The Arch Conjuror of England (49 page)

30.
Narratives of the Reformation
, ed. Nichols, pp. 229–30;
CSP Venetian
,
vi (i),
p. 137.

31.
W. McCaffrey,
Elizabeth I
(London, 1993, 2001), p. 23.

32.
BL MS Add. 48023, fo. 354v;
APC
, v, p. 176. Dee misdates this to 19 August (CR, p. 520).

Chapter 4: A Royal Occult Institute

1.
Gina Alexander, ‘Bonner and the Marian Persecutions’,
History
, 60 (1975), pp. 374–91 at pp. 374–7.

2.
E. Bonner,
A profitable and necessarye doctryne, with certayne homelies
(London, John Cawood, 1555).

3.
Ibid., preface and sig. Hh2r–v; W.H. Frere and W.M. Kennedy,
Visitation Articles and Injunctions of the Reformation period
, 3 vols. (London, 1910), ii, pp. 353, 361–2; Duffy,
Stripping of the Altars
, pp. 533, 537–43.

4.
Alexander, ‘Bonner’, pp. 374–7.

5.
Roberts and Watson,
Catalogue
, p. 4 and no. 79;
PA
, p. 117; CR, p. 526.

6.
The Trew report of the dysputacyon had and begonne in the convocaycyon hows
(Basle, A. Edmonds [i.e. Emden, J. Gheylliaert and S. Mierdman?], 1554);
The examinacion of the constant Martir of Christ, John Philpot
[Emden, E. van der Erve, 1556], fo. 108r.

7.
S. Wabuda, ‘Henry Bull, Miles Coverdale and the making of Foxe's Book of Martyrs’.
Studies in Church History
, 30 (1993), pp. 245–58; B. Usher, ‘Backing Protestantism: The London Godly, the Exchequer and the Foxe circle’, in D.M. Loades, ed.,
John Foxe: An Historical Perspective
(Aldershot, 1999), pp. 105–34.

8.
CR, p. 509.

9.
Edmund Grindal,
The examinacion of the constaunt martir of Christ John Philpot
(London, 1559) and
Rerum in Ecclesia Gestarum Commentarii
(Basle, 1559).

10.
James P. Carley, ed.,
The Libraries of King Henry VIII
(London, 2000), pp. xxvii–xlvi, lxxiii–lxxvii, lxxix; George F. Warner and Julius P. Gilson,
Catalogue of Western Manuscripts in the Old Royal and King's Collection
, 4 vols. (London, 1921), i, pp. xiv–xv.

11.
John Bale,
The laboryouse iourney [and] serche of Iohan Leylande, for Englandes antiquitees
(London, 1549), sigs. B8r–C1r, C3v–C4r.

12.
BL MS Cotton Vitellius C. VII, fos. 310–11, in CR, pp. 490–5, and Roberts and Watson,
Catalogue
, pp. 194–5.

13.
Ibid., pp. 5–6, 152–3, M91, M97, M24, M37.

14.
Ibid., p. 153.

15.
Ibid., pp. 153–4, R&W, CM36, M13.

16.
Ibid., pp. 153–4, R&W, M107, M3, M89, M99, M157; M26.

17.
Ibid., pp. 151–4.

18.
G. Parry, ‘Puritanism, Science and Capitalism: William Harrison and the Rejection of Hermes Trismegistus’,
History of Science
, 22 (3) (1984), pp. 245–70; Lee Stavenhagen, ed. and tr.,
A Testament of Alchemy
(Hanover, NH, 1974), pp. 60–4.

19.
The mirror of alchimy, composed by the thrice-famous and learned fryer, Roger Bachon
(London, 1597).

20.
Clulee,
Dee's Natural Philosophy
, pp. 126–7, and notes 32–5, p. 209.

21.
MH
, p. 123.

22.
Clulee,
Dee's Natural Philosophy
, pp. 126–7.

23.
Ibid., p. 28; David Hockney,
Secret Knowledge: Rediscovering the Lost Techniques of the Old Masters
(New York, 2001), pp. 17, 71, 76; Roger Bacon,
Discovery of the Miracles of Art, Nature and Magick. Faithfully translated out of Dr Dees own copy, by T.M
. (London, 1659), p. 21.

