Pillar of Fire (109 page)

patched that up, too: Rowe worked briefly for Senate Majority Leader Johnson in 1956. Dallek,
Lone Star Rising
, p. 493.

Rowe kept pushing candidate Johnson: Rowe to LBJ, Jan. 17, 1959, and Aug. 24, 1960, LBJA-Selected Names, Box 32, LBJ.

“Mogul emperor”: Dallek,
Lone Star Rising
, p. 587.

Johnson pulled rank: McPherson,
Political Education
, p. 216.

to the White House Arthur “Tex” Goldschmidt: PDD, Dec. 12, 1963, LBJ; oral histories of Arthur E. Goldschmidt and Elizabeth Wickenden, June 3, 1969, and Elizabeth Wickenden, Nov. 6, 1974, LBJ; Caro,
Means of Ascent
, p. 11.

called his hero: PDD, Dec. 1, 1963, LBJ.

Aubrey Williams: Miller,
Lyndon
, pp. 64-68; Durr,
Magic Circle
, pp. 99-100; Dallek,
Lone Star Rising
, pp. 125-46.

Williams was a political casualty: Durr,
Magic Circle
, pp. 246, 249.

segregationist boycott: Ibid., pp. 269, 291.

Louisiana police: Kinoy,
Rights on Trial
, pp. 213-30; Kunstler,
Deep in My Heart
, pp. 237-38; O'Reilly,
Racial Matters
, p. 181;
Dombrowski v. Eastland
, 387 U.S. 82 (1967).

Williams was in failing health: Bill Moyers to Lady Bird Johnson, Dec. 12, 1963, and Cliff Carter to Aubrey Williams, Dec. 12, 1963, LBJ. Aubrey Williams was buried on March 6, 1965, the day before the Bloody Sunday march in Selma.

“Put them to work!”: Caro,
Path to Power
, pp. 341-68.

King protested: MLK telegram to RFK, Oct. 6, 1963, A/KP24f20; MLK statement issued Sunday, Oct. 6, 1963, A/KS5.

did sow dissension: Cf. Wiley Branton to MLK, Dec. 11, 1963, A/KP4f47. Branton wrote King that he had been contacted directly by Jack Rogers, counsel for the Louisiana Joint Legislative Committee on Un-American Activities, and told that King was “being duped by ‘communists.'” Although Branton said he knew Rogers was trying to smear King, he nevertheless advised King that there were “things in the report which disturb me and which probably will disturb you….”

“sever any and all relationships”: Jones to MLK, Nov. 26, 1963, A/Kp13f15.

“King is playing a crafty game”: Aubrey Williams to Jim Dombrowski, Feb. 26, 1960, enclosed along with two others in ibid. In his letter, Williams aimed nastier barbs at what he saw as tactical clumsiness on the part of Ralph Abernathy: “Abernathy is a fool.”

“Now interestingly enough”: Interview MLK by Donald H. Smith, Nov. 29, 1963, Donald H. Smith tapes, tape 9, side 1, SHSW.

displayed blown-up reproductions: Branch,
Parting
, pp. 853-54.

Johnson never mentioned: Garrow,
Bearing the Cross
, p. 308; Lee White to LBJ, Dec. 3, 1963, ExHU2, Pr8-1/K, LBJ.

vulgar Nazi signs:
Jet
, Dec. 19, 1963, p. 32.

forty-three minutes: 11:37
A.M.
until 12:20
P.M.
, PDD, Dec. 3, 1963, LBJ.

“Well, here's Dr. King”: LBJ phone call with David McDonald, Dec. 2, 1963, audiotape KG312.17, LBJ.

King praised Johnson: NYT, Dec. 4, 1963, p. 1.

warnings still sounded: According to FBI wiretaps, Clarence Jones told King on December 13 that representatives of the federal government were pressuring SCLC to purge one of its attorneys representing civil rights demonstrators (probably Arthur Kinoy) as a security risk. New York LHM, Dec. 17, 1963, FSC-NR, FJ-NR.

“Red ties”: Column by Robert S. Allen and Paul Scott in
Long Island Star Journal
, Nov. 25, 1963. King received a copy through New York friends. The FBI preserved a copy in its files, FJNY-258.

