Ordinary Men (37 page)

81.
Goldhagen,
Willing Executioners
, 13.

82.
Goldhagen,
Willing Executioners
, 383.

83.
Goldhagen’s most recent technique of alleged refutation (“Letter to the Editor,” 5) is quite original and unusual. He invents or fantasizes a hypothetical or counterfactual verbatim testimony concerning peer pressure, and announces that the absence of just this particular verbatim testimony proves the absence of peer pressure as a factor entirely.

84.
Goldhagen, “A Reply to My Critics,” 38-40. In his book, Goldhagen made the same claim: “The conventional explanations … deny the humanity of the perpetrators, namely that they were moral agents, moral beings capable of making moral choices.”
Willing Executioners
, 389-92.

85.
Stanley Milgrim tested rather than assumed that “deference to authority” was a cross-cultural phenomenon, and he explicitly acknowledged that prejudice toward and indoctrination against the victim would undoubtedly intensify a subject’s willingness to inflict pain upon the victim. Zimbardo intentionally screened out prejudiced subjects precisely because their participation would obviously skew the results. Kelman and Hamilton affirm that cultural factors—such as a negative attitude toward the victims—will facilitate peoples’ compliance to legitimate authority’s policies of sanctioned mass murder.

86.
Goldhagen,
Willing Executioners
, p. 389.

87.
Goldhagen,
Willing Executioners
, 27, 269.

88.
Goldhagen,
Willing Executioners
, 34.

89.
Goldhagen,
Willing Executioners
, 106.

90.
Goldhagen,
Willing Executioners
, 399, 85.

91.
Goldhagen,
Willing Executioners
, 443.

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An asterisk (*) designates a pseudonym, as explained on p. xx of the Preface.

Adorno, Theodore, 165-66

Alekzandrów, 69, 77

Alltagsgeschichte
, xx

Alvensleben, Ludolph von, 97

Anti-Semitism, 52, 73, 75, 82, 92, 150-51, 155, 158, 178-79, 186

Aspangbahnhof (Vienna), 27-28

Army, German, 1, 4-5, 10-11, 24, 38

Ardennes, 5

Auschwitz (Birkenau), 50, 187

Austria, 8, 42, 50-51, 53, 113

Authoritarian personality, 166-67

Auxiliary police and “volunteers,” 77, 158

Caucasian, 119

Latvian, 52

Lithuanian, 18-23, 52

Ukrainian, 16, 52, 134

White Russian, 119

see also
Hiwis

Babi Yar, 18, 135, 160

Bach-Zelewski, Erich von dem, 10, 12-15, 24-25

Barbarossa decree, 11

Baranovichi, 23

Baumann, Zygmunt, 166-67

BdO (Befehlshaber der Ordnungspolizei), 7-8, 131

Bekemeier, * Heinrich, 79, 84, 89, 128, 145, 151-52

Belgium, 27

Beżec, 27, 32, 34-36, 50, 52-53, 132 Bentheim,* Anton, 66, 68, 81, 85, 87, 145, 157

Berdichev, 18

Berlin, 4, 7-8, 26, 112, 135, 183

Besser, Major, 18

Biała Podlaska, 78-79, 105, 134

county of, 78-79, 105

Białowieza, 15

Białystok, 11-15, 24, 136-37

Biłgoraj, 1, 2, 54-57, 60, 62, 69-70, 91-92

Birkenau.
See
Auschwitz

Bittner,* Adolf, 128-29

Bloch, Marc, xx

Bocholt,* Heinrich, 138

Bohemia, 6

Bolshevism.
See
Communism

Brand,* Paul, 47, 98, 102, 110, 125, 127, 135, 149

Brand,* Lucia, 149

Bremen, 42, 67, 153

Bremerhaven, 72

Breslau, 46

Bromberg, 160

Brünn, 28

Brunner, Aton, 28

Brustin-Berenstein, Tatiana, 105

Buchmann,* Heinz, 47, 56, 60, 75-76, 92, 101-102, 111-13, 144, 148, 151, 153, 165, 169, 171, 188

