The Arch Conjuror of England (55 page)

29.
BLO MS Ashmole 487, May 1580; BL MS Cotton Vitellius C. VII, fos. 65v, 68r; BL MS Cotton Otho VIII, fo. 30, and BL MS Lansdowne 122, fo. 30r–v, Hakluyt,
Principall Navigations
(1589), pp. 455, 459; Burghley's Ortelius atlas (B/Ortelius) at Hatfield (Skelton and Summerson,
A Description of Maps … made by William Cecil
); Taylor, ed.,
A Regiment for the Sea
, pp. 415–33.

30.
BL MS Cotton Augustus I.i.1; BL MS Lansdowne 30, fo. 10r.

31.
Now in the Free Library of Philadelphia; Sherman, ‘Putting the British Seas on the Map’, pp. 1–10.

Chapter 14: ‘Misbegotten time’: Reforming the Calendar

1.
BLO MS Ashmole 487, June 1579, May 1581, March 1582, May 1582; BL MS Sloane 3188, fos. 9r, 10v, 12r, 51r, 102v–103r; TNA SP 81/7, fos. 140, 143–4r, SP 80/1, fo. 150v; Roberts and Watson,
Catalogue
, p. 85.

2.
Robert Poole,
Time's Alteration: Calendar Reform in Early Modern England
(London, 1998), pp. 38–40.

3.
BLO MS Ashmole 487, November–December 1582.

4.
David Cressy, ‘God's Time, Rome's Time, and the Calendar of the English Protestant Regime’,
Viator: Medieval and Renaissance Studies
, 34 (2003), pp. 392–406.

5.
BL MS Sloane 3188, fo. 47v; CR, p. 527; Kieckhefer,
Forbidden Rites
, pp. 75–8, gives similar examples.

6.
BL MS Sloane 3188, fos. 51r–v.

7.
BLO MS Ashmole 487, 24 November 1582. Halliwell,
Diary
, pp. 17–18, erroneously has ‘burn my books’. BL MS Sloane 3188 records no angelic revelations from late November 1582 to 23 March 1583.

8.
Probably Nicholaus Simius,
Ephemerides ab anno 1554 in annum 1568
(Venice, 1554), R&W, 637, bound with Sebastian Munster's
Horologiographia
(Basle, 1533), R&W, 636.

9.
CR, pp. 501, 529–31; Dee,
Parallaticae Commentationis Praxeosque Nucleus quidam
(London, 1573), with T. Digges,
Alae seu scalae mathematicae
(London, 1573).

10.
Gnomonices, libri octo, in quibus non solum horologiorum solarium, sed aliarum quoque rerum, quae ex gnomonis umbra cognosci possunt, descriptiones Geometrice demonstrantur
(Rome, 1581), R&W, 1798. Not found. Dee also owned Clavius's
Commentary on Euclid
(Rome, 1574), R&W, 1882. Not found.

11.
BLO MS Ashmole 487, 8 August 1579.

12.
He quoted Paul of Middelburg,
De rectae paschae celebratione
(1513), R&W, 133; Johannes Stofler,
Calendarium Romanum
(1518), R&W, 208; Petrus Pittati,
Calendarium
(Venice, 1537), R&W, 380; Lucae Lossius,
Calendarium syllabicum
(Wittenberg, 1551), R&W, 694; Petrus Pittati,
Compendium de Romani Calendarii instauratione
(Verona, 1560), R&W, 1862; ps. Roger Bacon, ‘Calendarium’, Corpus Christi College, Oxford, MS 221, R&W, M158 (a), missing.

13.
Calendarium Gregorianum perpetuum
(Venice, 1582), R&W, 1205, not found. Dee also owned an undated book from Paris,
De correctione calendarii Romani propositiones xiii collectae ex
multis disputationibus habilis per deputatos ad hoc specialiter
, R&W, 1900, not found;
CSP Foreign, xvi, 1582
, p. 435, n. 441, Cobham to Walsingham 4 November 1582. Walsingham borrowed the
Calendarium
for Burghley on 18 January 1583 (BLO MS Corpus Christi College, Oxford, 254, fo. 182r).