“horrifying,” said King: Wiretap transcript of MLK-Clarence Jones conversation of Nov. 30, 1963, cited in SAC, New York, to Director, Dec. 4, 1963, with attached New York LHM, FK-NR.

telephone credit cards: “Office of the President” to “SCLC Credit Card Holders,” Dec. 5, 1963, A/KP32f7.

lawyers were locked: Garrow,
Bearing the Cross
, pp. 308-9; Jack Greenberg to William Kunstler, Nov. 22, 1963, A/KP17f13; Kunstler to Greenberg, Nov. 27, 1963, and Kunstler to King et al., undated, A/KP31f19. Complaints by King's lawyers about Kunstler mentioned in wiretap intercepts summarized in New York LHMs of Dec. 10, 1963, and Dec. 18, 1963, FK-NR.

dentist who treated: Dr. Roy Bell to Walker, Dec. 19, 1963, and Walker to Bell, Dec. 19, 1963, A/KP4f18.

quitting for lack of a pay raise: Branch,
Parting
, pp. 898-900.

“I really have been”: Young to Clark, Cotton, and King, Dec. 17, 1963, A/KP29f12.

scolded the preachers: Clark to King, Dec. 12, 1963, A/KP29f18. Clark advised King in her cover letter that her memo summarized verbal remarks made to Young and Cotton on Nov. 22. “When Kennedy was killed,” she wrote, “I too, felt the guilt of silence and immediately sat down with pen in hand.” At other times, Clark was generous, almost motherly, toward King. Early in November, she had turned down an offered pay raise, saying she could not accept it “and feel perfectly free inside.” She advised King that she did not want to burden him: “A Civil Rights Organization and its leaders have too much to do to help white people mature and Negroes awaken.” Clark to King, Nov. 4, 1963, A/SC3f24.

Under heavy pressure: The book revision is the major topic of conversation picked up on Stanley Levison's telephone tap between October 1963 and March 1964. FLNY-7 and FLNY-9,
passim
.

“This book”: Wiretap log of Nov. 26, 1963, FLNY-7-617a.

“I've got to finish off”: Wiretap log of Oct. 8, 1963, FLNY-7-610a.

“to interpret the direction of change”: Jones to MLK and MLK to Joan Daves, Nov. 26, 1963, A/KP27f8.

“this is now much closer”: Wiretap log of Feb. 6, 1964, FLNY-7-689a.

“the first major civil rights demonstration”: NYT, Dec. 16, 1963, p. 17.

“glaring reality”: ADW, Dec. 16, 1963, p. 1.

Lewis went to jail: Mary King,
Freedom Song
, p. 181.

told the booking officer: Ibid., p. 175.

“Almost daily into winter”:
Jet
, Jan. 9, 1964, pp. 6-9; Lyon,
Memories of the Southern Civil Rights Movement
, pp. 124-29; Good,
Trouble I've Seen
, pp. 25-29; NYT, Dec. 22, 1963, p. 25; NYT, Dec. 23, 1963, p. 44.

straddling the conflict: Lewis,
King
, pp. 233-35.

Daddy King hounded: Good,
Trouble I've Seen
, pp. 29-31.

“a where do we go from here”: Wiretap summary of Jones-MLK conversation of Dec. 17, 1963, in New York LHM dated Dec. 18, 1963, FK-NR, pp. 2-3.

FEDERAL BUILDING
in Oxford: Mills,
This Little Light
, pp. 69-77.

agent explained the physical evidence: BW, Dec. 18, 1963, p. 3.

“Your name has not been called”: Clark to Horton, Dec. 5, 1963, Series G-17, No. 4007, UNC.

Henry expressed a practical worry: Minutes, COFO staff meeting, 11:30
A.M.
, Dec. 15, 1963, A/SN111f16.

“You can be bigger”: Int. Lawrence Guyot, Feb. 21, 1991.

“see his ass put in jail”: Mendy Samstein, “On the Hattiesburg Situation,” nd (circa Jan. 1964), A/SN98f24.

“I think that will be”: Ibid.

“Are you strong enough”: Int. Lawrence Guyot, Feb. 1, 1991.

grandiose scheme to import 100,000: Minutes, COFO staff meeting, 5:00
P.M.
, Dec. 15, 1963, A/SN111f16.

“You're going to get a lot of folks killed”: Ibid.

debate resumed after Christmas: Minutes of SNCC Executive Committee meetings, Dec. 28-31, 1963, compiled by Jim Monsonis and Cathy Cade A/SN6.

fn “We have to be practical”: Ibid., p. 15.

“Some of the whites”: Ibid., p. 22.

“pushed by Al Lowenstein”: Ibid., p. 28.

“intends to obtain”: Ibid., p. 29-30.

