Rebellion: The History of England from James I to the Glorious Revolution (75 page)

Cecil, Sir Edward

Chalgrave, battle of (1643)

Chamberlain, John

Charles I, King: and death of brother Henry; prospective marriage to infanta of Spain; douses Villiers in water; character and qualities; and sister Elizabeth’s exile; trip to Spain to visit prospective bride; signs marriage contract but withdraws; assumes authority during father’s decline; urges war with Spain; betrothal to Henrietta Maria; organizes masque; accession; manner and style; stutter; appearance; marriage; calls first parliament; finances and funding; on royal authority; and Catholicism; marriage relations; coronation; addresses to parliament; defends Buckingham against parliamentary impeachment; conflict with parliament over sovereignty; dissolves parliament (1626); religious practices; banishes Catholics from court; demands loans from counties and peers; antagonizes judiciary; and summary imprisonment; relations to law; and death of Buckingham; takes control of administration after Buckingham’s death; irresolution over foreign wars; and religious authority; attacks Eliot; dissolves 1629 parliament; and nine imprisoned members of parliament; personal rule (1629–40); foreign policy; imposition of taxes and rights; art collection and patronage; statues and paintings of; birth of son Charles; peaceful years; interest in local government; claims sovereignty in all seas; crowned king of Scotland; visits Edinburgh; unpopularity; religious rules for Scottish Church defied; prerogative challenged in trial of John Hampden; insistence on royal power; sends military supplies north against Scots; raises forces at York against Scots (1639); in Bishops’ War against Scots; parliament defies (1640); orders judicial torture of rioting apprentice; moves to counter Scots in Second Bishops’ War; defeated at Newburn; summons great council of peers (1640); negotiates with Scots; and fall of Strafford; challenged by parliament; confidence; cancels exaction of ship-money; summons parliament to Banqueting House (January 1641); divides opposition; and Strafford’s trial; signs Bill of Attainder against Strafford; loyal supporters; plans visit to Scotland (1641); returns to London from Edinburgh; and Irish rebellion; seeks impeachment of members of parliament; leaves London (1642); writes to parliament requesting authority and revenues be preserved; denies parliamentary declaration; travels to York (1642); refused entry to Hull; raises volunteer army; rejects parliament’s nineteen propositions; prepares for war; raises standard in Nottingham (1642); army strength; at Edgehill; establishes headquarters in Oxford; withdraws from Turham Green; captures Marlborough; advances on Gloucester; disagreements at court of; summons parliament of supporters in Oxford (1644); flees Oxford for Worcester; defeated at Naseby; Milton denounces; and Scots’ readiness to negotiate; and loss of Bristol; negotiates with Presbyterians and Independents; surrenders to Scots; refuses to take covenant; Scots surrender to parliament for cash; touches for king’s evil; travels to London; New Model Army’s dealings with; and army’s
Heads of Proposals
; at Hampton Court; discussed at Putney debates; in Isle of Wight; agrees ‘Engagement’ with Scots; attempts escape from Carisbrooke Castle; treats with parliamentary commissioners; seeks to raise army in Ireland; trial and death sentence; execution; images removed

Charles II, King: birth; joins father at Greenwich (1642); accompanies father to York; in civil war; letter of resolution from father; exile abroad; proclaimed king by Scots; invited to Scotland (1650); crosses into England; crowned king of Scotland; escapes to France; correspondence with supporters in England; moves from France to Spanish Netherlands; Spain supports; waits in Flanders to invade England; and Monck’s position in London; issues declaration from Breda; returns to England and restored to throne; appearance and character; bored by administrative business; diminished royal power; practises king’s touch; religious faith; coronation; marriage to Catherine; mistresses and illegitimate children; court libertinage and cynicism; petitioned by Quaker woman; declarations of indulgence (on religious toleration); direct help in Great Fire of London; arouses popular distrust; dismisses Clarendon; forms cabal; negotiates Triple Alliance; relations with Louis XIV; expresses desire to convert to Catholicism; receives subsidies from France; declares war on Dutch (1672); suspends repayment of loans (‘the stop’); cancels declaration of indulgence; prorogues parliament (1674 & 1675); closes coffee-houses; secret treaty with Louis XIV; differences with parliament; parliament grants money for war against France; ‘Popish Plot’ against life; dissolves Cavalier Parliament (January 1679); dissolves privy council and forms new council; prorogues parliament (1679); fears for survival; and James as successor; proclaims Monmouth’s illegitimacy; serious illness (1679); prorogues parliament (1680); and exclusion crisis; orders new assembly in Oxford (1681); decides on personal rule; Rye House Plot against; final illness and death; received into Roman Catholic communion

