The Coming of the Third Reich (110 page)

death penalty
see
capital punishment

Declaration of Papal Infallibility (1871)

Defence League

democracy

collapse of (1917-33)

conflict-ridden

and militarism

as the Allies’ war aim (1914-18)

rejection of

Weimar

parliamentary

student disillusion

liberal

and the judiciary

and business

bourgeois

Furtwängler’s distrust of

Goebbels on

‘democratic centralism’

Democrats (later the State Party) see German Democratic Party

Denizens’ Defence Force

Denmark

depression (1873)

Depression (1929-33)

Dessau

Detmold

Deutschland, Deutschland über Alles
(‘Germany, Germany before all’)

devaluation

Dickel, Otto
The Resurrection of the West

Diels, Rudolf

Dietrich, Hermann

Dietrich, Marlene

Dietrich, Otto

Dingeldey, Eduard

disarmament

Disraeli, Benjamin

Dix, Otto

Döblin, Alfred

Berlin Alexanderplatz
(novel)

Doesberg, Theo van

Dollfuss, Engelbert

Dortmund

Dostoevsky, Fyodor

Double Indemnity
(film)

Dr Mabuse the Gambler
(film)

drama

Dresden

Dresden Academy

Dresden State Opera

Dresden Technical University

Drexler, Anton

Dreyfus affair

Droysen, Gustav von

duelling corps

Duesterberg, Theodor

Dühring, Eugen

Duisburg

Dürrgoy

Düsseldorf

East Africa

East Elbia

Eastern Europe, Hitler intends to invade

Eastern Front

Eastern Hanover

‘Eastern Jews’

Eberstein, Friedrich Karl Freiherr von

Ebert, Friedrich

Eckart, Dietrich

economic pressure-groups

Economy Party

education

Ehrhardt, Captain Hermann

Einstein, Albert

Einstein, Alfred

Eisleben

Eisler, Hanns

Eisner, Kurt

Eldorado club, Berlin

elections

of 1912

high turnout rates

Reichstag (1924)

Presidential (1925)

Reichstag (1928)

municipal (1929)

Reichstag (1930)

Presidential (1932)

state elections (1932)

Prussian (April 1932)

Reichstag (July 1932)

Reichstag (November 1932)

student union (1932-3)

regional

Reichstag (5 March 1933)

Prussian (12 March 1933)

Nazi vote in Reichstag elections 1924-33

electrical energy

embezzlement

emigration

of Jews

of film directors/stars

employment

full

job-creation programme

Enabling Act

Engels, Friedrich:
Anti-Dühring

‘Enlightened Absolutism’

Epstein, Klaus

Erzberger, Matthias

Esser, Hermann

Estonia

eugenics, eugenicists

Eupen

Europe

dictatorships of the age

Bolshevization of

‘euthanasia’, involuntary

execution

of the ‘valueless’

see also
capital punishment; ‘euthanasia’

Expressionism

extortion

Falkenhayn, Erich von

family

far right

‘Combat Leagues’

exploits financial scandals

and universities

‘Farm Aid’ programme

fascism

Italian

and capitalism

Fatherland Party

Faulhaber, Cardinal Michael

Fechenbach, Felix

Feder, Gottfried

Federal Council

Federation of German Women’s Associations

Femina bar, Berlin

feminism

Feuchtwanger, Lion

The Oppenheims

Success

‘Fighting Leagues’

Film Week
magazine

First Reich

First World War

German obsession with world power

cataclysmic impact of

destroys the old order

outbreak of

German expansion in

early German victories

Armistice

myth of the ‘front generation’

legitimizes violence

wartime debts

Remarque’s book

war deaths

Hitler gassed during war service

Galen and

Dix’s portrayal of the trenches

Fischer, Fritz

flags

black-white-red national flag of Bismarckian Reich

black-red-gold flag of the Republic

‘Blood Flag’

Nazi

food prices

food riots

Ford Motor Company

‘Fordism’

Foreign Office

Förster, Elisabeth

Forwards
(
Vorwärts
) newspaper

‘Fourteen Points’

Fraenkel, Eduard

Fraenkel, Ernst

France

Church-state conflict

Dreyfus affair

economic exploitation in First World War

First World War compensation

reparations bill after, 1870-71 war

occupation of the Ruhr

black French colonial troops

Franck, Francisco

Franck, James

Franco-Prussian War

François-Poncet, André

Franconia

Franconian Press
(
Fränkische Presse
)

Frank, Hans

Frankfurt

Frankfurt Conservatory

Frankfurt Newspaper
(
Frankfurter Zeitung
)

Frankfurt Parliament (1848)

Franz Ferdinand, Archduke

Franz Josef, Habsburg

‘Free Cities’

‘Free Conservatives’

Free Corps

heavily armed paramilitary bands

hatred of the 1918 Revolution

secret assassination squads

summary executions by

Kapp putsch (1920)

and novels

invades Munich (1919)

use of swastika symbol

Epp Free Corps

Goring and

Hoss in

Bormann in

cult of violence

murders Communist leaders (1918-19)

brutal suppression of the 1918-19 Revolution

new public-order force

Heines in

freedom of assembly and association

freedom of expression

freedom of the press

Freemasonry

Frei, Norbert

Freiburg University

French Revolution (1789)