Budzyn, 139

Bulgaria, 27

Bundesarchiv.
See
German Federal Archives

Burger, Josef, 134

Camps, xvi-xvii

death or extermination, 27, 50, 53, 164

labor, xv, 2, 55, 60, 117, 136-38, 161

Carl, Heinrich, 23

Caucasus, xvi

Central Agency for Jewish Emigration, 26, 28

Central Agency for the State Administrations of Justice (Zentrale Stelle der Landesjustizver-waltungen), xvi, 144

Chełm, 28, 53

county of, 105

Chełmno (Kulmnof), 50

Claasen, Kurt, 51

Commissar order.
See
Kommissarbefehl

Communism, 11, 13, 48, 52, 75, 180, 183

Croatia, 27

Criminal Police (Kriminalpolizei or Kripo), 4, 9, 51

Crimea, xvi

Czechoslovakia, 6, 50, 113

Czemierniki, 91, 98, 105, 115

Częstochowa, 28, 38

Daluege, Kurt, 4, 7-8, 12-13, 15, 24, 26-27, 184

Danzig, 5

Dęblin, 28

Deportation of Jews, xx, 26-37, 39, 52-53, 77, 88-89, 95-97, 104-107, 127, 133-34

from Hamburg, 42-44, 53

from Łuków, 106, 110-11

from Parczew, 89-90, 95, 104

from Międzyrzec, 90-95, 104, 106, 108-10, 134

from Radzyń, 106-107

Detmold,* Martin, 130, 140-41

Dettelmann, Hans,* 66

Dnepropetrovsk, 18

Dower, John, 159-60, 162, 186

Dresden, 110

Drucker,* Kurt, 46, 65-66, 68, 74, 79, 84, 108-109, 123, 143, 145, 151, 154, 157, 170, 182, 186

Düsseldorf, 27, 44

Eichmann, Adolf, 26

Einsatzgruppen, 9-11, 163, 183

Erntefest
(fall harvest), 135-38, 141, 163

Ethnic Germans (Volksdeutsche), 5, 39, 41, 51-52, 97, 106, 109

Euthanasia, 50, 163

F-scale, 166-67

Fall harvest.
See Erntefest
Feldgendarmerie.
See
Military police

Final Solution, xxi, 8-9, 26, 36, 49, 53, 76-78, 88, 93, 123, 131-32, 135, 142-43, 155, 163-64

Fischer, Fritz, 106-107

Fischmann, Lieutenant, 28, 30, 53

Frampol, 54

France, 27, 113

Frank, Hans, 122

Franz, Colonel, 18

Freemasons, 42, 180

Freikorps, 3-4

Feucht,* Heinrich, 130

Führer.
See
Hitler, Adolf

Galicia, district of, 7, 27, 30-31, 36, 52-53, 132

Gebhardt,* Wilhelm, 141

Geheime Staatspolizei.
See
Gestapo

Gemeindepolizei, 4

Gendarmerie, 4, 7, 51, 106, 115, 117, 131, 148, 154

General Government, 6-8, 10, 29, 49-50, 53, 122, 132-33, 137

German Federal Archives (Bundesarchiv), 178

German-Jewish relations, 147-48, 150-55

German-Polish relations, 147-50

Germany:

defeat, revolution, and post-World War chaos in, 3, 144

Federal Republic of, xvi, xvii, 18

Nazi dictatorship in, xiii, 4, 160, 164, 169, 170, 173, 176, 182, 186;
see also
Third Reich

occupation policies of, xix, 6, 10, 39, 135, 183

war effort of, xv-xvi, 6, 9-10, 50, 143

Gestapo (Secret State Police, Geheime Staatspolizei), 4, 9, 51, 169

Ghetto-clearing, xvi, 50, 52, 77, 105-106, 110, 121, 132, 163, 171;
see also
Deportation of Jews

Ghettos, xv-xvii, 27, 50-51, 90, 133-34, 136;
see also
Łódź, ghetto of; Lublin, ghetto of; Warsaw, ghetto of

