PARIS 1919 (88 page)

5. Scottish Record Office, Lothian Papers, 925, notes of an interview between Lloyd George and
Nikola Pa
i
, 15 October 1918.

6. Banac, p. 59; Armstrong, p. 261.

7. Sforza,
Fifty Years,
pp. 8–9; Durham, p. 95.

8. Block, p. 51; Durham, pp. 209, 232–33.

9. Lederer, p. 92.

10. Armstrong, p. 364; West, p. 366.

11. Lederer, p. 86; C. A. Macartney, Hungary and Her Successors, p. 365; Sforza, Fifty Years, p. 157; Tanner, p. 125.

12. Albrecht-Carrié,
Italy at the Paris Peace Conference,
pp. 30–31.

13. Tanner, p. 115; Steed, vol. 2, pp. 165–66; House of Lords Record Office, Lloyd George Papers, 56/2/18, Rennell Rodd to Arthur Balfour, 11 November 1918.

14. Tanner, p. 116.

15. Dragnich, “Serbian Government,” pp. 43–44; Steed, vol. 2, pp. 235–39.

16. Seton-Watson and Seton-Watson, pp. 313, 319; Temperley, vol. 4, pp. 202–3.

17. Tanner, pp. 119–20; FRUS, vol. 12, p. 475.

18. FRUS, vol. 12, pp. 487–88.

19. B. Jelavich, vol. 2, pp. 150–52.

20. Lederer, p. 113; Bonsal,
Suitors and Suppliants,
p. 88; FRUS, vol. 3, pp. 488, 503.

21. Shotwell, p. 146.

22. Cruttwell, p. 235; West, p. 1051; Durham, p. 118; Banac, p. 276.

23. Department of State,
Lansing Papers,
vol. 2, p. 123; Calder, p. 232, n. 63.

24. Lederer, chapters 4 and 5
passim,
p. 165.

25. FRUS, vol. 4, pp. 45–53; Seton-Watson and Seton-Watson, p. 150.

26. House and Seymour, p. 142.

27. Dockrill and Goold, pp. 89–92.

28. House,
Intimate Papers,
vol. 3, p. 333.

CHAPTER 10: RUMANIA

1. FRUS, vol. 1, pp. 265–66.

2. H. Nicolson,
Peacemaking,
p. 227.

3. FRUS, vol. 3, pp. 813–15.

4. Callimachi, p. 266; H. Nicolson,
Peacemaking,
p. 248; Spector, pp. 18–19; Walworth,
Wilson and His Peacemakers,
p. 102, n. 90.

5. H. Nicolson,
Peacemaking,
p. 254.

6. FRUS, vol. 3, pp. 818–34.

7. Ibid., pp. 827, 854.

8. Ibid., pp. 850–51.

9. Wolff, p. 36; Dillon, pp. 215, 237.

10. Callimachi, pp. 56–58.

11. Gregory, pp. 52–53, 122; Cruttwell, p. 293; Callimachi, p. 49.

12. Seymour, pp. 97–98.

13. Lederer, p. 100.

14. Spector, p. 230; Anderson, p. 332, n. 2.

15. Rattigan, p. 192; Cruttwell, p. 295; Spector, pp. 44, nn. 96, 97; FRUS, vol. 2, p. 844; Lederer, p. 142.

16. Spector, p. 89; FRUS, vol. 3, pp. 851–54.

17. Dockrill and Goold, p. 93; H. Nicolson,
Peacemaking,
p. 269.

18. Marston, p. 117; Macartney,
Hungary and Her Successors,
pp. 380–90, 393–94.

19. Seymour, pp. 158, 241.

20. Tihany, pp. 297–320; Seymour, pp. 173, 268; Spector, pp. 72, 125; Yale University Library, House Papers, 2/570 26.4.19, minutes of a conversation with Br
tianu; Bonsal,
Suitors and Suppliants,
pp. 169–71.

21. Pakula, p. 274.

22. Callimachi, p. 98; Wolff, p. 127; Pakula, p. 276; British Library, Balfour Papers, Add. MS 49744, correspondence, 267–68.

23. Yale University Library, House diary, 8.3.19; British Museum, Balfour Papers, Add. MS 49744, correspondence, 267–68; F. Stevenson, p. 171; Spector, p. 112, n. 46.