14.
BLO MS Ashmole 487, 26 February 1582; BLO MS Ashmole 1789, pp. 1–62, at p. 39. Walsingham's letter 18 January 1583 (BLO MS Corpus Christi College, Oxford [CCCO], 254, fo. 182r).

15.
BLO MS Ashmole 1789, pp. 1–32, 39, 59, geocentric illustrations. Dee owned at least two copies of Copernicus's
De revolutionibus
(Nuremberg, 1543), R&W, 220, perhaps for teaching, and George Joachim Rheticus's
Narratio prima de libris revolutionum Copernici
(Basle, 1541), R&W, 768; none extant.

16.
BLO MS Ashmole 1789, pp. 40–1, 61–2, 44–5.

17.
Ibid., pp. 63–4.

18.
Ibid., pp. 16, 50–6, 60. Dee did not necessarily conceive this religion as Protestant, despite Poole's claims (
Time's Alteration
, pp. 60, 63).

19.
BLO MS Ashmole 1789, p. 49.

20.
MP
, sig. B2r–v.

21.
BLO MS Ashmole 1789, p. 11.

22.
Even in Stephen Alford,
Burghley: William Cecil at the Court of Elizabeth I
(New Haven and London, 2008).

23.
BLO MS Don. c. 52, fo. 1r; BL MS Add. 14291, fo. 174r.

24.
BLO MS Corpus Christi College, Oxford, 254, fo. 161r; BL MS Lansdowne 39, fo. 28r.

25.
Margaret E. Aston, ‘The Fiery Trigon Conjunction: An Elizabethan Astrological Prediction’,
Isis
, 61 (1970), pp. 159–87, at pp. 160–2.

26.
Leowitz,
De coniunctionibus magnis insignioribus superiorum planetarum
, Cambridge University Library shelf mark R* 5 21(E), bought 1564, and sig. L3v; Evans,
Rudolf II and his World
, p. 221; James Sandford, ‘Epistle Dedicatorie’, in
Houres of Recreation
, (London, 1576), sigs. A5v–A6r.

27.
BL MS Add. 36674, fo. 176v; Poole,
Time's Alteration
, p. 48 and n. 15, could not explain the November deadline.

28.
R. Harvey,
An astrological discourse upon the great and notable coniunction of the two superiour planets, Saturne and Jupiter
(London, 1583), STC 12909.7, pp. 5, 36, 19, 38, acknowledging Dee's tuition at sig. A3r.

29.
J. Harvey,
An astrological addition or supplement to be annexed to the late discourse upon the great coniunction
(London, 1583), sigs. C5r–v, D3v, E5v. Harvey,
A discoursive probleme concerning prophecies against the terrible threatenings, and menaces, peremptorily denounced, against the kingdoms, and states of the world
(London, 1588), pp. 99–102, used Dee's recalculation of Trithemius's age of Anael.

30.
BLO MS Ashmole 487, 23–24 January 1583; ‘Hemisphaerii Borealis Geographica atque Hydrographica descriptio’, listed in CR, p. 526.

31.
TNA SP 15/28 Part I/53.

32.
TNA SP 15/28 Part I/54.

33.
BLO MS Ashmole 487, 11 February 1583; definition from Julius Firmicus,
Ad Mavortium Lollianum Astronomicon lib. VIII. per N. Prucknerum … ab innumeris mendis vindicati
(Basle, 1533), R&W, 251; Lucas Gauricus,
De nativitatibus
(Venice, 1551), ch. 5, R&W, 539; Girolamo Cardano,
Libelli quinque
, Bk. 5, astrological charts nos. 22, 23, 24, 28, 29, 41, R&W, 440.

34.
BL MS Lansdowne 39, fo. 28r–v. Burghley's detailed notes, BL MS Lansdowne 109, fo. 65r, others Lansdowne 103, fos. 29r–37r.

