Spies and Commissars: The Bolshevik Revolution and the West (72 page)

50
. P. Dukes, ‘1918 Kalendar’-Otmetchik’: Paul Dukes Papers (HIA), box 1.

51
.
Ibid.

52
.
Krasnaya kniga VChK
, vol. 2, pp. 43–5.

53
. P. Dukes, ‘The Onoto Diary for 1919’: Paul Dukes Papers (HIA), box 1; P. Dukes,
Red Dusk and the Morrow
, p. 223.

54
.
Ibid
., p. 220.

55
.
Ibid.
, pp. 222–3.

56
. Affidavit, 30 August 1919: Paul Dukes Papers (HIA), box 1.

57
.
Lady Dukes, handwritten memoir (n.d.): Paul Dukes Papers (HIA), box 1.

58
. Peter Constantinoff to Lady Dukes, 27 June 1968, stating that he was one of the two: Paul Dukes Papers (HIA), box 1.

59
. P. Dukes,
Red Dusk and the Morrow
, p. 267.

60
. L. D. Trotskii to M. M. Litvinov, 5 June 1918: Milner Papers, dep. 365, fol. 79.

61
. M. Occleshaw,
Dances in Deep Shadows: The Clandestine War in Russia, 1917–20
, pp. 93–4; C. Andrew
, Secret Service: The Making of the British
Intelligence Community
, pp. 261–2.

62
. American Legation, Copenhagen, dispatch no. 3250, 15 May 1919: US Department of State: Records of the Department of State Relating to Political Relations between Russia (and the Soviet Union) and Other States, 1910–29 (HIA).

63
. American Legation, Copenhagen, dispatch no. 3338, 16 June 1919:
ibid
.

64
. Passport-Control Bureau Chief (Copenhagen), basing himself on British counter-intelligence information: 10 March 1919: P. N. Vrangel Collection (HIA), box 57, folder 1.

65
. A. Ransome,
Russia in 1919
, p. 1.

66
. K. Jeffery,
MI6
, p. 174.

67
. A. Ransome,
Russia in 1919
, pp. 17–18.

22. Communism in America

1
. Central Executive Committee of the CPA, 15 November 1919: Theodore Draper Papers (HIA), box 32.

2
.
New York Times
, 22 March and 2 April 1919.

3
. M. M. Litvinov to L. K. Martens, 27 May 1918: G. N. Sevast’yanov, J. Haslam and others (eds),
Sovetsko-amerikanskie otnosheniya: gody nepriznaniya, 1918–1926
, pp. 101–2.

4
. L. Martens and S. Nuorteva to B. Bakhmetev, 10 April 1919: L. K. Martens Papers (HIA).

5
.
Washington Post
, 5 April 1919.

6
.
New York Times
, 20 June 1919.

7
.
Ibid
., 14 June 1919.

8
.
Ibid.
, 20 June 1919.

9
.
Ibid.
, 21 June 1919.

10
.
Ibid.
, 18 June 1919.

11
.
Ibid.
, 27 June 1919.

12
. Memorandum of L. K. Martens and S. Nuorteva (n.d.; March or April 1919?): George Halonen Papers (HIA).

13
. Both contracts drafted for 16 September 1919: George Halonen Papers (HIA)

14
.
New York Times
, 9 November 1919.

15
.
Ibid.
, 17 November 1919.

16
.
Ibid.
, 27 November 1919.

17
.
Ibid.
, 2 December 1919.

18
.
Ibid.
, 9 November 1919.

19
.
Ibid.
, 19 November 1919.

20
.
Ibid.

21
.
Ibid.
, 13 December 1919.

22
.
Ibid.
, 19 November 1919.

23
.
Ibid.
, 22 December 1919.

24
. L. A. E. Gale to C. Ruthenberg, 23 February 1920, p. 2: Jay Lovestone Papers (HIA), box 195, folder CP-USA General Correspondence, February 1920.

25
. CEC CPA to NEC CLP, 19 March 1920: Jay Lovestone Papers (HIA), box 195.

26
. Conferences and Conventions, 1920: Jay Lovestone Papers (HIA), box 215.

27
. CEC CPA collective protest, 24 March 1920: Jay Lovestone Papers (HIA), box 195.

28
. Leaflet about March 1920: RGASPI, f. 515, op. 1, d. 34, p. 22.

29
. Bukharin, Radek and Kuusinen, ‘Concerning the Next Tasks of the Communist Party of America (n.d., but seized on 22 August 1922): Communist International Instructions (HIA).

30
. M. Eastman, ‘A Statement of the Problem in America and the First Step to its Solution’, 1923: Theodore Draper Papers (HIA), box 31.

31
. [Ed Fisher] to C. E. Ruthenberg, 11 April 1920: Jay Lovestone Papers (HIA), box 195, folder 10.

23. Soviet Agents

1
. See above, p. 159.

2
. Paraphrase of telegram from Sir Mansfeldt Findlay, 30 September 1918: National Archives, FO Registry No. 165188. My thanks to Andrew Cook for sharing this document with me.

3
. See below, note 10.

4
. S. Reilly to R. H. Bruce Lockhart, 25 November 1918: Robert Hamilton Bruce Lockhart Papers (HIA), folder: Robin Bruce Lockhart, ‘Reilly: Russian Revolution, Etc.: Sources: Robert Bruce Lockhart – Reilly’.