14. H
IGH
C
OUNCILS

swaths of black crepe: Johnson,
White House Diary
, p. 19.

seven top FBI officials: Baumgardner to Sullivan, Dec. 19, 1963, FK-NR; Sullivan to Belmont, December 24, 1963, FK-NR; Garrow,
FBI and Martin
, pp. 102-4.

phony engineering company: Branch,
Parting
, p. 915; testimony of Arthur Murtaugh, Nov. 17, 1978, in Hearings of the House Select Committee on Assassinations, Vol. 6, pp. 99-100; int. Robert Nichols, May 29, 1984.

“placing a good-looking female plant”: Garrow,
FBI and Martin
, p. 103.

repeated five times a first requirement: Sullivan to Belmont, Dec. 24, 1963, FK-NR.

“We are most interested”: Garrow
FBI and Martin
, p. 104.

money was the root of evil: Int. Robert Nichols, May 29, 1984.

“pretty much agreed with Hegel”: Ibid.

“so-called civil rights”: Baumgardner to Sullivan, Jan. 8, 1964, FK-NR.

“We will, at the proper time”: Sullivan to Belmont, Dec. 24, 1963, FK-NR.

“Man of the Year”:
Time
, Jan. 3, 1964.

“the unchallenged voice of the Negro people”: Ibid., p. 27.

“They had to dig deep in the garbage”: O'Reilly,
Racial Matters
, p. 136.

“We here to get Martin Luther King”: Director to SAC, Tampa, Jan. 13, 1964, FBI File No. 9-41768-2, FRW-NR.

Hoover suspended official courtesies: Director to SAC, Detroit, Nov. 27, 1963, FRW-NR. This order is recalled by the Atlanta office in SAC, Atlanta, to Director, Jan. 16, 1964, FRW-NR.

Roy Wilkins asked: SAC, New York, to Director and SAC, Tampa, Jan. 29, 1964, FRW-NR.

“diplomatically decline”: Director to SAC, New York, Jan. 22, 1964, FRW-NR.

transformed the 1890 farmhouse: Johnson,
White House Diary
, p. 20.

high-powered showerheads: Valenti,
A Very Human President
, p. 89.

steaks into the shape of Texas: Dugger,
The Politician
, p. 426.

mating instincts of nearby cattle: E. Ernest Goldstein, “How LBJ Took the Bull by the Horns,”
Amherst
alumni magazine, Winter 1985, p. 15.

postponed Christmas dinner: Johnson,
White House Diary
, pp. 20-21.

mounted on a bale of hay: NYT, Dec. 28, 1963, p. 1.

souvenir ashtrays: Johnson,
White House Diary
, p. 21.

swirled in hospitality bowls: Int. Victoria Murphy, Aug. 17, 1993.

Whenever Mrs. Johnson saw: Ibid.

Jet
magazine mistakenly said:
Jet
, Dec. 19, 1963, pp. 6-10;
Jet
, Dec. 26, 1963, p. 14.

retrieved prints to prove: LBJ phone calls with Andrew Hatcher, Roy Wilkins, and Whitney Young, Dec. 23, 1963, Audiotape K6312.17, LBJ.

“quit cuttin' us up”: LBJ phone call with Whitney Young, Jan. 6, 1964, Cit. 1197, Audiotape WH6401.06, LBJ.

“I had my picture made”: LBJ phone call with Roy Wilkins, Dec. 23, 1963, Audiotape K6312.17, LBJ.

“I've done as much as I can”: Dictabelt of telephone conversation between LBJ and
Washington Post
executive Katharine Graham, 11:10
A.M.
, Dec. 2, 1963, LBJ.

Johnson aggressively befriended him: Victoria McHugh (Murphy) Oral History, pp. 12-13, LBJ.

marathon poverty caucus: Johnson,
The Vantage Point
, pp. 73-75; Lemann,
The Promised Land
, pp. 143-45; int. Jack Valenti, Feb. 25, 1991; int. Horace Busby, Feb. 3, 1992.

“Why did you say that?”: Int. Horace Busby, Feb. 3, 1992.

wartime editor of
The Daily Texan
: Roberts,
LBJ's Inner Circle
, pp. 88-91.

standoff over segregation:
Time
, Nov. 10, 1961, p. 50.

segregation at Forty Acres: E. Ernest Goldstein, “How LBJ Took the Bull by the Horns,”
Amherst
alumni magazine, Winter 1985, pp. 12-17.

“the President of the United States integrated us”: Ibid. Also Miller,
Lyndon
, pp. 445-46.