Modern Times: The World From the Twenties to the Nineties (168 page)

13 Foreign Office Memo 21 March 1944, ‘Essentials of an American Policy’.

14 The minute is in the Inverchapel Papers in the PRO; see Carlton, op. cit., 244; Churchill,
Second
World War
,
vi 196–7
.

15 Diary of Sir Pierson Dixon, 4 December 1944, quoted in Carlton, op. cit., 248–9; Churchill,
Second World War
,
vi 252
.

16 Quoted Carlton, op. cit., 248.

17 Averell Harriman and Elie Abel,
Special Envoy to Churchill and Stalin 1941–1946
(New York
1975), 390.

18
Churchill
,
Second World War
,
vi
337.

19 William D.Leahy, I
Was There
(New York 1950), 315–16.

20 Anderson, op. cit., 47.

21 Ibid., 50.

22 Viscount Montgomery,
Memoirs
(New York 1958), 296–7.

23 Harry S.Truman,
Memoirs, 2
vols (New York 1955–6), I 81–2.

24
Omar Bradley
,
A Soldier’s Story
(New York 1951), 535–6; Forrest
Pogue
,
George C. Marshall: Organizer of Victory
(New York
1973), 573–4.

25 Thomas Campbell and George
Herring
,
The Diaries of Edward R.Stettinius Jr, 1943–1946
(New
York 1975), 177–8.

26 Anderson, op. cit., 69.

27 Moran, op. cit., 305.

28 Victor Rothwell,
Britain and the
Cold War 1941–1947
(London
1982).

29
Forrestal Diaries
(New York
1951), 38–40, 57.

30 Z.Stypulkowski,
Invitation to Moscow
(London 1951).

31 Anderson, op. cit., 75–6.

32 Patricia Dawson Ward,
The Threat
of Peace: James F. Byrnes and the Council of Foreign Ministers
1945–6
(Kent, Ohio 1979).

33 Yergin, op. cit., 160–1; George Curry, ‘James F. Byrnes’ in Robert H. Ferrell and Samuel Flagg Bemiss
(eds)
,
The American Secretaries of State and their Diplomacy
(New
York 1965).

34
Kennan
,
Memoirs 1925–1950
, 294.

35 Text of speech in Robert Rhodes
James
,
Churchill Complete
Speeches
(London 1974), VII 7283–96; Jerome K. Ward, ‘Winston Churchill and the Iron Curtain Speech’,
The History Teacher
, January 1968.

36 Leahy Diaries, 24 January, 7 February 1946.

37 John Morton Blun,
The Price of
Vision: the Diary of Henry A.
Wallace
(Boston 1973), 589–601; Yergin, op. cit., 253—4.

38 Dean Acheson,
Present at the Creation
(New York 1969), 219; Yergin, op. cit., 281–2.

39 Acheson, op. cit., 234.

40 See Overseas Deficit’, dated 2 May 1947, Dalton Papers; Harry
Bayard Price
,
The Marshall Plan
and its Meaning
(Cornell 1955).

41 Yergin, op. cit., 348–50.

42 Jean Edward Smith (ed.),
The
Papers of General Lucius D. Clay: Germany, 1945–1949
(Bloomington 1974), 734–7.

43 Yergin, op. cit., 380.

44 Talbot (ed.) op. cit., 205.

45 David Alan Rosenberg, ‘American Atomic Strategy and the Hydrogen Bomb Decision’,
Journal of
American History
,
June 1979;
David Lilienthal,
Atomic Energy: a New Start
(New York 1980).

46
W. Phillips Davison
, The Berlin
Blockade
(Princeton 1958).

47
Kennan
,
Memoirs 1925–1950
, 354ff.

48 Warner Schilling
et al., Strategy
,
Politics and Defence Budgets
(Colombia 1962), 298–330.

49 Richard Hewlett and Francis
Duncan
,
Atomic Shield
1947–1952
(Pennsylvania 1969), 362–9.

50 Anderson, op. cit., 184.

51 Churchill,
Second World War
, vi:
Triumph and Tragedy
(London
1954), 701.

52 Samuel I. Rosenman (ed.),
Public
Papers and Addresses of Franklin D. Roosevelt: Victory and the Threshold of Peace 1944–1945
(New York 1950), 562.

