The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions (1098 page)

 
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Inyon
.

Korean for
karma
.

 
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In-zo
.

Jap. for
mudra
.

 
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‘wandering holy man’
(1239–89).
Founder of the Ji (Time) sect of Japanese
Pure Land
Buddhism; he called his followers,
Jish
, Followers of the Timely Teaching; the ‘time’ is the six-hour invocation of the
nembutsu
each day. Ippen is a representative example of the
hijiri
, itinerant Buddhist practitioners, who travelled throughout Japan during the medieval period spreading the Pure Land teachings. At the time of his death, Ippen burnt all of his writings, saying that they all revert to the phrase Namu Amida Butsu. Only a few of his writings, such as the letters and poems collected together in the
Ippen Shonin Goroku
, remain.

 
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(1876–1938).
Indian Muslim poet and philosopher. Iqbal's reinterpretation of Islam in the light of the
S
f
heritage and W. philosophy (especially Bergson's creative evolution) gave a fresh stimulus to Indian Islam. His powerful poetry in Urdu and Persian inspired a new generation of Indian Muslims to shape and improve their condition of life, and was one of the chief forces behind the creation of Pakistan. The salient features of Iqbal's thought are the notion of reality as pure duration, with God and man interrelating dynamically in the universe; and the marriage of intellect and love in transforming humans to a higher being. Of his ten major works,
Bang-i-Dara
(1924),
Bal-i-Jibril
(1935), and
Zarb-i-Kalim
(1936) were well received by educated Indian Muslims.
The Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam
(1928) was a more systematic elaboration of Iqbal's Islamic vision, arguing for a return to
ijtih
d
and the establishment of
ijm
‘ through a legislative institution in the reformation of Islamic law.