The Arch Conjuror of England (53 page)

38.
MH
, pp. 109, 141, 119, 135.

39.
R.J.W. Evans,
Rudolf II and His World
(Oxford, 1973), p. 201; BLO MS Ashmole 1789, fo. 56r–v,
Memorials
, sig. e*1v.

40.
BLO MS Ashmole 1789, fos. 51v–52r; cf.
Memorials
, sig. d2v–4r.

41.
BLO MS Ashmole 1789, fo. 58v;
Memorials
, sigs. e*4v, G4r; BL MS Sloane 3846, fo. 114v.

42.
BLO MS Ashmole 1789, fo. 102v;
Memorials
, p. 60.

43.
Ibid., p. 54.

44.
See BLO MS Ashmole 57, Dee's 1577 transcription of Thomas Norton's ‘Ordinall of Alchemy'; C. Nicholl,
The Chemical Theatre
(London, 1980), pp. 18, 245 n. 88; BLO MS Ashmole 1421, fos. 167v, 172r–v. See above, pp. 84–6, on alchemy at Court and Gilbert.

45.
Memorials
, p. 62, with a manicule (pointing hand) emphasising the point. Roberts and Watson,
Catalogue
, p. 219, index under ‘Khalid’, refers to works read in 1551 and 1556. Khalid's treatise appeared in
The mirror of alchimy, composed by the thrice famous and learned Fryer, Roger Bachon
(London, 1597), pp. 28–53.

46.
Samuel Purchas,
Hakluytus posthumus or Purchas his pilgrimes
, 5 vols. (London, 1625), i, p. 9.

47.
Ibid., i, pp. 38–42.

48.
Memorials
, sigs. e4v, e.*1r; Dee to Abraham Ortelius, 16 Jan. 1577, in J.H. Hessels, ed.,
Ecclesiae Londino-Batavae archivum tomus primus Abrahami Ortelii … epistolae
(Cambridge, 1887), pp. 157–60.

49.
BL MS Sloane 3188, fo. 8r–v.

50.
BL MS Add. 36674, fo. 176v.

51.
Memorials
, sig. H2r, not in Bodleian MS Ashmole 1789, fo. 101v; BL MS Harley 167, fos. 183–200, Jupiter symbol at fo. 183r.

Chapter 11: Rehabilitating ‘The Arch-Conjuror’

1.
BLO MS Ashmole 1789, fo. 60r;
Memorials
, p. 2.

2.
Hammer, ‘The Uses of Scholarship’, pp. 26–51; G.D. Ramsay, ed.,
The Politics of a Tudor Merchant Adventurer: A Letter to the Earls of East Friesland
(Manchester, 1979), pp. 12–19.

3.
BL MS Cotton Charter XIII.39.

4.
BLO MS Ashmole 1789, fo. 65v;
Memorials
, p. 8.

5.
BLO MS Ashmole 1789, fos. 63v, 67r, 66v;
Memorials
, pp. 6, 9–10, 9.

6.
BLO MS Ashmole 1789, fos. 77r, 101r;
Memorials
, pp. 21, 58.

7.
5 Elizabeth, c. 5, reviving 1 & 2 Philip and Mary, c. 5;
APC
, vii, pp. 223, 258, 260–1, 270, 303, 309, 325; and the proclamation of 6 June 1575 (TNA SP12/103/56).

8.
M.F. Lloyd Prichard, ed.,
Original Papers Regarding Trade in England and Abroad Drawn up by John Keymer
(New York, 1967), p. 42.

9.
TNA SP 12/105/83, in Hughes and Larkin,
Tudor Royal Proclamations
, ii, pp. 395–8; A. Hassell Smith et al., eds,
The Papers of Nathaniel Bacon of Stiffkey
, 5 vols. (Norwich, 1979–2000), i, pp. 206–7, 224–31.

10.
G.R. Elton, ‘Piscatorial Politics in the Early Parliaments of Elizabeth I’, in N. McKendrick and R.B. Outhwaite, eds,
Business Life and Public Policy
(Cambridge, 1986), pp. 1–20; Sherman,
Dee
, pp. 159–67; BLO MS Ashmole 487, 6 July 1579.

11.
BLO MS Ashmole 1789, fos. 97v–98r;
Memorials
, pp. 54–5.

12.
BLO MS Ashmole 1789, slip inserted between fos. 96 and 97;
Memorials
, p. 53.

13.
E.H. Kossman and A.F. Mellinck, eds,
Texts Concerning the Revolt of the Netherlands
(Cambridge, 1974), pp. 126–32; Parker,
Philip II
, pp. 122–7.