53 Schram, op. cit., 220ff.; Tang
Tsou
,
America’s Failure in China
1941–1950
(Chicago 1963), 176ff.

54 Schram, op. cit., 228–9; Tang Tsou, op. cit., 100–24.

55 Milovan Djilas,
Conversations with Stalin
(London 1962), 182; Vladimir Dedijer,
Tito Speaks
(London 1953), 331.

56 Schram, op. cit., 232–3.

57 Wolfram Eberhard,
History of China
(4th ed., London 1977), 344.

58
Derk Bodde
,
Peking Diary: a Year
of Revolution
(tr. London 1951), 32.

59 Quoted in Noel Barber,
The Fall of
Shanghai: the Communist Takeover in 1949
(London 1979)
, 42.

60 Bodde, op. cit., 47.

61 Barber, op. cit., 49–50.

62 Ibid., 51.

63 Tang Tsou, op. cit., 482–4, 497–8; Schram, op. cit., 245.

64 Mao Tse-Tung,
Selected Works
, iv 201–2, order of 13 February 1948.

65
Kennan
,
Memoirs 1925–1950
, 376.

66 Samuel Wells, ‘The Lessons of the Korean War’, in Francis Heller
(ed.)
,
The Korean War: a 25-Year
Perspective
(Kansas 1977).

67 Duncan Wilson, Tito’s
Yugoslavia
(Cambridge 1979), 50 footnote.

68 Djilas, op. cit., 129, 141.

69 Hingley, op.cit., 385; D.Wilson, op. cit., 55.

70 D.Wilson, op. cit., 61.

71 Ibid., 87.

72 Robert Conquest,
The Soviet Police System
(London 1968), 41.

73 Hingley, op. cit., 388.

74 S.Wells, op. cit.

75
Kennan
,
Memoirs, 1925–1950
, 490.

76
New York Times
, 3 August 1980; S. Wells, op. cit.

77 Talbot (ed.), op. cit., 269;
China Quarterly
, April-June 1964.

78 Yergin, op. cit., 407; S.Wells, op. cit.

79 Robert C. Tucher, ‘Swollen State, Spent Society: Stalin’s Legacy to Brezhnev’s Russia’,
Foreign Affairs
, 60 (Winter 1981–2), 414–45.

80 Kolakowski, op. cit., III 132–5; Hingley, op. cit., 380–2.

81 Zhores A. Medvedev,
The Rise and
FallofT.D.Lysenko
(tr. New York
1969), 116–17.

82
Robert Payne
,
The Rise and Fall of
Stalin
(London 1968), 664.

83
Pravda
, 17 February 1950, quoted Hingley, op. cit., 508.

84 Rigby,
Stalin
, 71; Marc Slonim,
Soviet Russian Literature
(New
York 1964), 289.

85 Svetlana Alliluyeva,
Twenty Letters
, 171, 193, 197, 206; Talbot (ed.), op. cit., 263.

86 Robert Conquest,
Power and
Policy in the USSR
(London
1961), 100.

87 Grey, op. cit., 453–4.

88
Kennan
,
Memoirs 1950–1963
, 154–6.

89 Hingley, op. cit., 404.

90 Rigby,
Stalin
, 81.

91
Conquest
,
Power and Policy
, 165–6; Rigby,
Stalin
, 66–7; Hingley, op. cit., 414.

92 Svetlana Alliluyeva,
After One Year
, 365; Hingley, op. cit., 393–5, 416.

93
K.P.S.Menon
,
The Flying Troika: extracts from a diary
(London
1963), 27–9.

94 Svetlana Alliluyeva,
Twenty
Letters
,
13–18
.

95 Hingley, op. cit., 424, 427.

96 Sidney Olson, ‘The Boom’,
Fortune
, June 1946.

97
Kennan
,
Memoirs 1950–1963
191–2.

98 Alan Harper,
The Politics of Loyalty
(New York 1969).

99 Roy Cohn,
McCarthy
(New York 1968), 56ff.

100 Richard Rovere,
Senator Joe McCarthy
(London 1960), 51.

101 Quoted in Arthur Schlesinger,
Robert Kennedy and his Times
(Boston 1978).

102 Edwin R. Bayley,
Joe McCarthy and the Press
(University of Wisconsin 1981), 66–87, 214–22.

103
Kennan
,
Memoirs 1950–1963
, 220.

104 Barton J. Bernstein, ‘New Light on the Korean War’,
International History Review
, 3 (1981), 256–77.

105 Robert Griffith,
The Politics of
Fear: Joseph McCarthy and the
Senate
(Lexington 1970); Richard
M. Fried
,
Men Against McCarthy
(New York 1976).

106 Fred I. Greenstein, ‘Eisenhower as an Activist President: a look at new
evidence’
,
Political Science
Quarterly
, Winter 1979–80; Robert Wright, ‘Ike and Joe: Eisenhower’s White House and the Demise of Joe McCarthy’, unpublished thesis (Princeton 1979).