24.
PA
, p. 117; CR, p. 527.

25.
Hockney,
Secret Knowledge
, p. 140; R&W, B 197, B 201.

26.
PA
, pp. 103–6, 98; BLO MS Ashmole 337, fos. 20–57; see below, pp. 109–10.

27.
CR, p. 507;
PA
, p. 117, CR, p. 527; Van Cleempoel,
The Louvain School
, pp. 16–18.

28.
PA
, p. 117;
MP
, sig. d1v; CR, p. 527.

29.
Clulee,
Dee's Natural Philosophy
, pp. 68–9;
PA
, pp. 103, 149; CR, p. 526.

30.
PA
, p. 149.

Chapter 5: The Kabbalah of Creation

1.
Patrick Collinson, ‘Elizabeth I (1533–1603)’,
ODNB
, Oxford University Press, 2004; online edn, May 2008 [
http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/8636
]; William Fulke,
Antiprognosticon, that is to saye, an invective against the vayne and unprofitable predictions of the astrologians as Nostrodame
(London, December 1560), sig. A8r–v; Francis Coxe,
A short treatise declaringe the detestable wickednesse of magicall sciences, as Necromancie, Coniurations of spirites, Curiouse Astrologie and such lyke
(London, 1561), sigs. A4v–A5v.

2.
APC
, vii, 1558–70, pp. 5, 7, 22;
CSP Spanish, xiv, 1558–1567
, p. 119, Aquila to the Count de Feria, 27 December 1559; Hatfield House MS CP 152/34.

3.
APC
, vii, 1558–70, p. 22. A 1559 bill against witchcraft ran out of time.

4.
CR, pp. 509, 521.

5.
Means, ‘Electionary, Lunary’, pp. 370–5, on electionary horoscopes.

6.
Lincolnshire Archives Office, Leadenham Parish Register 1/1.

7.
The Examination of the Constant Martir of Christ, John Philpot
(1559), sigs. L3r–L4v.
Rerum in Ecclesia gestarum commentarii
(Basel, 1559).

8.
Roberts and Watson,
Catalogue
, p. 76. Confirmed by Dee's note in R&W, 273, Giovanni Battista Ramusio,
Navigationi et Viaggi
, 3 vols. Trinity College Dublin shelfmark DD. dd. 40, 41(Venice, 1563–5), vol. 3, fo. 148r.

9.
R&W, 1596, 1571, 1604.

10.
TNA SP 12/27/63.

11.
R&W, 678, 897, Johannes Trithemius,
Libellus Octo questionum
(Cologne, 1534), question 3.

12.
Jim Reeds, ‘Solved: The Ciphers in Book III of Trithemius's
Steganographia
’,
Cryptologia
, vol. 22, 4 (1998), pp. 291–317; Thomas Ernst, ‘The Numerical-Astrological Ciphers in the third book of Trithemius's Steganographia’,
Cryptologia
, vol. 22, 4 (1998), pp. 318–41.

13.
TNA SP 12/27/63; CR, p. 507. See BL MS Sloane 2006.

14.
R&W, 978, Jacques Gohory,
De usu et mysteriis notarum liber, in quo vetusta literarum et numerorum ac divinorum ex Sibylla nominum ratio explicatur
(Paris, 1550); Clulee,
Dee's Natural Philosophy
, p. 88; Paolo Rossi,
Logic and the Art of Memory
, tr. Stephen Clucas (Chicago, 2000), pp. 62–3.

15.
R&W, 1846; Robert J. Wilkinson, ‘Immanuel Tremellius’ 1569 Edition of the Syriac New Testament’,
Journal of Ecclesiastical History
, 58 (1), January 2007, pp. 9–25 at pp. 11–13.

