The Coming of the Third Reich (111 page)

and ‘government of the nationalist uprising’

and May Day

and trade unions

‘We are the masters of Germany’ boast

on the Social Democrats

demands Centre Party’s dissolution

celebrates Nazi monopoly of power

and music

admits to terrorization

defines propaganda

becomes Minister for Popular Enlightenment and Propaganda

runs the Party Propaganda office

Furtwängler’s protest

and the Berlin Philharmonic

and radio

and artists

Hitler’s birthday (1933)

book-burning

and boycott of Jewish shops

view of democracy

Michael: A German Fate in the Page of a Diary
(novel)

Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von

gold

Gold Standard

Goldberg, Szymon

Goring, Hermann

key role in development of Nazi movement and Third Reich

family background

a well-known flying ace

appearance

personality

devotion to Hitler

in charge of the stormtroopers

and putsch attempt of 1923

addiction to morphine

1928 elections

extravagant tastes

Wessel’s funeral

and violence during a Bremen meeting

and Pietzuch

cavalier treatment of the Reichstag

appointed Reich Minister without portfolio

Acting Prussian Minister of the Interior

and torchlit parade in Berlin

and Hammerstein

and 1933 election

Reichstag fire

provides proofs of Communist plot

and Social Democrat press ban

and Weimar constitution

presiding officer of Reichstag

andservants

and Galen

and Nationalist Party

and Blech

Waldoff satirizes

Gotha

Göttingen University

Gottschewski, Lydia

‘government of the nationalist uprising’

GPU
(Gosudarstrennoe politicheskoe upravlenie,
State Political Directorate) Soviet secret police

Grand Coalition

Grauert, Ludwig

Greece

Griesheim

Grimm, Hans:
Race without Space

Groener, General Wilhelm

Groh, Wilhelm

Gropius, Walter

Grosz, George

Grotjahn, Alfred

Gruber, Kurt

Grzesinski, Albert

guilds

Gumbel, Emil Julius

Günther, Hans Friedrich Karl

Gürtner, Franz

Haarmann, Fritz

Haase, Hugo

Haber, Fritz

Habsburg monarchy

nationalities in
see also
Austria-Hungary

Haeckel, Ernst
The Riddle of the World

‘Hail Hitler’ greeting

‘Hail Victory!’ (
Sieg Heil!
)

Halle

Hallgarten, George (Wolfgang Friedrich)

Hamburg

Jewish community

abortive Communist uprising (1923)

pilfering on the docks

Nazi Party membership

unemployment

food riots

torchlit parade

new coalition government

prostitution

Hamburg Philharmonic Society

Hamburg Police Shelter

Hammer Verlag

Hammerstein, General Kurt von

handicapped, the

Hanfstaengl, Ernst (‘Putzi’)

Hanover

Kingdom of

Harlan, Veit

Harvey, Lillian

‘Harzburg Front’

Hassell, Ulrich von

Hauptmann, Gerhart

Haushofer, Karl

health agencies

health insurance

Hearst, William Randolph

Heidegger, Martin

Being and Time

Heidelberg

Heidelberg University

Heiden, Konrad

Heine, Heinrich

Heines, Edmund

Heisenberg, Werner

Held, Heinrich

Heldenbrand, Hans-Joachim

Heligoland

Helm, Brigitte

Henrici, Ernst

Hentig, Hans von

Herbst, Ludolf

Herder, Johann Gottfried von

heredity

Hereros

Hertz, Gustav

Hess, Rudolf

devoted to Hitler

background

antisemitism

and the
Lebensraum
theory

Hitler dictates
My Struggle
to

Hesse

Heuss, Theodor

Hevesy, Georg von

Hiedler, Johann Georg see Hitler (Hiedler), Johann Georg

Himmler, Heinrich

appointments book

background and education

regrets missing front-line action

joins a duelling fraternity

joins Denizens’ Defence Force

antisemitism

appearance

putsch attempt

devotion to Hitler

marriage

unconventional beliefs

joins the Artamans

farming

appointed head of SS

appointed Provisional Police President

opens Dachau

Bavarian People’s Party arrests

Hindemith, Paul

News of the Day
(opera)

Hindenburg, Oskar von

Hindenburg, Paul von

First World War service

‘silent dictatorship’

claims that army was stabbed in the back

elected President of Weimar Republic (1925)

a disaster for Weimar democracy

powers

decree outlawing stormtroopers

re-elected in 1932 Presidential elections

Social Democrats’ active backing for

dissolves Reichstag

reluctant to accept Hitler as Chancellor

resents Schleicher’s overthrow of Papen

refuses to give Schleicher extra-constitutional powers

appoints Hitler as Chancellor

at Berlin torchlit parade

and Potsdam Reichstag state opening

Hitler bypasses or uses as a rubber stamp

Hugenberg’s resignation

as Nazis’ last potential obstacle to total power

‘Hindenburg Programme’

Hirschfeld, Dr Magnus

history

partisan distortion of German historical scholarship

cult of personality

veneration of leadership by history-writers xix

individual personalities edited out of history

modern social

Nazi version of

focus on German history

Hitler, Adolf

Austrian origin

birth (20 April 1889)

family background

receives political indoctrination (1919)

early life

tries to become an architect

political influences

in Vienna

antisemitism

deep contempt for state and law

war service

oratory

in Stadelheim gaol

cult of personality

‘march on the capital’ tactic

petty-bourgeois simplicity

putsch attempt (1923)

trial

dictates
My Struggle
while in gaol

fierce desire to annihilate the Jews

paroled

charisma

emphasis on ‘living-space’