35.
Ibid., fo. 28r–v, Dee's petition BLO MS CCCO 254, fo. 161r.

36.
Ibid., fo. 184r–v.

37.
Ibid., fo. 182r; CR, p. 523.

38.
BLO MS CCCO 254, fo. 182r; BL MS Sloane 3188, fo. 67v.

39.
BLO MS Ashmole 487, 18 April 1583; TNA C 47/34/6, E 164/36.

40.
BL MS Sloane 3188, fos. 65r, 66v, cf. TNA SP 15/28 Part I/54.

41.
BL MS Sloane 3188, fo. 65r.

42.
Poole,
Time's Alteration
, p. 53; Burghley,
The Execution of Justice in England for maintenaunce of publique and Christian peace
(London, 1583), sigs. C4r–v, D1r, B1r, A3v.

43.
Ibid., sigs. D4v, D2v.

44.
Question in Poole,
Time's Alteration
, pp. 54, 52.

45.
Patrick Collinson, ‘Elizabeth I (1533–1603)’,
ODNB
, also published as Patrick Collinson,
Elizabeth I
(Oxford, 2007).

46.
BL MS Add. 32092, fo. 26r, printed from BL MS Add. 14291, fo. 174r in
The Gentleman's Magazine
, xxxvi (1851), p. 453.

47.
Poole,
Time's Alteration
, p. 52, dates TNA SP 12/160/28 28 April, but ‘April’ was the nineteenth-century Record Office speculation, as in another copy, SP 12/145, pp. 116–18.

48.
BL MS Add. 32092, fo. 26r, printed from BL MS Add. 14291, fo. 174r, in
The Gentleman's Magazine
, p. 453.

49.
Poole,
Time's Alteration
, p. 52, claims the proclamation countered their objections. It merely asserts their agreement and ignores their criticisms.

50.
BL MS Add. 32092, fo. 26r–v, printed from BL MS Add. 14291, fo. 174r–v, in
The Gentleman's Magazine
, pp. 453–4.

51.
BL MS Add. 32092, fo. 28r, printed from BL MS Add. 14291, fo. 176r, in
The Gentleman's Magazine
, p. 454.

52.
Collinson,
Grindal
, pp. 236–46; Peter Lake, ‘“The Monarchical Republic of Queen Elizabeth I” (and the Fall of Archbishop Grindal) Revisited’, in John F. McDiarmid, ed.,
The Monarchical Republic of Early Modern England: Essays in Response to Patrick Collinson
(Aldershot, 2007), pp. 129–47; Nicholson, ed.,
Remains of Edmund Grindal
, p. 387.

53.
BL MS Lansdowne 39, fo. 28r–v.

54.
Thomas Cooper,
Cooper's Chronicle
(London, 1560, 1565).

55.
Cooper,
Certaine sermons vvherin is contained the defense of the gospell nowe preached
(London, 1580), pp. 47, 80.

56.
C.W. Foster, ed.,
Lincoln Episcopal Records in the Time of Thomas Cooper, S.T.P.
(Canterbury and York Society, vol. 11, Lincoln, 1912), pp. 201, 140.

57.
T[homas] C[ooper],
An admonition to the people of England wherein are answered, not onely the slaunderous vntruethes, reprochfully vttered by Martin the libeler
(London, 1589), pp. 209, 73.

58.
TNA SP 12/16/49; Hughes and Larkin,
Tudor Royal Proclamations
, ii, p. 126, Article 32 of the ‘Injunctions for Religion'; CR, p. 511.

59.
CR, pp. 510–12; BLO MS Ashmole 487, 1580–1. In November 1579 he turned down Lord Clinton's offer of another Lincolnshire living for Long Leadenham (ibid.); ibid., July 1581.

60.
Ibid., June 1582; Collinson,
Grindal
, pp. 249–50.

61.
CR, pp. 511–12.

62.
Foster, ed.,
Lincoln Episcopal Records
, pp. 216, 201 n. 68.

63.
CR, p. 512. He also lost Upton-upon-Severn during his time in Europe.

64.
Foster, ed.,
Lincoln Episcopal Records
, pp. 216, 201 n. 68. Lange first appears in Leadenham in 1570, and held the living until his death in March 1607 (Lincolnshire Archives Office, Leadenham Parish Register 1/1).