16.
CR, p. 528;
MH
, pp. 85–6, 137.

17.
Ibid., pp. 127, 123.

18.
Guillaume Postel,
De La République des Turcs
(Paris, 1561), title page.

19.
Roberts and Watson,
Catalogue
, p. 11; Nicholas Clulee, ‘John Dee and the Paracelsians’, in Allen G. Debus and Michael T. Walton, eds,
Reading the Book of Nature: The Other Side of the Scientific Revolution
(St Louis, MO, 1998), pp. 111–132, at pp. 113–14; R&W, 1461–1523, 2221–2275; Walter Pagel,
Paracelsus: An Introduction to Philosophical Medicine in the Renaissance
, 2nd ed., rev. (Basel, 1986), pp. 63–4; Charles Webster,
Paracelsus: Medicine, Magic and Mission at the End of Time
(New Haven and London, 2008).

20.
R&W, 1476.

21.
Clulee,
Dee's Natural Philosophy
, p. 123; R&W, 1448, Gesner's alchemical
Secret Remedies
bought in 1556.

22.
R&W, D2, 482, 1620, 700.

23.
Dee's note in Ramusio,
Navigationi et viaggi
(Venice, 1563–5), vol. 3, fo. 148; R&W, 1419; Catholic Record Society,
Miscellanea
, vol. 7 (1911), pp. 52–3.

24.
Johannes Voerthusius,
Academiae veteris et novae ad Maximilianum Austrium II, in coronatione Francofurtensi gratulationis ergo legatio
(Frankfurt, 1563), p. 24.

25.
Marjorie Reeves,
The Influence of Prophecy in the Later Middle Ages: A Study in Joachimism
(Oxford, 1969), ch. VI; Marie Tanner,
The Last Descendants of Aeneas, the Habsburgs and the Mythic Image of the Emperor
(New Haven and London, 1993),
passim
.

26.
Wilkinson,
Orientalism, Aramaic and Kabbalah
, p. 97, n. 11; Wilkinson,
Kabbalistic Scholars
, p. 87.

27.
MH
, pp. 117–21, 133–7, 149.

28.
MH
, pp. 119–23; Clulee,
Dee's Natural Philosophy
, pp. 77–142, and Clulee, ‘The
Monas hieroglyphica
and the Alchemical Thread of John Dee's Career’,
Ambix
, 52, 3 (Nov. 2005), pp. 197–215.

29.
Clulee,
Dee's Natural Philosophy,
p. 84; Christopher I. Lehrich,
The Language of Demons and Angels: Cornelius Agrippa's Occult Philosophy
(Leiden, 2003), pp. 117–19; Peter Adamson,
Al-Kindi
(Oxford, 2006), p. 189.

30.
Marjorie Reeves,
Joachim of Fiore and the Prophetic Future
(Stroud, 1999), pp. 6–8;
MP
, sig. *.j.v, fo. 2v.

31.
Reeves,
Joachim of Fiore and the Prophetic Future
, passim, and Reeves,
Influence of Prophecy
, pp. 293–392.

32.
R&W, 1271 (1531), 742 (1550), 743 (1559).

33.
Agrippa,
Occult Philosophy
, ii, 19, pp. 232–4; M. Thick,
Sir Hugh Plat: The Search for Useful Knowledge in Early Modern London
(Totnes, 2010), p. 185.

34.
Robert Record,
Ground of Arts
(1561), opposite sig. A1r.

35.
Agrippa,
Occult Philosophy
, ii, 2, p. 171.

36.
Ibid., i, p. 74; Lehrich,
Agrippa's Occult Philosophy
, pp. 134–5.

37.
Agrippa,
Occult Philosophy
, i, pp. 74, 161–2.

38.
Ibid., pp. 136–40.

39.
Agrippa,
Occult Philosophy
, ii, 4, pp. 175–6.

40.
MH
, pp. 127, 123.

41.
MH
, pp. 133–7; Michael T. Walton, ‘Robert Boyle, “The Sceptical Chymist” and Hebrew’, in Gerhild Scholz Williams and Charles D. Gunnoe, eds,
Paracelsian Moments: Science, Medicine and Astrology in Early Modern Europe
(Kirksville, MO, 2002), p. 192.