Goebbels comes under his spell

appearance

oaths of loyalty to

on SA and SS sacrifice

avoids legal responsibility for violence

appoints Goebbels propaganda chief

Bad Harzburg declaration

oration to businessmen

1930 elections

fires Franz Pfeffer von Salomon

Presidential election (1932)

Reichstag election (1932)

Gregor Strasser’s resignation

scheme to put him in as Chancellor

appointed Reich Chancellor (30 January 1933)

Papen expects to control him

powers of

promises to destroy Marxism

and the Reich Defence Council

Reichstag fire

speech at state opening of Reichstag

Steinmann’s declaration

assurances to Dingeldey

and the Nationalist Party

Berlin Philharmonic taken over by the Reich

scientists’ protests

intervenes to curb some ‘individual actions’

and boycott of Jewish shops

My Struggle

Hitler (Hiedler), Johann Georg (Hitler’s grandfather)

Hitler, Klara (Hitler’s mother)

Hitler, Paula (Hitler’s sister)

Hitler Youth

origins

Schirach leads

in a torchlight parade

Hoche, Alfred

Hoechst

Hoegner, Wilhelm

Hoffmann, Johannes

Hohenlohe, Chlodwig Fürst

Hohenzollerns

Höhler, Albrecht ‘Ali’

Hohnstein concentration camp, Saxony

Hollaender, Friedrich

Hollywood

Höltermann, Karl

Holy Roman Reich of the German Nation founded by Charlemagne and dissolved by Napoleon

Nazis’ ambition to emulate

and the German Empire

Austria’s membership

Hölz, Max

homelessness

homeopathy

homosexuality

Hoover Moratorium (1931)

Horenstein, Jascha

Horst Wessel Song

Horthy, General Miklós

hospital beds

Höss, Rudolf

background and early life

brutal murder by

joins the Nazi Party

membership of the Artamans

housing

Huber, Florian

Huch, Ricarda

Hugenberg, Alfred

Hungary

short-lived Communist regime (1918)

nation-state formed

hyperinflation

Christianity attacked by Bolshevism

Gömbös refers to himself as a ‘National Socialist’

Horthy government’s antisemitism

‘Hungry Forties’

Husserl, Edmund

hyperinflation
see also
inflation

Idar-Oberstein

I.G.
(Industrie-Germesnschaft)
Farben

illegitimate children, equal rights for

import tariffs

Impressionism

In Plain German
(
Auf gut deutsch
) political weekly

incurably, the

Independent Social Democratic Party of Germany
see also
Social Democratic Party of Germany; socialism; socialist movement

industrial revolution

industrialization

industry

Germany a world leader

lack of growth in production (1928-9)

US calls in short-term loans

hardest hit

unprecedented funds from

Industry Club, Düsseldorf

infectious diseases

inflation
see also
hyperinflation

influenza epidemic (1919)

‘inner emigration’

Institute for Sexual Science, Tiergarten district, Berlin

interest rates

Interior Ministry

‘International Proletarian Women’s Day’ (8 .March)

investment

iron

Iron Curtain

Iron Front

Isherwood, Christopher:
Mr Norris Changes Trains

Italy

compared with nineteenth-century Germany

unification (1859-60)

Catholic Concordat

creation of corporate state

fascism

clashes with Germany over the South Tyrol

Jacobins

Jankowski, Marie

Jannings, Emil

jazz

Jellinek, Walter

Jesuits

‘Jewish census’ (October 1916)

‘Jewish question’

‘Jewish spirit’

Jews

and capitalism

Nazi hatred of

Jewish-Christian intermarriage

converts to Christianity

name-changes

emigration

population

in business and the professions

and German nationalism

Jewish financiers blamed for economic depression

Libermann von Sonnenberg’s petition

their exclusion from German society advocated

‘the Jews are our misfortune’ phrase

Dreyfus affair

massacred by the ‘Black Hundreds’

Linz Programme (1879)

accused of subverting German art

business interests attacked

women workers

‘Jewish press’

war veterans

and Nationalists

alleged corruption

education

and the judiciary

political support

Hitler’s beliefs

‘to be exterminated’

conspiracy theory

and
The Stormer

and German Nationalist Commercial Employees’ Union

Nazis’ pattern of decision-making and implementation

in Dachau

Hitler’s concentration camp warning (1921)

and the German family

exile of health advice clinic staff

and organized crime

civil servants

in the Federation of German Women’s Associations

musicians

purging of artists

scientists dismissed

Jewish shops boycotted

East European Jews’ loss of citizenship

Jiaozhou, China

Joël, Curt

Johst, Hanns:
Schlageter
(play)

journalism

judiciary

Jünger, Ernst

Storm of Steel

Junker landowning class

juvenile courts

Kaas, Prelate Ludwig

Kadeko club, Berlin

Kahr, Gustav Ritter von

Kaiser Wilhelm Society

Kaiserhof Hotel, Berlin

Kakadu nightclub, Berlin

Kalter, Sabine

Kandinsky, Wassily

Kantzow, Karin von

Kapp, Wolfgang

Karl-Liebknecht House, Berlin

Kästner, Erich

Kaufmann, Karl

Kautsky, Karl

Keim, August (army officer)

Keppler, Wilhelm

Kershaw, Professor Sir Ian
Hitler

Kessler, Harry Graf

Ketteler, Bishop von

Kirchner, Ernst Ludwig

Klee, Paul

Klemperer, Otto

Klemperer, Victor

Klemt, Eduard

Klepper, Jochen

Knilling, Eugen Ritter von

Koblenz-Trier

Koch-Weser, Erich

Kokoschka, Oskar

Kollwitz, Käthe

Königsberg, East Prussia

Köpenick, Berlin

‘Köpenick Blood-Week’