Girzik, Hauptscharführer, 28

Globocnik, Odilo, 8, 49-52, 54-55, 89, 95, 135-37, 163, 165

Gnade, Hartwig, xx, 43, 46, 56-57, 63, 78-80, 82-84, 86-87, 92, 105, 107-109, 123, 134-35, 141, 143, 151, 165, 178, 188

Goebbels, Joseph, 178

Grabitz, Helge, xxi

Grafmann,* Erwin, 145

Greece, 27

Gross, Walter, 178

Grund,* Rudolf, 102, 145, 151

Gypsies, 39, 42

Hagen,* Lieutenant, 46, 56, 60, 100-101, 124, 143

Hamburg, xvii, xx, 38-39, 41, 45, 47-48, 56, 67, 70, 75-76, 80, 91-92, 103, 105, 110, 113, 144, 153, 163, 168, 188

deportation of Jews from, 42-44, 53, 82

post-World War II police in, 144

Haslach,* Captain, 141

Heiden,* Corporal, 130

Heilmann,* Alfred, 107-108

Heinkel, 139

Hergert,* Ernst, 63-65, 74, 84, 86, 170

Hertel, Lieutenant, 31

Heydrich, Reinhard, 4, 9, 26-27, 45-46, 50, 163-64, 183

Higher SS (Schutzstaffel) and Police Leader (HSSPF), 7, 10, 13-14, 16, 24, 133, 163

Hilberg, Raul, xxi, 162

Hilfswilligen.
See
Hiwis

Himmler, Heinrich, 4, 5, 7-13, 18, 24-25, 39, 45-46, 49-50, 52, 74, 97, 135-37, 163-64, 177, 184

History writing of Holocaust and Third Reich, xvii-xxi

Hitler, Adolf, 9-10, 26, 39, 136, 178-79

Hitler Youth, 46, 117, 151

Hiwis (Hilfswilligen), 52, 80-81, 83-85, 89-91, 93-95, 99, 104, 106, 107-10, 115, 158, 163

Hoffmann, Wolfgang, xviii, 46, 55, 57, 59, 114-120, 125, 144-45, 148-49, 151, 154, 156, 165, 169, 171, 178, 188

Höfle, Hermann, 51

Holland.
See
Netherlands Holocaust, xv-xvii, xx-xxi, 158, 162, 186

Hoppner,* Walter, 47, 114, 130, 143, 150, 157, 170

Horodenka, 32-33

Hrubieszów, county of, 105

HSSPF.
See
Higher SS (Schutzstaffel) and Police Leader

Hungary, 27

Incorporated territories, 6, 39

Italy, 27

Izbica, 28, 52, 54, 90, 133, 136

Jablon, Gut, 124

Jäcklein, Corporal, 33-35

Jammer, Lieutenant, 115

Japan, 160-61

Jeckeln, Friedrich, 10, 16

Jewish Historical Institute, 105

Jewish police (Ordnungsdienst), 33, 111, 153

Jewish resistance, 124-26, 136-37

Jews:

of Austria, 27-30, 53

of Czechoslovakia, 27, 53

of Europe, 9, 49, 53, 161

of Galicia, 31-36, 52, 132

of Germany, 27, 42-44, 53, 67, 76, 80, 82, 105, 117, 153

of Latvia, 44

in Nazi ideology, 176, 178-84, 186

of Poland, xv-xvii, 2-3, 8, 49-50, 52-70, 72-74, 77, 79-91, 93-95, 98-99, 101-13, 115-117, 121-42, 144, 149-50, 152-58

of Russia and Soviet Union, 9, 11-24, 26, 49, 136

Jobst, Sergeant, 100, 102

Józefów, 2, 3, 54-55, 57-60, 66-67, 69, 71-72, 74, 76-78, 80, 82, 85-87, 92, 99, 102, 104, 113-14, 117, 121, 127-29, 135, 142, 155, 160-63, 171, 173-75, 179, 185, 188

