
,
176

     
slavery and,
176

     
Takings Clause of,
15

     
undercover agents in Muslim institutions and,
28

filibuster,
90–91

First Amendment

     
abstractions in,
5–6

     
in action,
76–96

     
antislavery and,
31

     
aristocratic speakers and,
99–100
,
105
,
116–18

     
Article I and,
204–5

     
aspirations and,
10–12
,
109–16

     
bad tendency doctrine and,
111

     
Brandeis and,
8–9

     
campaign finance and,
66
,
67
,
79–82

     
censorship and,
185

     
Cold War and,
192–93

     
Committee of Eleven and,
210–12

     
compelling interest and,
112

     
conduits and,
103–4
,
125–26

     
Congress in,
5

     
conscience and,
18–19
,
133

     
cost-benefit analysis for,
124

     
deck-chair theory of,
194–96

     
democracy and,
2
,
11
,
17–96

     
deregulation and,
10–12
,
109–16

     
difficulty in reading,
5–12

     
Establishment Clause of,
18
,
76
,
98
,
132
,
141
,
142
,
144–47

     
fair political representation and,
14
,
52

     
flag burning and,
11
,
99
,
113

     
flag saluting and,
134
,
191

     
forty-five words in,
1