24. Pakula, pp. 285–87; Walworth,
Wilson and His Peacemakers,
p. 455.

25. Macartney,
Hungary and Her Successors,
pp. 404, 410–25.

CHAPTER 11: BULGARIA

1. FRUS, vol. 4, pp. 717–18, 749–51.

2. Dockrill and Goold, pp. 94–95.

3. Wolff, p. 41.

4. Roosevelt, p. 382; Constant, p. 187; Petsalis-Diomidis, p. 160, n. 29; Groueff, p. 59; Dockrill and Goold, p. 95.

5. Fitzherbert, p. 235; Repington, p. 356; Groueff, p. 68.

6. Groueff, p. 75.

7. Groueff, pp. 61, 68, 78; Petsalis-Diomidis, pp. 87, 167; See, for example, Ekmecic, p. 20; Lederer, p. 125.

8. FRUS, vol. 2, pp. 246–47, 254.

9. Ibid., p. 249; Genov, p. 20; Temperley, vol. 4, p. 450.

10. Genov, p. 33.

11. Ibid., p. 31; Spector, p. 72; FRUS, vol. 2, pp. 264–66.

12. Genov, pp. 25, 49.

13. FRUS, vol. 8, p. 84.

14. Temperley, vol. 4, pp. 412–15; Bowman, pp. 163–64; Groueff, p. 65.

15. Petsalis-Diomidis, p. 264.

16. Groueff, p. 100; Crampton, pp. 96–98.

17. B. Jelavich, vol. 2, p. 255.

CHAPTER 12: MIDWINTER BREAK

1. PWW, vol. 55, pp. 152–53, 480.

2. Shotwell, pp. 108, 153–55, 167; Cecil,
Great Experiment,
p. 69; Seymour, pp. 152–57; H. Nicolson,
Peacemaking,
pp. 104–8, 257.

3. Churchill College, Hankey Papers, 4/11, Hankey to Esher, 10.2.19; Scottish Record Office, Lothian Papers, 1240, Kerr to Lloyd George, 3.3.19; Yale University Library, House diary, 24.2.19; 25.2.19; House of Lords Record Office, Lloyd George Papers, 52/3/11, Derby to Lloyd George, 14.3.19; Silverman, pp. 20–39.

4. PWW, vol. 54, p. 235; Villard, p. 389; Klotz, p. 105; Hardinge, p. 231; National Archives of Canada, Biggar Papers, letter of 20.3.19; Shotwell, p. 157.

5. PWW, vol. 55, pp. 1, 41, 153; vol. 56, pp. 86–87.

6. Shotwell, pp. 136, 187; Seymour, p. 161; E. Howard, p. 301.

7. Temperley, vol. 1, pp. 243–44; Hugessen, p. 22; H. Nicolson,
Peacemaking,
p. 142; A. L. Kennedy, p. 364.

8. Glyn, pp. 256–57; Fromkin,
Time of the Americans,
pp. 225–27; F. Lloyd George, p. 155.

9. Maxwell, pp. 133, 136.

10. Seymour, p. 144; Churchill College, Hankey Papers, 3/24 3–29, 18.1.19; Villard, pp. 398–99; Glynn, p. 245.

11. Mee, p. 106; National Archives of Canada, Biggar Papers, letter of 26.1.19; PWW, vol. 57, pp. 502–3; Maxwell, p. 142.

12. Huddleston, pp. 113–14; F. Stevenson, p. 172.

13. Maxwell, pp. 137–38, 162; Villard, p. 454; Mordacq,
Le ministère Clemenceau,
vol. 3, p. 287.

14. Yale University Library, Auchincloss diary, 25.1.19; Hugessen, p. 25; Armstrong, p. 71; F. Lloyd George, p. 149.

15. E. Howard, p. 308; Dillon, p. 31; F. Stevenson, p. 175.

16. Seymour, p. 138; Shotwell, pp. 189–90; White,
Autobiography,
p. 556.

17. Yale University Library, Auchincloss diary, 21.4.19; Shotwell, pp. 234–39, 270–93, 280; Seymour, pp. 195–200.

18. Lansing,
Peace Negotiations,
p. 107; Bonsal,
Unfinished Business,
p. 42; Beers, p. 149; White,
Autobiography,
p. 566; PWW, vol. 57, p. 141.

19. Hankey, chapter 9; Seymour, p. 169.

20. H. Nicolson,
Peacemaking,
pp. 175–76 [my translation].

21. Mordacq, Le ministère Clemenceau, vol. 3, pp. 133–35; C. T. Thompson, p. 218; F. Stevenson, p. 172.

22. Scottish Record Office, Lothian Papers, 771, Lloyd George to Kerr, 19.2.19.

23. Mee, p. 101; Repington, p. 189; Mordacq,
Le ministère Clemenceau,
vol. 3, pp. 138–43; Poincaré, pp. 167, 177; PWW, vol. 57, p. 332; Steed, vol. 2, p. 325.