Jurich, Sergeant, 99-100, 111

Justmann,* Sergeant, 118

Kageler,* Georg, 67, 86

Kamenets Podolsky, 17

Kammer,* Arthur, 57, 60-62, 76, 91, 103, 144, 153

Karlsen,* Wilhelm, 119, 141

Kassel, 67, 153

Kastenbaum,* Franz, 67-68

Katowice, 50

KdO (Kommandeur der Ordnungspolizei), 7-8, 131

Keller,* Hans, 43, 98-100

Kharkov, 18

Khodorov, 31

Khorol, 18

Kielce, 28, 38, 89

Kiev, 18, 136

Klaparov, 34

Koblenz, 178 Kobrin, 15

Kock, 91, 97-99, 101, 103-104, 106, 111, 121, 125, 153-54, 157

Kołomyja, 27, 30-33, 36

Komarówka, 91, 105, 108, 154, 157

Kommandeur der Ordnungspolizei.
See
KdO

Kommissarbefehl, 11, 13, 183

Końskowola, 115, 117, 119, 121, 133, 156

Korean War, 177

Kosov, 32

Kovno, 18, 24, 42

Krakow, 7-8, 29, 131, 137

district of, 7, 52-53, 137

Krasnik, 52, 139

Krasnytaw, 53

Kröpelin, Captain, 31

Krementschug, 18

Kripo.
See
Criminal Police Krüger, Friedrich-Wihelm, 7-8, 133, 137

Kube, Wilhelm, 19

Kulmhof.
See
Chełmno

Kurów, 114

Kuty, 32

Lambrecht, Dr. Arnold, 122

Latvian attitude toward Jews, 44

Leffler, Georg, 123

Leitmaritz, Obersturmführer, 31

Lemberg.
See
Lwów

Leningrad (St. Petersburg), 5

Lerch, Ernst, 51

Levi, Primo, 186-88

Liebscher, Lieutenant, 131

Łódź, 39, 42-44, 50, 92, 148 ghetto of, xvi, 41

Łomazy, 78-89, 99, 104, 110, 121, 142, 152, 163, 179

Lubartow, 52

Lübeck, 42

Lublin, 28-29, 55-56, 60, 76, 100, 102, 115, 117, 134, 138-41, 163 district of, 7-8, 49-54, 70, 76-78, 88-90, 95-97, 105-106, 115, 119, 121-22, 131-38, 141, 145, 165, 180-81 ghetto of, 52-53

Ludwigsburg, xvi, xxi, 144-45

Łuków, 88, 90-91, 95, 105-107, 110-13, 121-22, 133-36, 153, 188

Lundenburg, 28

Luxembourg, 45

Lwów (Lemberg), 31, 34-35

Majdanek, 60, 134, 137-42,163

Malmedy, 160

Manila, 160

Mayerhofer, Scharführer, 28

Marx, Karl, 180 Mehler,* Conrad, 145

Messmann, Lieutenant, 115, 117, 119, 125, 148

Metzger,* Paul, 86

Michaelson,* Gustav, 129, 156, 169

Michalsen, Georg, 51

Międzyrzec, 88-95, 102, 104-107, 109-10, 121-22, 133-36, 142, 153, 179

Milgram, Stanley, 171-76, 184

Military police (Feldgendarmerie), 5

Minkovtsy, 17

Minsk, 15-16, 18-19, 23-24, 42-44, 82, 119, 188

Mischlinge
, 177

Mogilev, 16

Montua, Colonel, 13-14

Moravia, 6

Muhsfeld, 187-88

Munich, 117, 153

My Lai, 160

Nagel, Major, 13, 15

Narevka-Mala, 15

National Socialist Student Union, 46, 151

National Socialism (Nazism): doctrine, ideology, and values of, 48, 74-76, 94, 150-52, 166, 176, 178, 180, 182, 186-87

Nazi Party, xvii, 45-48, 56, 151, 163-64, 178

Nazism.
See
National Socialism

Nehring,* Erwin, 154

Neisse, 28

New Guinea, 160

Netherlands, 6, 27

Niehaus,* Walter, 66

Niezdów, 150

Norway, 6, 91

Nürnberg, 145

Oberhauser, Josef, 51

Odessa, 136

Office of Racial Politics, 178

Office of the State Prosecutor, 145