14.
For example, TNA SP 12/108/82, SP 12/24/70, SP 15/24/70;
Certein letters
, sig. b6r, on the Spanish ‘contempt of her Majesty's honour’.

15.
TNA SP 12/107/52,
CSP Foreign, Elizabeth, 1575–7
, pp. 259, 263, 269–70, 310–11; Kervyn de Lettenhove,
Relations politiques
, viii, pp. 236–7, 250, 340.

16.
Ibid., pp. 316–19, printing BL MS Cotton Galba C. V, fos. 292–3;
APC
, ix, pp. 133, 155–6, reiterated on 12 August (p. 183).

17.
TNA SP 12/108/23.

18.
TNA SP 12/107/52; SP 12/108/67, p. 7, with Burghley's careful corrections.

19.
BLO MS Ashmole 1789, fo. 61v.

20.
Edward Chester in mid-July was ordered to prevent William of Orange from doubting ‘that revenge for these outrages would follow’ (Kervyn de Lettenhove,
Relations politiques
, viii, p. 413, in
CSP Foreign, Elizabeth, 1575–7
, pp. 352–3).

21.
Kervyn de Lettenhove,
Relations politiques
, viii, pp. 340, 318–19; William Herle assured the Dutch of Burghley's ‘inward affection’ when the crisis erupted (
CSP Foreign, Elizabeth, 1575–7
, p. 276).

22.
TNA SP 12/108/23; SP 12/108/24; SP 12/108/34; SP 12/108/38, 73.

23.
TNA SP 12/45, p. 61; Murdin,
Collection of
state papers
, ii, pp. 296–9; Kervyn de Lettenhove,
Relations politiques
, viii, pp. 423–8; HMC
Salisbury
, ii, p. 143; Hatfield House MS CP 9/19;
CSP Spanish
, xv, 1568–79, p. 533.

24.
TNA SP 12/109/7;
APC
, ix, p. 183, 12 August 1576.

25.
CSP Foreign, Elizabeth, 1575–7
, pp. 400–1.

26.
William Herle to Edward Chester, 7 August 1576, Hatfield House MS CP 9/19, in Murdin,
Collection of state papers
, ii, p. 299; Kervyn de Lettenhove,
Relations politiques
, viii, p. 427.

27.
John Bossy, ‘English Catholics and the French Marriage’,
Recusant History
, 5 (1959), pp. 2–16; D.C. Peck, ed.,
Leicester's Commonwealth: The Copy of a Letter Written by a Master of Art of Cambridge (1584) and Related Documents
(Athens, OH, and London, 1985), pp. 15–18; Thomas M. McCoog, ‘The English Jesuit Mission and the French Match, 1579–81’,
Catholic Historical Review
, 87, 2 (2001), pp. 185–213.

28.
P. Collinson,
The Elizabethan Puritan Movement
(London, 1967), pp. 168–83, 191–6; Lake, ‘Edmund Grindal and Cuthbert Mayne’, pp. 132–5.

29.
Collinson,
Archbishop Grindal
, chs. 14, 15; Lake, ‘Edmund Grindal and Cuthbert Mayne’, pp. 132–4.

30.
Collinson, ‘The Downfall of Archbishop Grindal and its Place in Elizabethan Political and Religious History’, in his
Godly People
(London, 1983), ch. 14; W. Nicholson, ed.,
The Remains of Edmund Grindal
(Cambridge, 1843), pp. 376–90.

31.
Collinson, ‘The Downfall of Archbishop Grindal'; Lake, ‘Edmund Grindal and Cuthbert Mayne’, pp. 140–1.

32.
BL MS Cotton Vitellius C. VII, fo. 5r, CR, p. 511; Charles W. Foster, ed.,
Lincoln Episcopal Records, in the Time of Thomas Cooper, Bishop of Lincoln 1571 to 1584
(Canterbury and York Society, London, 1913), p. 140.

33.
BLO MS Ashmole 1789, fo. 52r,
Memorials
, sig.
3v.

34.
John Foxe,
Actes and Monuments
(1570), pp. 1,979, 1,988, 1,871, cf.
idem
(1576), pp. 1,744, 1,462, printing Foxe's personal changes in BL MS Harley 419, fo. 133r–v.