24. Jones, vol. 1, pp. 76, 79; Rowland, pp. 507–9.

25. Cooper, pp. 55, 57–59, 70; Hecksher, pp. 537–38.

26. Nordholt, pp. 317–21.

27. Walworth,
Wilson and His Peacemakers,
pp. 182–83; Widenor, pp. 283–87, 305.

28. Bonsal,
Unfinished Business,
p. 59; Bonsal,
Suitors and Suppliants,
p. 264; PWW, vol. 55, p. 410; Nordholt, pp. 322–23; Yale University Library, Auchincloss Papers, 002–029, Wilson to House, 4.3.19.

29. Ambrosius, pp. 93–96; Bonsal,
Suitors and Suppliants,
p. 256.

30. Fried, pp. 367–68.

CHAPTER 13: PUNISHMENT AND PREVENTION

1. Rudin, p. 370.

2. Ministère des Affaires Etrangères, PA-AP 42, Paul Cambon papers, vol. 68, report of interview between Paul Cambon and Lloyd George, 12.11.18; Steed, vol. 2, p. 252; French, p. 79 and
passim.

3. Schwabe,
Woodrow Wilson, Revolutionary Germany,
p. 156.

4. FRUS, vol. 3, pp. 705–14, 895–925, 950, 978.

5. House of Lords Record Office, Lloyd George Papers, F/147/3/4, note from Foch, Bliss, Wilson and Diaz, 9.4.19; St. Antony's College, Oxford, Malcolm Papers, 1/12, diary entries for 20.4.19, 21.4.19, 25.4.19; P. Mantoux, vol. 2, pp. 493–500.

6. F. Lloyd George, p. 162; FRUS, vol. 3, pp. 933–34.

7. Temperley, vol. 1, p. 321; FRUS, vol. 3, pp. 904–5; PWW, vol. 55, p. 161; Keynes,
Two
Memoirs,
pp. 61–62.

8. Epstein, pp. 293–94; Temperley, vol. 1, pp. 313–17; Marks, “Smoke and Mirrors,” p. 352, n. 62; FRUS, vol. 4, pp. 274–93.

9. PWW, vol. 53, p. 708.

10. Fried, p. 324; Trachtenberg,
Reparation in World Politics,
p. 51.

11. Röhl, chapter 1.

12. Rose, p. 229.

13. Rowland, pp. 463, 466–69; Callwell, vol. 2, p. 149; Rose, p. 231; Lentin,
Lloyd George,
p. 29; J. Campbell, pp. 449–59; House of Lords Record Office, Lloyd George Papers, F/117/1/3, minutes of the Imperial War Cabinet, 37 (20.11.18); Goldstein,
Winning the
Peace,
p. 224.

14. P. Mantoux, vol. 1, pp. 189, 193.

15. Walworth,
Wilson and His Peacemakers,
p. 215, n. 51; House and Seymour, pp. 231–58; P. Mantoux, vol. 1, p. 110.

16. Mordacq,
Le ministère Clemenceau,
vol. 3, p. 27; Aldrovandi Marescotti,
Nuovi ricordi,
p. 92.

17. Röhl, pp. 210–11; Eyck, vol. 1, pp. 187–88.

CHAPTER 14: KEEPING GERMANY DOWN

1. Tillman, pp. 164–65; Reynolds, p. 121.

2. FRUS, vol. 3, p. 930; House of Lords Record Office, Lloyd George Papers, F23/4/39, Hankey to Lloyd George, 19.3.19.

3. Seymour, p. 159; Riddell,
Intimate Diary,
p. 190; Yale University Library, House diary, 24.1.19; PWW, vol. 53, p. 410; Library of Congress, Baker notebooks, 21.3.19.

4. FRUS, vol. 3, p. 905; Guiral, p. 291; Mordacq,
Le ministère Clemenceau,
vol. 3, p. 265; Yale University Library, House diary, 14.4.19.

5. Liddell Hart, p. 413; Mordacq,
Le ministère Clemenceau,
vol. 3, pp. 65, 90–91; Scottish Record Office, Lothian Papers, 1214/1; Ribot, p. 256.

6. See, for example, FRUS, vol. 3, pp. 704–14; PWW, vol. 54, pp. 178, 275, 301–2.

7. Lowry, pp. 20–22; Walworth,
Wilson and His Peacemakers,
pp. 48–49, 86–87; FRUS, vol. 3, pp. 896–908, 970–79; House of Lords Record Office, Lloyd George Papers, F23/4/22, Hankey to Lloyd George, 23.2.19.

8. FRUS, vol. 4, p. 186; House of Lords Record Office, Lloyd George Papers, F3/4/15, Balfour to Lloyd George, 5.3.19.

9. FRUS, vol. 4, pp. 213–30.

10. F. Palmer, p. 375; House of Lords Record Office, Lloyd George Papers, F/147/1, “Notes of an interview between M. Clemenceau, Colonel House and myself, 7.3.19”; Callwell, vol. 2, p. 173.