Chatham: Dutch penetrate defences (1667)

Cheriton, battle of (1644)

Chester: falls in civil war

Chesterfield, Philip Stanhope, 2nd earl of

chocolate

Christian, duke of Brunswick

Christian IV, king of Denmark

Christina, queen of Sweden

Christmas: abolished (1644)

Church of England (Anglicanism): and authority; Laud’s ‘Declaration’ on; alliance with Crown in cleansing kingdom; practices and rituals; clergy required to take oath; convocation supports Charles I; reforms (1640); imposed on nation; in eighteenth century; Danby champions

Church of Scotland: Charles I’s canons and Service Book for; and national covenant; general assembly meets (1636); bishops removed;
see also
Presbyterians

Churchill, John (
later
1st duke of Marlborough)

civil war (1642–6): beginnings and causes; divided loyalties; soldiers; financing; peace calls; conduct of and engagements; siege warfare; second (1648); casualties

Clarendon, Edward Hyde, 1st earl of: on Digby; on Charles I’s insecurity; on Charles I’s unpopularity; on Hampden trial; on Charles I raising forces at York; on Berwick peace negotiations; serves in 1640 parliament; on accusations against Strafford; on Irish rebellion; on parliament’s unpopularity; on loss of navy to Charles I; on beginning of civil war; disparages Essex; on Prince Rupert; praises Cromwell as commander; on Charles I’s trial; on Cromwell’s assumption of power; Broderick reports on disaffection to; as Lord Chancellor under Charles II; disparages Quakers; mediates for Charles II; on Charles II’s discomposure; and sale of Dunkirk to French; fall from favour and dismissal; exile;
History of the Rebellion

Clarkson, Laurence

Claypole, Elizabeth (
née
Cromwell; Oliver’s daughter)

Claypole, John

Clement X, Pope: burnt in effigy

Cleveland, John

Clifford, Thomas, 1st baron

Clotworthy, John

Clough, William

clubmen

Cobham, Henry Brooke, 8th baron

coffee

coffee-houses; closed by Charles II and reopened

Coke, Sir Edward: dispute with James I over law; and Overbury murder; James I rebukes and dismisses; hostility to Spain; imprisoned; on Charles I’s finances; criticizes Buckingham; bill prohibiting detention without trial

Coke, Roger:
A Discourse of Trade

Colchester, Lord (1688)

Colchester, siege of (1648)

Coleman, Edward

Collection of Anecdotes and Remarkable Characters, A

committee of safety: formed (1659)

Commons, House of: on established church; business under James I; and taxation under James I; and financing of James I; opposes Buckingham; claims authority to determine country’s religion; ‘Grand Remonstrance’ (religious manifesto); inactivity; and Charles I’s visit to Scotland; sends declaration to counties; Vote of No Addresses on Charles I; call for treaty with Charles I; differences with Lords; in exclusion crisis;
see also
parliament

Conventicle Act (1664)

‘Convention Parliament’,
see under
Parliament

Conway, Edward, 2nd viscount

Cook, John

Cornbury, Edward Hyde, viscount (
later
3rd earl of Clarendon)

Cornwallis, Sir Charles

Corporation Act (1661)