35.
BLO MS Ashmole 1789, fo. 52v, cf.
Memorials
, sig.
4v.

36.
Actes and Monuments
(1576), pp. 1,704, 1,711, 1,720–1.

37.
Ibid., pp. 1,744–5.

38.
Elizabeth Evenden,
Patents, Pictures and Patronage: John Day and the Tudor Book Trade
(Aldershot and Burlington, VT, 2008), pp. 148–51.

39.
See the next chapter.

40.
BLO MS Ashmole 1789, fos. 51v–52r,
Memorials
sig.
2v–4r, G4r.

41.
R&W, 251, Roberts and Watson,
Catalogue
, p. 85.

42.
Arthur J. Slavin, ‘Daniel Rogers in Copenhagen, 1588: Mission and Memory’, in Malcolm R. Thorp and Arthur J. Slavin, eds,
Politics, Religion and Diplomacy in Early Modern Europe
, in
Sixteenth-Century Essays and Studies
, vol. 27 (Kirksville, MO, 1994), pp. 245–66, at pp. 256–7; Kervyn de Lettenhove,
Relations politiques
, ix, p. 243.

43.
Hessels, ed.,
Ortelius epistolae
, pp. 157–60. Ortelius visited Dee at Mortlake on 12 March 1577 (BLO MS Ashmole 487, 12 March 1577); Taylor, ‘A Letter dated 1577 from Mercator to John Dee’, p. 61.

44.
BL MS Cotton Galba C. VI, fo. 45v.

45.
Ibid., fos. 52r–56v, and see
CSP Foreign 1575–7
, pp. 582–5.

46.
Kervyn de Lettenhove,
Relations politiques
, ix, pp. 344–5; BL MS Cotton Galba C. V, fos. 372r–375v; Kervyn de Lettenhove,
Relations politiques
, vi, pp. 764–78;
Certein letters
, sig. b7r; ‘galleys and brigantines’ could patrol between the Dutch islands (John Hastings to Leicester and Burghley, 26 December 1575,
CSP Foreign, Elizabeth, 1575–7
, pp. 211–12).

47.
BLO MS Ashmole 487, 19 June 1577, ‘Mr Thomas Besbich told me his father is one of the cooks of the Court’.

48.
Memorials
, pp. 4, 35, 37–8, cf. TNA SP 12/118/12.I, in Quinn,
Enterprises of Sir Humphrey Gilbert
, p. 174.

49.
BL MS Cotton Vitellius C. VII, fo. 92v.

50.
Memorials
, pp. 43–50, sigs. F2r–G1v; BLO MS Ashmole 487, 26 May 1577.

51.
Kervyn de Lettenhove,
Relations politiques
, ix, pp. 459–61; HMC,
Salisbury
, ii, pp. 156–9.

52.
APC
, ix, p. 390; Lake, ‘Edmund Grindal and Cuthbert Mayne’, pp. 139–41.

53.
HEHL MS EL 6236; Bossy, ‘English Catholics and the French Marriage’, pp. 2–16.

54.
BLO MS Ashmole 487, August 1577;
Memorials
, sig. e4r. The undateable SP 12/288/57 emphasised Elizabeth's genealogical claims to much of Huguenot France, the Netherlands, Castile and Leon. Wallace T. MacCaffrey,
Queen Elizabeth and the Making of Policy, 1572–1588
(Princeton, 1981), p. 209; R.B. Wernham,
The Making of English Foreign Policy, 1558–1603
(Berkeley, 1980), p. 52; F.G. Oosterhoff,
Leicester and the Netherlands, 1586–1587
(Utrecht, 1988), pp. 29–34.

55.
BL MS Harley 249, fo. 95v, effectively summarising the title page illustration of
Memorials
.

56.
George Gascoigne,
The princely pleasures at the courte at Kenelwoorth
(London, 1576), in Nichols,
The Progresses of Queen Elizabeth
, i, pp. 485–523; Van Es,
Spenser's Forms of History
, pp. 153–60; Susan Frye,
Elizabeth I: The Competition for Representation
(Oxford, 1993), pp. 56–96.

57.
Roy Strong and J.A. Van Dorsten,
Leicester's Triumph
(Leiden and London, 1964), pp. 47–8, 50–9; Richard Tuck,
Philosophy and Government 1572–1651
(Cambridge, 1993), pp. 157, 261.