5
.
Ibid.

6
. S. Reilly to R. H. Bruce Lockhart, 24 November 1918:
ibid.

7
. R. N. Bruce Lockhart, ‘Notes on Sidney Reilly. Information Provided by George Hill’: Robert Hamilton Bruce Lockhart Papers, box 11, folder 1, p. 3.

8
. Notes taken by Robin Bruce Lockhart from George Hill’s account, p. 4: Robert Hamilton Bruce Lockhart Papers (HIA), box 11, folder 1.

9
. Jean MacLean’s answers to Robin Bruce Lockhart’s questionnaire (question 42): Robert Hamilton Bruce Lockhart Papers (HIA), box 11, folder: Robin Bruce Lockhart, ‘Reilly: Russian Revolution, Etc.: Sources: Jean MacLean’; Notes taken by Robin Bruce Lockhart from George Hill’s account, p. 10: Robert Hamilton Bruce Lockhart Papers (HIA), box 11, folder 1.

10
. Jean MacLean’s answers to Robin Bruce Lockhart’s questionnaire (question 25): Robert Hamilton Bruce Lockhart Papers (HIA), box 11, folder: Robin Bruce Lockhart, ‘Reilly: Russian Revolution, Etc.: Sources: Jean MacLean’.

11
. See
here
.

12
. G. A. Hill, draft letter to the London
Evening Standard
(n.d.): Robert Hamilton Bruce Lockhart Papers (HIA), box 11, folder 1.

13
. C. Andrew and V. Mitrokhin,
The Mitrokhin Archive: The KGB in Europe and the West
, p. 37.

14
. Sovnarkom meeting, 11 November 1918 (NS): GARF, f. R-130, op. 2, d. 2(4).

15
. L. B. Krasin,
Vneshtorg i vneshnyaya ekonomicheskaya politika Sovetskogo pravitel’stva
, pp. 3–4.

16
. L. Bryant,
Six Months in Red Russia
, pp. 292–3.

17
. RGASPI, f. 89, op. 52, d. 4.

18
. C. Andrew,
The Defence of the Realm: The Authorized History of MI5
, p. 144.

19
. K. Jeffery,
MI6: The History of the Secret Intelligence Service, 1909–1949
, p. 184.

20
. RGASPI, f. 89, op. 52, d. 6, pp. 1–2.

21
. W. Kendall,
The Revolutionary Movement in Britain, 1900–1921: The Origins of British Communism
, p. 242.

22
. RGASPI, f. 89, op. 52, d. 6, pp. 1–2.

23
. K. Linder and S. Churkin (eds),
Krasnaya pautina: taina razvedki Kominterna, 1919–1943
, p. 31.

24
. A. E. Senn,
Diplomacy and Revolution: The Soviet Mission to Switzerland, 1918
, pp. 116–19.

25
.
The Times
, 17 February 1920.

26
.
Manchester Guardian
, 19 August 1920.

27
.
Ibid
.

28
. M. E. Harrison,
Marooned in Moscow: The Story of an American Woman Imprisoned in Russia
, p. 60.

29
. ‘Nauenskaya radio-stantsiya . . . pod Berlinom’,
Ogonëk
, no. 16 (1922).

30
.
Byulleten’ Narodnogo Komissariata Inostrannykh Del
, no. 28, 15 August 1920.

31
. Yan Berzin to Moscow, 24 May 1918: K. Linder and S. Churkin (eds),
Krasnaya pautina: taina razvedki Kominterna, 1919–1943
, p. 30.

32
. Jan Berzin to Moscow, 16 August 1918:
ibid
., p. 34.

33
. Report of Special Department of the Cheka, n.d. (late March or April 1921?): S. Tsvigun,
Lenin i VChK
, p. 441.

34
. Report of Special Department of the Cheka, n.d. (late March or April 1921?): S. Tsvigun,
Lenin i VChK
, p. 441. The report says that Dukes also mentioned a Harry Jelly Brand: I have been unable to work out who this person might have been.

35
.
Ibid
.

36
.
Ibid
.

37
. S. Liberman,
Building Lenin’s Russia
, pp. 5, 29, 39–42 and 194–7.

38
. E. Blackwell to W. Thwaites, 26 August 1918: National Archives, KV/2/1903.

39
. Unsigned report to London from Stockholm, 12 September 1918: CX 050167. My thanks to Andrew Cook for sharing this document with me as well as the documents cited in the next three endnotes.

40
. See intercepted letter of Elizabeth Freeman to Mary Freeman, 22 April 1919: Directorate of Military Intelligence, I.P. 1210.

41
. Log of reports on Arthur Ransome, ending on 11 October 1919: ‘MI5 Ransome’.

42
. ‘Arthur Ransome, ref. B/02277’, 25 September 1918.

43
. Memorandum from S.8, 17 March 1919: National Archives, KV/2/1903.

24. The Allied Military Withdrawal

1
.
Army: The Evacuation of North Russia
, pp. 17–18; Gen. Poole to War Office, 18 September 1918: Milner Papers, dep. 366, box D, enclosure 3, fol. 434.