42.
MH
, pp. 145–7.

43.
Clulee,
Dee's Natural Philosophy
, p. 92; Leonard Digges,
A Boke named Techtonicon
(1556), sig. E4r;
MH
, pp. 121–3, 127, 133.

44.
Ibid., pp. 135–7.

45.
Ibid., pp. 155–9.

46.
MH
, pp. 159–61, 169; see below, pp. 151–2.

47.
MH
, pp. 165–7.

48.
MH
, pp. 169–73, 213; cf.
MP
, sig. *3v, and see below, pp. 253–4.

49.
Margaret C. Jacob,
Strangers Nowhere in the World: The Rise of Cosmopolitanism in Early Modern Europe
(Philadelphia, PA, 2006), ch. 1.

50.
MH
, pp. 185–7.

Chapter 6: ‘The Great Conjuror’

1.
CR, p. 509.

2.
Norman L. Jones, ‘Defining Superstitions: Treasonous Catholics and the Act against Witchcraft of 1563’, in Charles Carlton et al., eds,
State, Sovereigns and Society in Early Modern England: Essays in Honour of A.J. Slavin
(New York, 1998), pp. 187–203.

3.
HEHL MSS EL 2652, fo. 13r, EL 2768, fo. 21v; Jones, ‘Defining Superstitions’, nn. 22–3.

4.
Ibid., p. 194.

5.
Ian Archer and Simon Adams, eds, ‘A “Journal” of matters of State … from and before the death of king Edw. The 6th until the yere 1562’, in Ian Archer et al., eds,
Religion, Politics and Society in Sixteenth-century England
(Camden Society, 5th ser., vol. 22, Cambridge, 2003), pp. 52–122, at p. 100.

6.
Jones, ‘Defining Superstitions’, p. 191.

7.
CSP Spanish, xiv, 1558–1567
, p. 260.

8.
CPR Elizabeth I
, ii, p. 568, pardon 20 July 1563;
CPR Elizabeth I
, iii, p. 337, grant 7 December 1564;
CPR Elizabeth I
, iv, p. 210, lease replacing pension £36 p.a., 11 May 1568.

9.
TNA KB 8/40, partly echoed in ‘A “Journal” of matters of State’, ed. Archer and Adams, p. 71 and n. 91, but contrast
CSP Spanish, xiv, 1558–1567
, p. 331.

10.
BL MS Lansdowne 102, fo. 20r–v, Cecil to Smith, 13 November 1562.

11.
CSP Spanish, xiv, 1558–1567
, p. 293.

12.
T.E. Hartley,
Proceedings in the Parliaments of Elizabeth I
, 3 vols. (Leicester, 1981), i, p. 71.

13.
CPR Elizabeth I
, iv, pp. 63–4; BL MS Lansdowne 102, fo. 18r, Cecil to Smith, 14 January 1563;
CSP Spanish, xiv, 1558–1567
, pp. 278–9, 285–7; Stephen Alford,
The Early Elizabethan Polity: William Cecil and the British Succession Crisis
(Cambridge, 1998), pp. 104–13.

14.
TNA SP 12/27, fo. 140r.

15.
5 Eliz., c. 3.

16.
CPR Elizabeth I
, iv, pp. 63–4; BL MS Lansdowne 102/12, Cecil to Smith, 27 February 1563. Elizabeth refused to settle the succession, so Cecil and other Councillors tried in March to legislate for a prerogative council to rule in an interregnum (Alford,
Early Elizabethan Polity
, pp. 111–13).