65.
CR, p. 512.

66.
Nicholson, ed.,
Remains of Edmund Grindal
, pp. 226–7.

67.
See above, pp. 64–6, and
The Gentleman's Magazine
, xxxvi (1851), pp. 453–4.

68.
BL MS Add. 32092, fos. 29–33, printed from BL MS Add. 14291, fos. 175r–178v, in
The Gentleman's Magazine
, xxxvi (1851), pp. 456–8.

69.
Journal of the House of Lords
, ii, pp. 99–102.

70.
Collinson,
Grindal
, pp. 276–8.

71.
BL MS Sloane 3188, fos. 67r–v, 79v.

72.
Ibid., fo. 91r, 20 April 1583.

73.
‘quod defertur non aufertur’, BLO MS Ashmole 487, 18 April 1583; BL MS Sloane 3188, fo. 89r.

74.
Though Raleigh obtained the ‘royalties’ for himself, Gilbert and Davis by early 1584 (TNA SP 15/28/55).

75.
See above, p. 89, on the mining lease. BLO MS Ashmole 487, 13 May 1583; BL MS Sloane 3188, fos. 90v, 106v.

76.
Casaubon,
True Relation
, pp. 27–8.

77.
John Foxe,
Actes and Monuments
(London, 1583), pp. 1,577–8, 1,5817.

Chapter 15: Called to a King's Office: Laski and the Second Coming

1.
BLO MS Ashmole 487, 18 March 1583.

2.
W.A. Bradley, ed.,
The Correspondence of Sidney and Languet
(Boston, 1912), pp. 7, 13.

3.
Casaubon,
True Relation
, p. 1.

4.
CSP Spain (Simancas), iii, 1580–6
(London, 1896), p. 463, Mendoza to Philip II, 22 April 1583. On the apocalypse, see above, pp. 151–2.

5.
BL MS Lansdowne 35, fo. 191r; Konstanty Zantuan, ‘Olbracht Laski in Elizabethan England: An Episode in the History of Culture’,
The Polish Review
, 13, 4 (1968), pp. 5, 13.

6.
Hatton to Burghley in Nicolas,
Memoirs of Hatton
, pp. 326–7;
CSP Foreign, January–June 1583
(London, 1913), p. 667;
CSP Foreign, July 1583–July 1584
(London, 1914), p. 7; Norman Davies,
God's Playground: A History of Poland. Vol. 1: The Origins to 1795
(Oxford, 1981), p. 425.

7.
Burghley to Hatton in Nicolas,
Memoirs of Hatton
, p. 325.

8.
John Ferne,
The Blazon of Gentrie: devided into two parts. The first named the Glorie of Generositie. The second, Lacyes Nobilitie
(London, 1586), sig. Aa3r;
CSP Venetian
, viii, pp. 59–60.

9.
BL MS Lansdowne 35, fo. 191r;
CSP Venetian
, viii, p. 59;
Holinshed's Chronicles
(1587), pp. 1,354–5; Camden,
Annals
(1635), p. 253.

10.
Thomas Birch,
Memoirs of the Reign of Queen Elizabeth I
(London, 1754), pp. 30–1.

11.
BL MS Sloane 3188, fos. 103v, 107r; Zantuan, ‘Olbracht Laski’, p. 5.

12.
Casaubon,
True Relation
, p. 1.

13.
CSP Spanish (Simancas), iii, 1580–6
, p. 463, no. 331 and n. 3.

14.
CSP Foreign, January–June 1583
, p. 341, Cobham to Walsingham, Paris, 11 May 1583.

15.
CSP Foreign, 1578
, p. 604, 1 March 1578;
CSP Spanish (Simancas), iii, 1580–6
, pp. 379–82, Mendoza to Philip, 29 June 1582; ibid., no. 275, Mendoza to Philip, 11 July 1582.