Freud, Sigmund

Frick, Wilhelm

Friedrich Wilhelm, Crown Prince

Friedrichshain district, Berlin

Friedrichsruh

Fritsch, Theodor

Handbook on the Jewish Question

Fritsche, Hans

Führer
term

Fulda Bishops’ Conference (1 June 1933)

Furtwangler, Wilhelm

Galen, Graf Clemens August von, Catholic Bishop of Münster

Garibaldi, Giuseppe

Gayl, Wilhelm Freiherr von

Gebsattel, Konstantin von

General German League
see
Pan-German League

General Motors

General Student Unions

‘General Will’

genetics

George, Stefan

Gerecke, Gunther

German air force

German army

free of political control

powers and privileges

right of non-commissioned officers to a job in state employment

new forms of popular militarism

professionalization of the officer corps

new military technology

ruthlessness in the German Empire

polarization of opinion over its role in society

early victories in First World War

relentless pressure of

‘stabbed in the back’ claim

war crimes issue

conscription

Versailles restrictions

myth of the ‘front generation’

desertions at the end of the war

many pushed to the far right

and the Weimar Republic

General Staff

Reinhardt ousted in favour of right-wing Seeckt

and literature

Jews in

budget

trial of junior officers (1930)

believes it can control Nazis

newly prominent political position

rearmament

conservatives’ programme

neutrality

Hitler’s promises

German Boxing Association

German cabinet: records of meetings

German Cinema Owners’ Association

GermanServants’ League

German Colonial Society

German Communist Party

formed (1918)

and Social Democrats

Red Front-Fighters’ League set up

and a Red Army of workers

abortive uprising in Hamburg (1923)

representation in the Reichstag

returns from moderate to ‘leftist’ position

efforts to bring the Republic down

puritanical view of personal relationships

and education

and Bolshevik regime in Munich

von Hentig and

and capitalism

and Nazi Party membership

Nazi hatred of

attempts to mobilize the unemployed

national membership

‘committees of the unemployed’

street-based events

Thälmann leads

short of resources

in 1930 elections

and Wessel

brownshirt attack on headquarters

statistics of clashes with Nazis

July 1932 Reichstag elections

hammer and sickle symbol

November 1932 Reichstag elections

suppression of

Central Committee

searches of its premises

relative inaction of

Reichstag fire

effectively removed

March 1933 elections

membership treated as treasonable

banned (fromMarch 1933)

property reassigned

press banned

concentration camp warning

torture of

May Day, 1933

destroyed in an orgy of violence

Nazi determination to destroy it
see also
Communism

German Confederation

succeeds the Holy Roman Reich

and the 1848 Revolution

collapse of

Austria expelled

German Conservative Party

antisemitic Tivoli conference (1893)

and Christian Social movement

and Pan-Germans

backs German Fatherland Party

and Nationalists

turnover in membership
see also
conservatism

German Democratic Party

German Dye Trust

German fleet

German Gymnastics League German High Seas Fleet

German Judges’ Confederation

German League for the Prevention of the Emancipation of Women

German medical science

‘German Michel’

German Nationalist Commercial Employees’ Union

German navy

construction of a massive battle fleet

mutiny

effectively dismantled

German Newspaper Publishers’ Association

German People’s Party
see
People’s Party

German Reich

proclaimed at Versailles

‘German Reich’ name

constitution

formed by military force and action

rise to economic might and Great Power status

expectations of

centralization
see also
Wilhelmine Reich

German Revolution (1848)

German Revolution (1918-19)

German School Association (later Association for Germandom Abroad)

German South-West Africa (now Namibia)

German Wireless Service

German Women’s Order

German Workers’ Party

German-Racial Defence and Defiance League

German-Socialist Party

Germania
(Centre Party’s newspaper)

Germanic Order

Germanization

Germany

leads Europe into moral, physical and cultural ruin

unification (1864-71)

capitalism

advanced culture and society

economy

strong liberal and democratic traditions

compared with Russia before the First World War

authoritarian monarchy

compared with nineteenth-century Italy

‘struggle for culture’

population

optimistic on outbreak of First World War

expansion in First World War

Armistice

Versailles Treaty terms

collapse of Reich created by Bismarck

Kapp putsch (March 1920)

inflation

crime wave

war deaths

‘fulfilment’ policy

putsch attempt (1923)

clashes with Italy over South Tyrol

attempted customs union with Austria

budgetary deficit

end of parliamentary democracy

German society put on a permanent war footing

becomes a one-party state

Gershwin, George

Gessler, Otto

Girmann, Ernst

Glaeser, Ernst

Glauer, Adam (‘Baron von Sebottendorf’)

Gobineau, Joseph Arthur de

Gobineau Society

Goebbels, Paul Joseph

diaries

background and education

club foot

personality

becomes Nazi Party organizer in the Rhineland

an effective orator

articles for the Nazi press

disagreements with Hitler

devotion to Hitler

Regional Leader of Berlin

1928 elections

avoids legal responsibility for violence

appointed propaganda chief

1930 elections

and Horst Wessel

Stennes forces him to flee to Munich

the 1932 Presidential election

on failure of ‘the reds’

July 1931 Reichstag elections

November 1932 Reichstag elections

arranges torchlit parade in Berlin

Reichstag fire

Reichstag elections of March 1933