Cottington, Sir Francis, baron

Cotton, Sir John

Cotton, Robert

council of the north: abolished

council of state: Cromwell forms

counties: government and administration

court of highs commission (religious): abolished

Coventry, Sir Henry

Coventry: parliamentary prisoners in

Cranfield, Lionel

Cromwell, General Lord

Cromwell, Henry (Oliver’s son)

Cromwell, Oliver: as member of 1628 parliament; criticizes Laud; Philip Warwick describes; on ‘Grand Remonstrance’; low estimate of parliamentary army; forms elite regiment; engages royalist force at Grantham; favours religious toleration and plurality; as Independent; and Charles’s advance on Gloucester; in committee of two kingdoms; promoted lieutenant-general of eastern association; background, character and religious faith; victory at Marston Moor; appearance; differences with Manchester; forms New Model Army; as second-in-command of New Model Army at Naseby; on victory over royalists; collapse and near-death; Lilburne writes to and praises; and army discontent; in new general council of army; and removal of Charles I from Holmby House to London; in New Model Army’s march on London; negotiates with captured Charles I; at Putney debates; openly breaks with Charles I; throws cushion at Ludlow; subdues rebels in Wales; commands at battle of Preston; considers fate of Charles I; at Charles I’s trial; heads council of state; made commander-in-chief of army; optimism; Lilburne attacks; travels to Ireland and suppresses rebellion; campaign in Scotland (1650); illness in Scotland; final battle at Worcester; returns to London and rewarded; aims and reforms; dissolves parliament (1653); dominance and authority; reconstitutes parliament; as Lord Protector; abused; administration and ordinances; assassination attempts on; calls parliament (1654); venture in West Indies; orders reform of manners; depression; proposed as king but declines; posthumous reputation; enjoys festivities and pleasures; health decline and death; dissolves parliament (1658); openly criticized; Marvell’s poems on; funeral

Cromwell, Richard (Oliver’s son): succeeds father; abdicates; declines army request for commanding officer; rumoured return to office; flees to exile in Europe

customs and festivals

Cutpurse, Moll

Dade, William:
Prognostications

Danby, Thomas Osborne, 1st earl of (
later
marquess of Carmarthen and duke of Leeds); released from Tower; invites William of Orange to invade

Davenant, John, bishop of Salisbury

Davenant, Sir William;
Salmacida Spolia
(masque);
The Tragedy of Albovine
(play)

Davies, Lady Eleanor

decimation tax

Declaration of the Army
(1646)

Declaration of Sports

Dekker, Thomas:
The Seven Deadly Sins of London

Denmark: England proposes holy crusade against Catholic powers

Derby, James Stanley, 7th earl of

Dering, Sir Edward

Desborough, John

Devonshire, William Cavendish, 4th earl (
later
1st duke) of

D’Ewes, Simonds: criticizes Commons’ behaviour; on Cotton’s decline; on Charles I’s demand for ship-money; on Strafford’s trial; on ‘Grand Remonstrance’; on 1641 election; on Charles I’s military officers; on effect of parliamentary declaration on opponents in civil war; on women’s peace demonstration

Diggers

Digges, Sir Dudley

Dillingham, John

Discourse of the Religion of England

dissenters (nonconformists): proliferation; under Charles II; granted freedom of worship (1672); under James II

Donne, John

Dorchester, Catherine Sedley, countess of

Dort, synod of (1618)

Doves, Samuel

Dowdall, Lady Elizabeth

Dowland, John

drama
see
theatre

dress and fashion: under Charles II

Drogheda, Ireland

Dryden, John: on battle of Lowestoft; as dramatist;
Absalom and Achitophel
;
The Secular Masque

Dublin: rebellion (1641)

Duckenfield, Colonel Robert

Duke of York’s Servants (theatre company)

Dunbar, battle of (1650)

Dunkirk: sold to French; Anglo-French alliance against